Past experience in experience in improved improved Past fuel quality quality in in Japan Japan fuel November.2007 November.2007 Kazuyuki NARUSAWA National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory, Japan 0
Air Pollution at Present Attainment Rate (%) Attainment Rate (%) Air pollution is severe especially 100 100 Whole Whole Whole Whole in metropolitan area Country Country Country Country 80 80 Attainment Rate in FY 2005 60 60 Metropolitan … NOx:85 % , PM:93% 40 40 Area 20 20 Diesel Vehicles are primary factor Metropolitan of air pollution Area 0 0 (NOx:42% , PM:43%) 8 8 9 9 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 8 8 9 9 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 NO2 SPM Ratio of Exhaust Emissions in Metropolitan Area ( FY 2002) Others:13% Others:13% Diesel:42% Others:21% Others:21% Diesel:42% Diesel:43% Diesel:43% 20% 20% NOx NOx PM PM Nature:19% Nature:19% Industry:35 35% % Industry: 80% 80% Gasoline:10% Gasoline:10% Industry:16% Industry:16% 1
2 Change in Exhaust Regulation Standard (Diesel-Powered Heavy-Duty Vehicles) NOx Reduction Rate(%)
3 Change in Exhaust Regulation Standard (Diesel-Powered Heavy-Duty Vehicles) PM Reduction Rate(%)
Emission Reduction Technology (Diesel Vehicles) 2004 2005 2009- 2003-04 2005 2009- Standard Standard Standard ○ ○ ○ Improvement of combustion chamber and air-intake system ○ ○ ○ Improvement of fuel injection system △ ○ ○ Cooled EGR △ ○ ○ Turbo Charger × × △ HCCI(Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) × × ○ NOx sensor × × △ Urea sensor Exhaust After-treatment Device △ △ △ Oxidation Catalyst △ ○ ○ Passive type Diesel Particulate Filter(DPF) × △ ○ Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) × △ ○ NOx Storage Catalyst NOx Adsorber Note ）○： Prevailed △： Limited use ×： Not Possible 4 Source: Ministry of the Environment Japan
Change in Exhaust Regulation Standard & Fuel Quality sulfur content of diesel fuel PM (Diesel-Powered Heavy-Duty Vehicles) 12,000ppm Reduction Rate(%) 5,000ppm(1976-) 2,000ppm(1992-) 500ppm(1997-) 10ppm (2007-) 50ppm (2005-) 5
Promotion of the use of appropriate fuel ・ Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport developed the portable sulfur density analyzer and inspect diesel fuel quality(sulfer) on the street from 2005. → Sulfur: more than 50ppm → Notice → Sulfur: more than 200ppm → Ordinance ＊ Regulation:50ppm max Spot inspection on the street Portable sulfur density analyzer 6
System for Fuel Quality Control Air Pollution Control Law （ Ministry of the Environment ） Establishment of permissible limits on the automotive fuel quality In consideration of permissible limits on the automotive fuel quality ○ Road Vehicle Act ○ Law of the Quality Control of （ Ministry of Land, Gasoline and Other Fuels Infrastructure and Transport ） （ Ministry of Economic,Trade and Industry ） Establishment of commercial Establishment of reference fuel quality regulation. fuel quality for emission test 7
Commercial fuel quality regulation in Japan (Diesel Fuel) Sulfur 10 Wt-ppm or less Cetane number 45 or more Distillation properties 633K （ 360 ℃） or less 90% distillation temperature Triglyceride 0.01 vol% or less FAME 5 vol% or less Methanol 0.01 vol% or less Total acid number 0.13mgKOH/g or less When FAME Total of Formic, was blended Acetic and 0.003 vol% or less Propionic acids Oxi. Stability 0.12 mgKOH/g or less (Acid) Increase 8
Commercial fuel quality regulation in Japan (Gasoline) Lead Not to be detected 50 wt-ppm or less Sulfur 10 wt-ppm or less (from 2008) MTBE 7.0 vol% or less Benzene 1.0 vol% or less Kerosene 4.0 vol% or less Methanol Not to be detected Existent gum 5 mg/100 mL or less Color orange Oxygen concentration 1.3 wt% or less Ethanol 3.0 vol% or less 9
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