Native Americans EDFI 4080 Alyssa, Josh, Melissa, JP, Beth, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Native Americans EDFI 4080 Alyssa, Josh, Melissa, JP, Beth, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Native Americans EDFI 4080 Alyssa, Josh, Melissa, JP, Beth, Betsy History 1492 - The first European encounter with Native Americans. From the 15th through the 19th Tuliap students in school uniform pose behind 2 priests,


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SLIDE 1

Native Americans

EDFI 4080

Alyssa, Josh, Melissa, JP, Beth, Betsy

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SLIDE 2

History

  • 1492 - The first European encounter

with Native Americans.

  • From the 15th through the 19th

centuries, the population of Native Americans declined.

  • 1790 - The first U.S.
  • March 26, 1804 U.S. Government
  • 1823 - Johnson v. McIntosh Supreme Court

decision

  • 1829-1909 – Geronimo: Apache Indian

Chief

  • Tuliap students in school uniform pose behind 2 priests, Washington State,

ca.1865.

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History

  • 1830 - On May 28th, the Indian Removal Act was passed
  • 1831 & 1832 - Two U.S. Supreme Court cases change the

nature of tribal sovereignty

  • 1862 - Congress passes the Homestead Act
  • 18??–1877 – Cochise: Apache Chief
  • 1871 – Indian Appropriation Act
  • 19th century, forced assimilation. Motto: “Kill the

Indian, save the man.”

  • 1893– Indian Education Act
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History

  • 1917 –Native Americans & WWI
  • 1924 – Indian Citizen Act
  • 1965-1973 – Native Americans & Vietnam War
  • 1980 - United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians –

U.S. Supreme Court ruling

  • 1996 - National American Indian Heritage Month
  • Sovereignty: a body of people composed of one or

more nationalities usually with its own territory and government.

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American Indian Boarding Schools:

  • The Struggle for Educating Native

American Children in Today’s Public School Systems

  • In 1878 Captain Richard H. Pratt
  • pened the first American Indian

boarding school, located in Carlisle, Pennsylvania.

  • Upon arrival at the schools the children

were immediately submersed into a whole new lifestyle.

  • The independence that students

acquired through learning their specified trades, as well as by being separated from their families and homes, turned many students against their parents.

  • The inequality that Native Americans

experienced through American Indian boarding schools is difficult to understand, but doing so will allow for a better connection between public school educators and Native American families.

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There are five things that educators need to know regarding Native American students.

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Native American Population

2,419,895 1% 304,374,846 99% U.S. Census Bureau 2006-2008 Community Survey

NATIVE AMERICAN U.S. TOTAL

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Native American Family Poverty

U.S. Census Bureau 2006-2008 Community Survey

79% 21%

Total of families Below Poverty Level

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Native American Population by State

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Native American Employment Rates

TOTAL IN LABOR FORCE 60.30% EMPLOYED, 52.60% UNEMPLOYED, 12%

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High School Graduation Rate 2000 U.S. Census

Native Americans 25 yrs & older 58% High School Graduate 42%

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Higher Education 2000 U.S. Census

Native Americans 25 yrs & older 89% Bachelor's Degree or Higher 11%

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Median Income 2000 U.S. Census

30,693 41,994

Native American Median Income U.S. Median Income

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Business Owners 2000 U.S. Census

22,974655 62,123 5.2% 20,677 .9% 110,278 4.8% 1,562,276 6.8% 6,478,852 28.2% Total Number

  • f Firms

African American Native Indian Asian Hispanic Women

Business Owners U.S. 2000 Census

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More Facts…

Languages

381,000 The number of people 5 years and older who speak a native North American language at home. The most common language is Navajo, spoken by 178,014.

(Source:<http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/phc-t20.html>)

Education

76% The percentage of American Indians and Alaska natives age 25 and older who have at least a high school diploma. Also, 14 percent have at least a bachelor’s degree. (Source:

American FactFinder)

Veterans

185,000 The number of American Indian and Alaska native veterans of the U.S. armed forces.

(Source: American FactFinder)

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Stereotyping

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Communication Styles

  • Respect boundaries
  • Natural order of things
  • Highly value listening
  • Silence denotes respect
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Gender Issues

Graduation Rates

  • 74% for males and 77% for female

College enrollment 2006 61% of Native American females 39% of Native American males Associates degrees awarded to Native Americans 60% of degrees given were to females 40% to males *The same statistic is true for bachelor’s degrees. Native American median income levels Male – 40,000 Female- 28,000

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Culture

  • Three obstacles to providing better instruction for and about American

Indians.

