Payme nts, E mployme nt, and the Ge nde r Gap in F inanc ial Inc - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Oct 14, 2023 46 likes •120 views

Payme nts, E mployme nt, and the Ge nde r Gap in F inanc ial Inc lusion Leora Klapper Finance and Private Sector Development Team Development Research Group World Bank Accounts can offer women security, privacy, and control of their $$$.

SLIDE 1

Payme nts, E mployme nt, and the Ge nde r Gap in F inanc ial Inc lusion

Leora Klapper

Finance and Private Sector Development Team Development Research Group World Bank

SLIDE 2

Source: Global Findex (2014); http://www.worldbank.org/globalfindex G7 economies Developing economies Turkey South Africa Russian Federation Nigeria Mexico India China Brazil 43%

Account ownership

Total percentage of adults

50% 59% 95% 95% 70% 70% 69% 44% 70% 64% 34% 54% 39% 39% 63% 76% 81% 65% 72%

WOMEN MEN

Accounts can offer women security, privacy, and control of their $$$….

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The Gender Gap in Financial Inclusion

Source: Gallup World Poll and Global Findex (2014); http://www.worldbank.org/globalfindex

Account ownership by economic participation in BRIC countries

Total Percentage of Adults in BRIC Countries

Wage workers Unemployed Out of workforce Self- employed Wage workers Unemployed Out of workforce Self- employed

76% banked 77% banked 62% banked 70% banked 79% banked 49% banked

MEN WOMEN

Depending on Workforce (Non-)Participation….

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0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% Brazil China India Mexico Russian Federation South Africa Source: Findex (2014); http://www.worldbank.org/globalfindex Note: The height of the bar is the share of adults with an account.

Wages and government transfers to Women

Total percentage of women

Receives govt transfers into an account Receives public wages into an account Receives private wages into an account

Depending on use of accounts….

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Source: Gallup World Poll (2016). Note: The height of the bar is the share of adults who have their own mobile phone.

Technology Gender Gaps

Total percentage of women

In Turkey 57% of women have a mobile phone as well as the internet, vs. 76% of men

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Brazil China India Kenya Mexico Russian Federation Turkey

Depending on mode of access/payments….

Has mobile phone & internet Has mobile phone Does not have a mobile phone

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Have an account: Do you, either by yourself or together with someone else, currently have an

account?

Debit card in your own name: Do you, personally, have (a [insert local terminology for

ATM/debit card])?

Linked to an account in your name: Is this [insert local terminology for ATM/debit card]

connected to an account with your name on it?

Do you own a business? Does anyone else have access to your card or pin number? What family members know your monthly wages? Do you share your monthly wage slip with any family members? Do other family members keep track of overtime wages? Who has access to your bank statements?

… or formality can reveal women's’ $$

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1) What specific issues have you experienced with survey questions/modules measuring financial inclusion and labor market participation, and what practical improvements would you recommend? 2) What kind of validation exercises have you conducted

n your instruments and how were these helpful? Are

there specific strategies you would recommend? 3) Are there alternative indicators that would get us closer to what we want to measure about women’s empowerment? Questions for Discussion