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No Till and Beneficial Insects Kristopher Giles Oklahoma State - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
No Till and Beneficial Insects Kristopher Giles Oklahoma State - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
No Till and Beneficial Insects Kristopher Giles Oklahoma State University Manage Good Insects Like Your Farm Depends On It By John Dobberstein posted on January 30, 2015 Posted in Crop Protection No till practices and diverse cover
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No‐Till Pests
The Bad News!
Wheat: Hessian Fly, Mites, Wireworms, White Grubs.
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No‐Till Pests
The Bad News!
Wheat: Hessian Fly, Mites, Wireworms, White Grubs. Corn / Sorghum: Cutworms, Borers
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No‐Till Pests
The Bad News!
Wheat: Hessian Fly, Mites, Wireworms, White Grubs. Corn / Sorghum: Cutworms, Borers Cotton / Soybeans: Cutworms, Grasshoppers
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No‐Till and Predators / Parasites
The Good News! On Farms: 1699 / 1700 insect species not pests Wheat: Almost always higher and reduce pests Cotton: Often higher and reduce pests Corn / Sorghum: Occasionally higher and reduce pests Soybeans / Canola: ??
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No‐Till and Predators / Parasites
We know how it works: Reliable food webs = fields remain alive
*Increased organic matter *Higher decomposer #’s *Higher Predator #’s
Generalists
*Consistent Predator #’s
Soil / Ground dwellers Weed seed eaters! Active at night
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How it works in Winter Wheat in Oklahoma
No‐Till Wheat *No‐Till fields support higher #’s of beneficial insects year‐round *Hessian flies managed by high yielding resistant varieties *Fewer aphids colonize soil with residue, and low #’s are sheltered Aphids and other potential pests killed by generalist predators Aphids killed by specialist parasitoids that depend on pasture
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No‐Till and Pollinators
Adult Hover Fly = Pollinator Larval Hover Fly = Predator
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No‐Till and Pollinators
Wild bees
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No‐Till and Pollinators
Wild bees
*Dozens of wild bee species in Oklahoma *Some studies have shown they are better pollinators than Honey bees Adapted to local environments: pollinate throughout day Survive better, especially in minimally disturbed soil
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Conserving wild bees 70% are soil nesting
*No‐Till fields support wild bees *Pastures support wild bees *Shrubs support wild bees *Selective insecticide use *Diverse farming landscapes support wild bees
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