Opioids and criminal justice in CT Presented by: Ivan Kuzyk, Kyle - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Opioids and criminal justice in CT

Presented by:

Ivan Kuzyk, Kyle Baudoin, Kendall Bobula June 9, 2017

The New York Times, June 6, 2017

OPM’s Criminal Justice Policy and Planning Division monitors developments in the state criminal justice system. We became aware of dramatic increases in the number of people entering the criminal justice system with issues related to opioid use. We also began to map opioid deaths using OCME date.

2005 2010 2015 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 Peak gun deaths (1993) Peak HIV deaths (1995) Peak car crash deaths (1972) 59,000 to 65,000 people, estimated to OD deaths in 2016.

Drug overdose deaths, 2004 to 2016

Source: The New York Times, June 6, 2017

Overdose deaths and homicides in CT, 2004 to 2016

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Drug

• verdoses

Homicides 917 729 558 498 366 328 289 79 151 144

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 OD deaths to homicides 2.6 2.5 2.5 3.1 2.5 2.6 2.0 2.4 2.4 4.8 5.5 5.7 11.6

Source: CT OCME

Overdose deaths by age and race/ethnicity, 2010 to 2016

3 1 1 2 5 8 7 4 4 6 3 9 14 17 47 84 70 100 103 128 148 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

OD deaths 18 to 29 year olds

Black Hispanic White

2 1 6 6 3 6 12 12 6 11 13 9 15 21 30 49 63 72 96 132 164 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

OD deaths, 30 to 38 year olds

Black Hispanic White

7 6 8 6 6 7 17 11 8 9 13 19 20 22 68 59 51 84 99 88 133 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

OD deaths 39 to 46 year olds

Black Hispanic White

6 4 12 21 4 8 21 3 6 8 13 14 13 24 64 50 54 70 91 116 121 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

OD deaths 47 to 53 year olds

Black Hispanic White

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

OD deaths 54 to 97

Black Hispanic White

Deaths have increases across age and race/ethnicity

33% 66% 83% 92% 27% 10% 5% 1% 33% 17% 7% 3% 7% 7% 6% 3% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Towns over 100,000 Towns 50k to 99k Towns 15k to 49.9k Towns under 15k

71% 65% 72% 74% 9% 10% 12% 6% 13% 13% 8% 9% 6% 13% 8% 11% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Statewide Norwich Middletown Groton

WnH % BnH %

• Hisp. %
• Oth. %

10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 23% 32% 16% 53% 32% 33% 35% 13% 38% 27% 43% 24% 7% 7% 5% 10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Bridgeport New Haven Hartford Stamford

10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Cities, towns and race in CT

Source: US Census 2010

The state’s major minority groups are, generally, clustered in the state’s largest cities. In general, as town population diminishes, so too does the percentage of minority residents

Over 100,000, 44% 50k to 99k, 32% 15k to 49.9k, 21% Under 15k, 4%

• Hisp. %

k,

Over 100,000, 8% 50k to 99k, 23% 15k to 49.9k, 47% Under 15k, 22%

WnH %

O Over 100,000, 51% 50k to 99k, 26% 15k to 49.9k, 21% Under 15k, 3%

BnH %

Only 8% of CT Whites live in cities with populations over 100,000; 22% live in small towns of under 15,000 Among Blacks, 51% live in cities

• ver 100,000; only 3% live in towns

with less than 15,000 inhabitants. Among Hispanics, 44% live in cities with more than 100,000 residents. 4% live in towns with less than 15,000 people.

Source: US Census 2010

Cities, towns and race in CT

Towns % Pop. Over 100,000 5 18% 50,000 to 99,900 14 24% 15,000 to 49,900 58 41% Under 15,000 92 17%

Injury towns and towns-of-death

http://arcg.is/2qpeD5n

Deaths by town and rates-of-death

It would be a gross simplification to say that opioid use and addiction is a suburban, white problem. In fact opioid abuse is growing among every demographic in the state.

Indexed OD deaths by race/ethnicity and age

0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

OD deaths by race/ethnicity - indexed to 2010

Black ind Hisp ind. White ind.

Black Hispanic White 2010 22 32 234 2011 20 29 277 2012 39 41 281 2013 45 52 395 2014 27 57 468 2015 46 79 596 2016 86 101 711 14 to 29 30 to 38 39 to 46 47 to 53 54 to 97 2010 55 44 86 73 31 2011 89 56 73 60 50 2012 81 80 68 75 62 2013 107 91 105 104 91 2014 118 109 125 110 96 2015 155 153 115 138 168 2016 178 199 175 170 195

0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0 700.0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

OD deaths by age quintile - indexed to 2010

14 to 29 30 to 38 39 to 46 47 to 53 54 to 97

The upshot – opioids is simply pulling more whites into the criminal justice system

Per capita overdose deaths by town vs. per capita income by town

Although every town has been affected by drug

• verdose deaths, less affluent areas of the state are

generally more likely to bear the brunt of this epidemic.

