Past experience in experience in improved improved Past fuel - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Kazuyuki NARUSAWA National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory, Japan

Past Past experience in experience in improved improved fuel fuel quality quality in in Japan Japan

November.2007 November.2007

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20 40 60 80 100 1 1 9 9 9 9 8 8 1 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 4 4 2 2 5 5 20 40 60 80 100 1 1 9 9 9 9 8 8 1 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 4 4 2 2 5 5

NO2

Whole Whole Country Country Metropolitan Area

SPM Attainment Rate (%)

Air pollution is severe especially in metropolitan area

Attainment Rate in FY 2005 … NOx:85 % , PM:93%

Diesel Vehicles are primary factor

• f air pollution

(NOx:42% , PM:43%)

Ratio of Exhaust Emissions in Metropolitan Area ( FY 2002)

NOx NOx

20% 20%

80% 80%

PM PM

Diesel:42% Diesel:42% Gasoline:10% Gasoline:10%

Others:13% Others:13%

Diesel:43% Diesel:43% Industry:16% Industry:16%

Others:21% Others:21%

Nature:19% Nature:19%

Attainment Rate (%)

Whole Whole Country Country Metropolitan Area

Industry: Industry:35 35% %

Air Pollution at Present

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Change in Exhaust Regulation Standard (Diesel-Powered Heavy-Duty Vehicles)

Reduction Rate(%)

NOx

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Change in Exhaust Regulation Standard (Diesel-Powered Heavy-Duty Vehicles)

Reduction Rate(%)

PM

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2003-04 2005 2009- Improvement of combustion chamber and air-intake system ○ ○ ○ Improvement of fuel injection system ○ ○ ○ Cooled EGR △ ○ ○ Turbo Charger △ ○ ○ HCCI(Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) × × △ NOx sensor × × ○ Urea sensor × × △ Exhaust After-treatment Device Oxidation Catalyst △ △ △ Passive type Diesel Particulate Filter(DPF) △ ○ ○ Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) × △ ○ NOx Adsorber × △ ○

Note）○：Prevailed △：Limited use ×：Not Possible

NOx Storage Catalyst

Emission Reduction Technology (Diesel Vehicles)

2004 2005

Standard

2009-

Standard Standard

Source: Ministry of the Environment Japan

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Change in Exhaust Regulation Standard & Fuel Quality

Reduction Rate(%)

12,000ppm 5,000ppm(1976-) 2,000ppm(1992-) 500ppm(1997-) 50ppm (2005-) 10ppm (2007-)

PM (Diesel-Powered Heavy-Duty Vehicles) sulfur content of diesel fuel

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Promotion of the use of appropriate fuel

Portable sulfur density analyzer Spot inspection on the street

・Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport developed the portable sulfur density analyzer and inspect diesel fuel quality(sulfer)

• n the street from 2005.

→ Sulfur: more than 50ppm → Notice → Sulfur: more than 200ppm → Ordinance

＊Regulation:50ppm max

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System for Fuel Quality Control

Air Pollution Control Law （Ministry of the Environment） Establishment of permissible limits on the automotive fuel quality ○Road Vehicle Act （Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport） ○Law of the Quality Control of Gasoline and Other Fuels （Ministry of Economic,Trade and Industry） Establishment of reference fuel quality for emission test Establishment of commercial fuel quality regulation.

In consideration of permissible limits on the automotive fuel quality

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Commercial fuel quality regulation in Japan (Diesel Fuel)

0.12 mgKOH/g or less Increase

• Oxi. Stability

(Acid) 0.003 vol% or less Total of Formic, Acetic and Propionic acids 0.13mgKOH/g or less Total acid number 0.01 vol% or less Methanol 5 vol% or less FAME When FAME was blended 0.01 vol% or less Triglyceride 633K（360℃） or less Distillation properties 90% distillation temperature 45 or more Cetane number 10 Wt-ppm or less Sulfur

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Commercial fuel quality regulation in Japan (Gasoline)

3.0 vol% or less Ethanol 1.3 wt% or less Oxygen concentration

• range

Color 5 mg/100 mL or less Existent gum Not to be detected Methanol 4.0 vol% or less Kerosene 1.0 vol% or less Benzene 7.0 vol% or less MTBE 50 wt-ppm or less 10 wt-ppm or less (from 2008) Sulfur Not to be detected Lead