No Exchange, Same Pain, No Gain: Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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No Exchange, Same Pain, No Gain: Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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No Exchange, Same Pain, No Gain: Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment Cory Robinson, Ph.D. 24 JANUARY 2017 2 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment Presenter Bio

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No Exchange, Same Pain, No Gain: Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment

Cory Robinson, Ph.D.

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Presenter Bio

  • Ph.D. in Public Communication and Technology
  • Sr. Lecturer in Communication Design at

Linköping University, Sweden

  • Current research: Privacy in digital technologies

2 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment 24 JANUARY 2017

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Presentation Overview

  • 1. Global healthcare issues
  • 2. Current healthcare wearables
  • 3. Using wearables in healthcare

– Benefits and concerns

  • 4. Data collected by wearables
  • 5. Introduction and application of theory
  • 6. Examine risk versus benefit of using health wearables

3 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment 24 JANUARY 2017

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Introduction

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Introduction

  • Populations across the globe are aging (Kalache & Keller, 2000)
  • Economic concerns, including overburdened healthcare

systems (Bloom et al., 2015)

  • Health wearables can provide healthcare benefits at

affordable costs

5 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment 24 JANUARY 2017

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6

Quell Vivy Pulse CŪR iTens Thync

Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment 24 JANUARY 2017

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Benefits of healthcare wearables

  • 1. Targeted healthcare
  • 2. Patient involvement

in healthcare

  • 3. Up-to-date metrics

for physicians

  • 4. Save money
  • 5. Mobile, discreet pain

treatment

  • 6. Reduced medication

7 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment 24 JANUARY 2017

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Concerns using health wearables

  • Wearables require

patients to disclose sensitive information – Health information – Personal information

  • Hacking
  • How secure is data?

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Sensitivity of health information

  • Individuals were least

willing to disclose health information

  • Cross-nationally,

perceived as riskiest to disclose

(Robinson, 2015)

  • Classified as sensitive

personal data by U.S. government

(Callahan, 2012)

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Personal information collected by wearables

  • Lower risk

– Name – Email

  • High(er) risk

– Address – Date of birth – Location information – Social media account(s)

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Personal information collected by wearables

  • “… other information that can

be used to identify you”

(Thync, 2015b)

  • Analytics (Neurometrix, 2016b)
  • Some devices lack privacy

policies

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Theory

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Risk-Reward relationship in wearables

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Risk

(loss of privacy)

Reward

(treatment of pain)

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Communication Privacy Management (CPM)

  • Practical theory “designed to provide an explanation for

communicative issues about privacy that individuals face in the everyday world” (Petronio, 2002, p. xvii)

  • Applicable to relationships in digital environments

(Metzger, 2007)

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CPM tenets

  • 1. Public-Private dialectical tension
  • 2. Conceptualization of private information
  • 3. Privacy Rules
  • 4. Shared Boundaries
  • 5. Boundary Coordination
  • 6. Boundary Turbulence

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#1: Public-Private dialectical tension

  • Process of disclosure is dialectical
  • Push-pull of revealing and concealing private information

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Health wearables: public-private dialectics

  • Push-pull: disclose

information to wearable to receive treatment?

  • Expect lower privacy

levels

  • In-person doctor visits

may set unrealistic trust expectations

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#2: Conceptualization of private information

  • Individuals own their

information

  • Decide whether to

make information public or private

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Health wearables: user private information

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  • Risk-reward faced at

purchase

  • Purchase intent

influences disclosure

  • Contemplating

disclosure at purchase complicates healthcare

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#3: Privacy Rules

  • Regulate the flow of

private information

  • We create rules
  • Rules developed using

different criteria

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Health wearables: privacy rules

  • Rule development criteria must include state of health
  • Chronic pain can influence decision making (Apkarian et al., 2004)
  • Users should consider pain levels and overall health when

making disclosure decisions

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#4: Shared Boundaries

  • Once disclosed,

information is co-owned

  • Co-owners cooperate

to create boundaries

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Health wearables: shared boundaries

  • Boundaries may not

be shared

  • Users are not aware
  • f how data is shared
  • Shared boundaries

can create risks

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#5: Boundary Coordination

  • Boundary linkages
  • Boundary ownership rights
  • Boundary permeability

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Health wearables: boundary coordination

  • Boundary linkage with

company after accepting EULA

  • Other (unknown)

linkages through application permissions

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#6: Boundary Turbulence

  • When violations or

misunderstandings arise regarding the disclosure and related information

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Health wearables: Boundary turbulence

  • Privacy violations occur when company accesses

unnecessary information – Location information – Social media accounts

  • Companies may violate users, and user’s friends and

family

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Implications

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Implications: Data collection practices

  • Companies should clearly state information collection

practices

  • Companies should only collect information necessary for

treatment

  • Allow consumer to opt-out

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Implications: Data collection practices

  • Globally, data rules

are “strengthening”

  • However, health data

brings new challenges

  • Frameworks for

protecting health information are needed

  • Privacy from the start

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Implications: Social Health

  • Wearables may

violate patients’ social health

  • Compromised social

media accounts

  • Violations for friends

and family

  • Creates relational

conflict

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Future studies

  • Will sufferers of chronic pain disclose for reward of better

targeted, more effective treatment?

  • Sacrifices of social health worth the rewards of greater

physical health?

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Conclusion: Dilemma

  • Consumer dilemma:

Sacrifice privacy to treat chronic pain?

  • Relief of chronic pain =

powerful motivator for individuals to disclose health information

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Conclusion: The “perfect” scenario

  • Companies + chronic pain sufferers must agree to

scenario

  • Providing personal data = better targeted health
  • utcomes AND privacy is respected

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Conclusion

  • Adoption influenced by ensuring consumers/patients

their privacy is protected

  • Perceived benefits: wearable will help manage or better

treat health

  • Further, by ensuring privacy, we can:

– Increase Trust – Lessen Anxiety – Lower perceived risk – Increase adoption and usage

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No Exchange, Same Pain, No Gain: Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment

Cory Robinson, Ph.D.