Nothing to Disclose Presentation Objectives: - Overview of Water, - - PDF document

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Nothing to Disclose Presentation Objectives: - Overview of Water, - - PDF document

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3/20/17 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) An Overview of Practices and Sustainable Development Strategies INMED Humanitarian Health Conference March 24-25, 2017 Thad May, Civil Engineer Nothing to Disclose Presentation Objectives: -

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Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)

An Overview of Practices and Sustainable Development Strategies

INMED Humanitarian Health Conference March 24-25, 2017 Thad May, Civil Engineer

Nothing to Disclose

Presentation Objectives:

  • Overview of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene…up close
  • Effective WASH Interventions
  • Basic Principles of Sustainable Community Development
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WASH

Benefits of WASH

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Water Facts

  • 663 million people lack access to an improved

water source (approx 1 in 11 people).

  • 2.4 billion people lack access to adequate

sanitation (33%) Unicef, 2015

Water Facts

  • 3.4 million people die each year from water,

sanitation, and hygiene-related causes.

  • Nearly all deaths, 99 percent, occur in the

developing world

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Water Facts

  • Every 21 seconds a child dies from a water

related disease developing world

  • ~90 percent of diarrheal related deaths occur

among children under 5 years of age

  • 1,800 child deaths/day caused by unsafe water

Field Internship

Livingstone, Zambia near Victoria Falls

Living in the Village

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Singanga, Village Southern Province

Moving into the Neighborhood

Home away from home Our Observations: People were drinking untreated river water…

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…while the village BioSand Filters went unused… …not used for filtering water, anyway. A reason: “This water from the river…it can be good water”

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Open defecation was common… …yet pit latrines were available

Would you use this latrine?

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Our first order of business: Install a BioSand filter & composting pit latrine

Our Fancy Loo Question: How to change behavior and attitudes about clean water & sanitation?

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3/20/17 9 A single gram of human feces contains...

* UNICEF REPORT - 2013

Waterborne Diseases

Sanitation is the most off-target Millennium Development Goal

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3/20/17 10 The single most important invention improving health in the last 200 years!

The burden of finding water falls especially on women… …and girls.

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Walking and perhaps waiting for water…

3 or 4 hours a day?

Relief vs. Development ?

Relief: Aid done for people (Assistance during a crisis) Development: Aid done with People (Empowering communities in the process)

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Definitions

Relief: Urgent provision of emergency aid to reduce immediate suffering during a

  • crisis. Short-term, Outside resourced

Development: Community is empowered to identify and solve their own problems with local resources. Results are long-term, sustainable. Core Principal of Community Development: Respect the locals as the experts of their

  • wn culture.

Telling ourselves the Truth

“Here’s the truth: Giving to those in need what they could be gaining from their

  • wn initiative may

well be the kindest way to destroy people.” – Robert Lupton

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Appropriate Technology for Village Water Supply

¤ Ground Water Sources

  • Hand dug wells
  • Drilled wells
  • Sand Dams
  • Protected Springs

¤ Household water treatment systems:

  • Bio-sand Filters
  • Hollow tube micro-filters
  • Clay pot filters

Hand Pump Wells Sand Dams

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Hand-dug Wells Water Disinfection Systems SODIS (Solar disinfection)

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Bio Sand Water Filters

Hollow fiber membrane filters

  • Simple to Operate
  • Emergency response
  • Water as Business
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Sanitation

Definition: The safe disposal and treatment of human waste

Appropriate Technology

  • n the Sanitation Ladder

¤ Buried pit

¤ Unimproved Pit Latrine (squatty potty) ¤ Ventilated Improved Pit Latrines (screen on vent) ¤ EcoSan/Composting – Waste as a resource ¤ Pour Flush Latrine ¤ Septic System ¤ Flush Toilet ¤ Sewer system and treatment ponds

Unimproved Pit Latrine

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Simple Composting Latrine

Sanitation Platform (Sanplat)

Arbor-loo Latrine

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Ventilated Improved Pit Latrine

Eco-San Toilets

Bio-gas Latrine

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Hygiene THE FIVE “F” DIAGRAM

The fecal-oral disease transmission routes

The “F” Diagram

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The “F” Diagram THREE PILE METHOD THREE PILE METHOD

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THREE PILE METHOD

Community-Led Total Sanitation

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The “walk of shame”

Community Mapping: Where do you defecate?

Why CLTS is Different:

¤ Focus is on behavior change rather than installing toilets ¤ Shame and Disgust are a good thing ¤ Facilitator offers No solutions; No lecture ¤ The community decides their own action ¤ No money or subsidy is offered ¤ The community discovers for themselves the fecal-oral

contamination routes of disease.

¤ They analyze their own hygiene behaviors ¤ Natural leaders emerge

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CLTS uses the Participatory learning model:

  • Learner centered
  • Question asking
  • Problem posing
  • Discovery process
  • Action oriented
  • Community based

“What are your resources?” - Elijah Sustainability Values (A partial list)

  • Community-Led
  • Self-Supporting
  • Self-Governed
  • Demand-Driven
  • Locally Supplied

Sustainable = Multiplication

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Water Changes Everything