non-market household production in India: A benchmark study Laishram - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Gender differential in time spent in non-market household production in India: A benchmark study

Laishram Ladusingh International Institute for Population Sciences India

Introduction

• Micro and macro economy production process which

effects welfare of society includes not only market production but also household non-market production

• In all societies it is the women who contributes most

to household non-market production

• However household non-market production goes

unreported in the System of National Accounts (SNA)

• As a results women’s contribution to the welfare of

society is not included in the calculation of GDP

Objectives

• In this study an attempt is made to analyze

time spent in non-market household production and assess gender differential in time spent

• Compare time spent in non-market

household production by age and residence background

Data & Methods

• NSSO conducted the only time use survey for India in

1998-99

• For members of households aged 6 years and above

the survey collected information on time spent in doing different activities in minutes

• The survey covered six states of the country
• Descriptive statistics, diagrammatic presentation

Statistics

Primary production Secondary activities HH maintenance & management Care of children, sick & elderly Community services Learning Social & cultural activities Personal care & self- maintenance Number of

• bservations

63172 63172 63172 63172 63172 63172 63172 63172

Percentage(nu mber) not participating (exact zeros)

50.9 (32141) 75.1 (47442) 47.1 (29759) 77.2 (48795) 99.0 (62539) 82.0 (51658) 44.2 (27924) 0.0 (3.1)

Mean in hours

2.8 1.8 2.2 0.4 0.02 1.4 1.4 14.0

25th percentile in hours

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.2

Median in hours

0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 13.5

75th percentile in hours

6.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2 15.3

Variance in hours-squared

14.1 13.2 9.0 0.9 0.1 9.7 3.9 7.9

Time spent by activities in India (in hour per day)

Average time use in hours per day by activity ,sex and residence India (1998-99)

Activity Rural Urban

Male Female Average Male Female Average Primary production Activities 4.56 2.86 3.73 0.53 0.36 0.45 Secondary activities 1.72 0.44 1.10 5.80 1.03 3.51 HH maintenance and management 0.30 4.15 2.17 0.29 4.45 2.29 Care of children, sick and elderly 0.13 0.64 0.38 0.13 0.72 0.41 Community services 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 Learning 1.47 1.03 1.26 1.70 1.52 1.61 Social and cultural activities, mass media 1.33 0.94 1.14 2.23 2.19 2.21 Personal care and self maintenance 14.49 13.92 14.21 13.31 13.73 13.51

Average Time Use In Hours Per Day by Activities

3.73 1.10 2.17 0.38 0.02 1.26 1.14 14.21 0.45 3.51 2.29 0.41 0.01 1.61 2.21 13.51 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Primary production Activities Secondary activities HH maintenance and management Care of children, sick and elderly Community services Learning Social and cultural activities, mass media Personal care and self maintenance

Urban Rural

Average time use in hours per day on different activities by sex & residence

5 10 15 20 Male Female Male Female Rural Urban Personal care and self maintenance Social and cultural activities, mass media Learning Community services Care of children, sick and elderly HH maintenance and management Secondary activities

Gender Differential in Time Spent by Age

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 63 66 69 72 75 78

Household Management

Female Male 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 63 66 69 72 75 78

Care for child, sick and elderly

Female Male

Average time use in hours per day on different activities by broad age groups

0.79 0.30 0.57 0.15 0.01 5.36 2.98 13.85 3.40 2.31 2.74 0.46 0.01 0.37 1.06 13.65 2.55 0.83 1.49 0.37 0.03 0.01 1.00 17.73 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Primary production Secondary activities HH maintenance & management Care of children, sick & elderly Community services Learning Social & cultural activities Personal care & self maintenance 60+ 16-59 6-15

Average time spent in hours per day on different activities among females by age groups

4.29 0.92 2.97 0.53 0.01 0.03 0.60 14.65 2.07 2.21 1.83 0.31 0.02 2.01 1.85 13.70 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Primary production Secondary activities HH maintenance & management Care of children, sick & elderly Community services Learning Social & cultural activities Personal care & self maintenance

Non-literate Literate

4.59 3.79 0.92 0.19 0.02 0.03 0.82 13.64 1.57 0.41 3.08 0.52 0.01 2.27 1.87 14.26 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Primary production Secondary activities HH maintenance & management Care of children, sick & elderly Community services Learning Social & cultural activities Personal care & self maintenance Paid work Unpaid work

Conclusion

• It is evident that women spent much more time in food

preparation, household maintenance, care of children and sick than men

• Though non-market household production contributes to

welfare of the society it is not considered as part of the GDP

• There is gradual realization of the contribution of women in

the economy of a country and some countries have already accounted non-market household production in extended SNA

• Integration of NTA and NTTA shall be a step towards Gender

accounting particularly for India

• Time use survey with nationwide coverage for India is

recommended

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