SLIDE 1
Themark Corporation
Competition Worldwide
Themark Corporation
Country USA UK Russia Japan Norway Germany France Themark Corp Available Lab Sample Yes Yes No No No No No Yes Commercialized? No No No No No No No Yes
Natural Gas DRA Drag Reducing Agent for Natural Gas Pipeline - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Natural Gas DRA Drag Reducing Agent for Natural Gas Pipeline - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Natural Gas DRA Drag Reducing Agent for Natural Gas Pipeline Transportation Themark Corporation Competition Worldwide Country Available Lab Sample Commercialized? USA Yes No UK Yes No Russia No No Japan No No Norway No No
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SLIDE 3
USA/UK
Resilience of pipeline wall Corrosion inhibitor analogue Pipeline precleaning or shutdown is needed for DRA coating Hard to treat （1-10mm） Smelly and toxic chemicals 0.15 Performance stablizes within 1 month No performance remains at day 90 No commercial samples 10 - 70ºC
Our Advantage
Themark Corporation Item
Mechanism Molecules Injection Method Post-treatment Environmental Impact Efficiency and Duration (In-house) Efficiency and Duration (Field) Applicable Temperature
Themark Corp
Roughness and resilience of internal pipeline wall Proprietary all-new molecule No downtime - online spray, no interrupt for transportation No maintence （20µ） Environmentally friendly, light smell 14~15% Performance stablzes within 2 months 8% improvement remains at day 90 >10% within 2 months 6% at day 90
- 50 -150ºC
SLIDE 4
Compact Injection System
Themark Corporation
SLIDE 5
DRA Molecule Filming Mechanism
Themark Corporation
SLIDE 6
Dose Calculation
Themark Corporation
Quantity = 2 × π × r × L × d × ζ r = Pipeline radius r=0. 3m L = pipeline length L= 100,000m d = film thickness d=2×10-5m ζ = Times of injection ζ = 5 Example: Q = 2×3.14×0.3×100,000×(2×10-5) ×5 = 18.84m3
SLIDE 7
Coverage Distance
Themark Corporation
Flow Rate (m/s) 2 2 2 3 3 3 5 5 5 8 8 8 Diameter (mm) 300 600 900 300 600 900 300 600 900 300 600 900 Distance Coverage (km) 100 90 80 120 110 100 150 130 110 200 180 160
SLIDE 8
Technical Data Sheet
Themark Corporation
Density 1.10~1.12g/mL Viscosity 1mPa·s Applicable Temp -50°C~100°C Toxicity Nontoxic; Environmentally Friendly Breakdown 400ºC Acidity Neutral Odor Nearly Odorless Color Yellow Liquid
SLIDE 9
Effect on Pipeline Operation
Themark Corporation
No corrosion on pipeline wall
- 1. Weight loss after treatment ω=(W0-W)/(S×D) 0.00 m/d
SLIDE 10
Effect on Pipeline Operation
Themark Corporation
No corrosion on pipeline wall
- 2. Electro-chemical result:
No corrosion
SLIDE 11
Effect on Pipeline Operation
Themark Corporation
No detrimental effect on natural gas quality The nonvolatility of the DRA prevents it from entering the natural gas. Its small-molecule hydrocarbon solvent is combustible (combusted product is the same to that of natural gas). No side effect for the natural gas quality.
SLIDE 12
Effect on Pipeline Operation
Themark Corporation
No side effect to natural gas compressor Soaking the whole compressor into DRA solutions for 90 days leads to no change in all aspects, e.g. shape, me- chanical strength, resilience etc. Residual DRA (1.3×10-10 of the natural gas) can be readily separated and has no effect on the compressor.
SLIDE 13
Effect on Pipeline Operation
Themark Corporation
No effects on internal wall of pipeline Soaking the filmed pipeline coupons into the DRA solution leads to no change in coupon weight, color, resilience and mechanical strength.
SLIDE 14
Effect on Pipeline Operation
Themark Corporation
Third-party Toxicity Study The DRA is nontoxic and nonvolatile. It does not enter the natural gas, and leads no side effects on the natural gas.
SLIDE 15
Effect on Pipeline Operation
Themark Corporation
No effects on post-transport treatment Adding DRA into to carbon and sulphur removing solution leads no change.
Methyldiethanolamine diethanolamine: H2O 40: 5: 55 (Carbon and sulphur removing agent)
Before After
SLIDE 16
Effect on Pipeline Operation
Themark Corporation Triglycol (dehydrating agent)
No effects on post-transport treatment Adding DRA to natural gas dehydrating agent leads no change to the dehydrating agent.
Before After
SLIDE 17
Field Test
Themark Corporation No detrimental effects of DRA were found for transpiration, storage, post-treatment and refinery.
SLIDE 18
Field Test Design
Themark Corporation
Air Flow Pigging Process Normal Process Nozzle Air Flow Processing On-site with Specifications
- f Flange
Ball Valve High Pressure Hose Connected to Injection Site
Injector
SLIDE 19
Field Test
Themark Corporation Average friction resis- tance reduced by 19.5%. Increased transportation capacity: 11.5%.
Friction Resistance
SLIDE 20
Long-Distance Field Test
Themark Corporation
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Simple Application
Themark Corporation
Assembly of Injector
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Long-Distance Field Test
Themark Corporation
Field Results FRR:10% FRR:11% FRR:10% FRR:15%
FRR: Friction Resistance Reduction
SLIDE 23
Long-Distance Field Test
Themark Corporation Using an existing water-injector for DRA application (July to Oct 2011)
SLIDE 24
Themark Corporation
Long-Distance Field Test
Field Results
Pipeline No. 1 2 3 4 5 Distance (km) 18.1 18.95 54.25 13.65 18.05 Yes Friction Reduction 15.6% 10.2% 15.1% 5.0% 4.1% Duration 75 days 75 days 75 days 75 days 75 days
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Themark Corporation