Objectives To evaluate the functionality of Rope pump To determine the water quality of water pumped up by Rope pumps especially regarding fecal contamination To get an impression of the social and economic impact of Rope pumps both for Communal supply as well as Self supply To get information on bottle necks and interest by government and NGOs to use this technology in their water programs
METHODOLOGY Study areas Karonga Mzuzu Rumphi Mzimba Nkhatabay Kasungu
Sampling procedure Purposive sampling was used DISTRICT NUMBER OF PUMPS VISITED Karonga 4 Kasungu 22 Mzimba 18 Mzuzu 36 Nkhatabay 22 Rumphi 25 Total 127
Results
functionality Private pumps Communal pumps 45 out of 52 working 48 out of 75 working working not working 13% working not working 36% 64% 87%
Functionality con’t Main reasons not functional 25 21 20 15 10 5 4 3 5 1 0 Rope broken handle broken dry well missing pipes Others
Factors affecting pump functionality Ownership on the pump Preference to other technologies Economic incapability Quality of materials used Number of users Supply chain
Water quality results E.Coli Count 26% No E.Coli 74% E.Coli
Factors influencing WQ A. Siting of the water point E.COLI AVERAGE DISTANCE FROM POTENTIAL COLONIE CONTAMINATION SOURCES (m) S IN Animal Borehole position vs SAMPLE Animal Pit Latrine watering other (Per 1ml ) average distance from shelter point contamination source 0 76 116 154 106 20 52 68 62 56 120 22 20 7 52 140 20 30 30 30 TNTC 20 20 20 100
close to stinky pool close to pit latrine
B. Borehole depth E.Coli count (colonies /1ml Average borehole sample) depth(m) 0 15 >50 10 TNTC 5 As the average borehole depth reduces the Coliform count increases per water sample
C. Exposure to environmental factors Uncovered slab and concrete part. Potential risk of contamination
d. Unhygienic practices Children playing around & with the pump Throw dirt, plastic, Touch the rope Animals hanging around the surrounding Animal dung
Community acceptance 94% respondents like the technology 300 42 - easy to maintain 250 270 – clean water 200 13 – irrigation 150 221 – easy to operate 100 62 – save money 50 51 - others 0 Cheap Easy to Produces Used for easy to saves money Others maintain clean water irrigation operate Reeks1 Reeks2
Willingness to repair the Rope pump Communal water points Despite majority satisfied with the technology, only 11% of respondents had already started repairing 44% of respondents were doing nothing about repairing the Rope pump. Private water points Respondents willing to repair despite having alternative sources (piped water into dwelling) 2 respondents (28%) willing to repair but couldn’t get in touch with technician
Socio-economic benefits Increase access to improved water & sanitation 1. Moving from unprotected wells to protected water source
2. Improves food security at household level Used for irrigation Domestic animals
3 . affordability Installation costs lower as compared to other technologies Affordable maintenance costs Affordable spare parts Save money from excessive water bills
4. Simplicity easy to maintain Easy to operate women fixing the pump Children operate without hustle Simple to maintain
4. reliability Reliable source of water Water every time all year. No disconnections & 87% of respondents access water at every time of the year as long as the Rope pump is functional
Stakeholders’ perception on rope pumps NGO’s a . Economically viable investment cost is low. Local communities can afford b. Improvement to current water source c. Simple technology
Opportunities for Rope pumps 1. Malawi’s little access to WASH Greater proportion of rural population still use unprotected sources. Rope pumps can help cover gaps 2. Increased interests by NGO’s & private 3. Water Policy – accommodates new innovations
Views by government officials categorized Rope pumps with shallow well (which the government can not accept) Govt policies doesn’t accept Rope pumps (shallow wells ). Unless substantiated with water quality results, govt feels the technology is prone to contamination. Unable to serve larger communities The technology looks like a temporally solution No plans to promote but support organizations to supply in very needy areas where
Recommendations A need to Train users on O&M A self-supply approach regular or periodical monitoring of water points Involvement of government in rope pump technology as key player Dissemination of info in key conference in conjunction with other WASH players Need for improvement ( design & method of drilling) to address water quality concerns
End of presentation Thank you
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