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 $0 $20 $40 $60 $80 $100 $120 New Canaan Weston Ridgefield Lyme Avon Woodbridge Washington Farmington Sherman Granby Newtown Stamford Monroe Burlington Bolton Oxford Marlborough Salem East Granby Southbury Durham Hebron South Windsor Milford North Haven Harwinton Wethersfield Canaan Clinton Columbia Bethel Southington Deep River Barkhamsted Hamden Watertown Lisbon Preston Manchester Newington Thomaston Middletown Groton Windsor Willington East Haven Naugatuck Thompson Putnam Torrington Eastford Plainfield Mansfield New Britain Hartford OD Deaths per capita Per Capita Income, thousands

Overdose deaths, 2004 through 2016, Source CT OCME Per capita income, Source: U.S. Census 2010

Sprague Ansonia Waterbury Canaan Harwinton Salem Essex Voluntown

127 147 157 236 244 318 479

162 181 209 262 314 411 438

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

CT Accidental Drug Intoxication Deaths

With a DOC Number No DOC Record

CT Accidental Drug Deaths 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total Drug Deaths 289 328 366 498 558 729 917 With a DOC Number 127 147 157 236 244 318 479 No DOC Record 162 181 209 262 314 411 438 % with a DOC record 44% 45% 43% 47% 44% 44% 52%

Overdose deaths and the prison system

Jail re-interview data, 2011

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Pre-trial admittees Age at 2011 pre-trial admit

2011 Pre-trial offenders acknowledging heroin use

Black White Hispanic

As long ago as 2011, we had the data to begin to see the wave coming.

In the data as long as 2011

61 356 181 79 9 92 159 117 1 18 41 75

100 200 300 400 500 Under 21 21 to 30 31 to 40 41 to 50

2011 Pre-trial prisoners admitting heroin use

White Hispanic Black

86% 76% 48% 29% 13% 20% 42% 43% 1% 4% 11% 28%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Under 21 21 to 30 31 to 40 41 to 50

www.ct.gov/opm/CriminalJustice/Research

OPM/CJPPD – Research 450 Capitol Avenue Hartford CT, 06106

Approximately 14,500 people are incarcerated in CT

• today. The DOC cannot definitively identify which of

these offenders have a history of opioid use.

Drug deaths and incarceration history

Cities and towns in CT, 2010

0.3% 1.3% 2.0% 1.8% 0.8% 2.1% 1.9% 1.5% 0.8% 1.4% 1.8% 1.4% 1.6% 1.9% 2.6% 2.0% 1.9% 1.2% 0.0% 3.0% 6.0% 9.0% 12.0% 15.0%

Bloomfield Bridgeport Bristol Danbury East Hartford Fairfield Greenwich Hamden Hartford Meriden Milford New Britain New Haven Norwalk Stamford Waterbury West Hartford West Haven

WHN

3.4% 13.9% 0.6% 1.5% 3.7% 0.3% 0.4% 3.5% 13.2% 1.5% 0.4% 2.4% 12.9% 3.4% 4.8% 5.9% 1.1% 3.0% 0.0% 3.0% 6.0% 9.0% 12.0% 15.0%

Bloomfield Bridgeport Bristol Danbury East Hartford Fairfield Greenwich Hamden Hartford Meriden Milford New Britain New Haven Norwalk Stamford Waterbury West Hartford West Haven

BNH

0.2% 11.5% 1.2% 4.2% 2.8% 0.6% 1.2% 1.1% 11.3% 3.7% 0.6% 5.6% 7.4% 4.3% 6.1% 7.2% 1.3% 2.1% 0.0% 3.0% 6.0% 9.0% 12.0% 15.0%

Bloomfield Bridgeport Bristol Danbury East Hartford Fairfield Greenwich Hamden Hartford Meriden Milford New Britain New Haven Norwalk Stamford Waterbury West Hartford West Haven

Hispanics

If we take the towns with the ten largest populations

• f blacks, whites and

Hispanics in the state, we end up with a list of 18 towns. Top 10 towns sorted by group population contain:

• 68% of blacks
• 64% of Hispanics, and
• 19% of whites

In 2010, the 4 largest cities in the state were home to:

• 45.9% of CT black non-

Hispanics

• 37.4% of the CT

Hispanics, and

• 5.7% of the state’s white

non-Hispanics.

Tableau Link

https://public.tableau.com/views/OverdoseAnalysis/Overdose Analysis?:embed=y&:display_count=yes&publish=yes