  • lack of training provided by teacher training programs
  • ongoing racist portrayals of Native Americans in the larger society
  • difficulties in locating sources of trustworthy materials.
  • Individual tribes have differing stories of Creation. One set of themes

found in some tribes describes that in the beginning, the world was populated by many people. Most were subsequently transformed into animals. Natives thus feel a close bond with animals because of their shared human ancestry.

  • Religious belief is grounded in the belief that anua (souls) exist in all

people and animals.

  • Consider peyote to be a sacred plant that allows them to communicate with

deceased relatives and with God and to treat people suffering from spiritual

  • r psychical maladies.
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Culture continued…

  • American Indian sports mascots – Negative portrayals by the Atlanta

Braves, Cleveland Indians, and Washington Redskins to name a few.

  • Dance – for special occasions like weddings or to celebrate the new harvest.
  • Legends - Native Americans are great storytellers. They have many legends.

They told stories that taught lessons and were passed from one generation to

  • another. These legends help save the culture and traditions of many tribes.
  • Medicine - Native Americans knew a lot about healing and natural medicine.

The medicine included herbs…and spirits! Native Americans believed that people should live in harmony with nature and you heal by returning people to that harmony. Most of the tribes had special "medicine" men and women who did the healing.

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…Culture

  • Pottery – a very old art usually made from clay.
  • Jewelry - The things tribes use for making jewelry were also used for
  • trading. They traded beads, shells, silver, turquoise and amber. There are two

types of jewelry: beadwork and metalwork. For beadwork, they carved shells, stones, copper, and wood. They beaded pieces of leather, their clothing and

  • decorations. Metal was mainly etched before European settlers came.
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Instructional Strategies

  • Understand Native Americans. Make sure you take in account that they are

very proud people and that their culture and way of life is very important to them.

  • Make accommodations for language.
  • Know that Native Americans think and learn a different way then other

cultures.

  • Ethno science is the methods, thought processes, mind sets values, concepts,

and experiences by which Native American groups understand, reflect, and

  • btain empirical knowledge about the natural world.
  • Try different ways to teach and make sure that Native Americans students will

benefit from it.

  • Do not stereotype. There are different types of Native Americans and each

have their own beliefs.

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References

Axelson, J.A. (1985). Counseling and development in a multicultural society.

  • Monterey. Brooks/Cole.

Demmert, W., & Towner, J. (2003). A review of the research literature on the influences

  • f culturally based education on the academics performance of Native American studies.

Retrieved March 2, 2010, from http://www.nwrel.org/indianed/cbe.pdf Diller, J. V., & Moule, J. (2005). Cultural competence: A primer for educators.

  • Belmont. Thomson Wadsworth.
  • Matters. (2010). The U.S. survey course on the web. “Kill the Indian, and save

the man”: Capt. Richard H. Pratt on the education of Native Americans. Retrieved April 20, 2010, from http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/4929/

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References

Holm, T. (2005). The great confusion in Indian affairs: Native Americans and whites in the progressive era. Austin: University of Texas Press. Legends of America. (2010). Native American timeline. Retrieved April 20, 2010, from http://www.legendsofamerica.com/na-timeline6.html National Center for Education Statistics. (2009). National Indian Education Study. The nation’s report card: Study overview. Retrieved April 17, 2010 from http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/nies/nies_2007/n0001.asp Reese, D. Critical perspectives of indigenous peoples in children's books, the school curriculum, popular culture, and society-at-large. American Indians in children’s

  • literature. Retrieved from http://americanindiansinchildrensliterature.com/

United Census Bureau (2008). Available. htp://factfinder.census.gov/servlet / ReferenceMapFramesetServlet

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References

Trabich, L. Native American genocide still haunts United States. An end to intolerance.

  • 1997. Vol.5. Retrieved April 18, 2010 from, http://iearn.org/hgp/aeti/aeti-1997/

native-americans.html U.S. Census Bureau (2008). Available. htp://factfinder.census.gov/servlet / ReferenceMapFramesetServlet www.alternativespirituality.suite101.com/article.cfm/peyote_cactus_in_native_american_tr aditions www.religioustolerance.org/nataspir3.htm www.hanksville.org/storytellers/pewe/writing/Fluff.html www.library.thinkquest.org/04oct/00019/id37.htm