Nanotechnology at NSF in the International Context Mihail C. Roco - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Nanotechnology at NSF in the International Context Mihail C. Roco - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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2000 2030 2020 2010 nano 1 NBIC 2 Nanotechnology at NSF in the International Context Mihail C. Roco National Science Foundation and National Nanotechnology Initiative 12 th US-Korea Nano Forum, Arlington, Virginia, October 5, 2015 Support

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SLIDE 1

nano1

2000 2010 2020 2030

NBIC2

Nanotechnology at NSF in the International Context

Mihail C. Roco

National Science Foundation and National Nanotechnology Initiative 12th US-Korea Nano Forum, Arlington, Virginia, October 5, 2015

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SLIDE 2

Support for a foundational S&T field

requires a long-view approach

  • 2000-2030 nanotechnology development in 3 stages
  • Nanocomponent basics (about 2000-2010)
  • System integration (2010-2020)
  • Technology divergence (2020-2030)
  • Statistics on NSF/NNI and international context

MC Roco, Oct 5 2015

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SLIDE 3

Nanobiomedicine Nanobiotechnology Synthetic biology Bio-photonics, …. Neuromorphic engng. Synapses to mind Smart environments, Cogno aid devices .. Nanobioinformatics DNA computing Proteomics, …. Brain simulation Cyber networking Personalized education.. Nanotechnology Spin-offs : Nanophotonics, plasmonics, materials genome, mesoscale S&E, metamaterials, nanofluidics, carbon electronics, nanosustainability, wood fibers, DNA NT, ..

Spin-

  • ffs

Spin-

  • ffs

Spin-

  • ffs

Spin-

  • ffs

Information Technology Spin-offs: Large databases, cyber-physical-social infrastructure, Internet

  • f Things, connected sensorial systems, topical computer-aided design, cyber networks, ...

Emergence of foundational N B I C

Roco & Bainbridge 2013 [Ref 1]

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SLIDE 4

Conceptualization of “Nanomanufacturing” and “Digital Technology” megatrends (S-curves)

(GAO-14-181SP Forum on Nanomanufacturing, Report to Congress, 2014)

  • A general purpose technology
  • Could eventually match or
  • utstrip the digital revolution

in terms of economic and societal impact once have been prepared the people, methods & infrastructure

~ 2010 2014 ~ 2% of GDP in US

( est. ~$400B, ~ 40% ann. rate in 20011-2014, Lux Research)

MC Roco, Oct 5 2015

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SLIDE 5

Global revenues from Nano-enabled products

2010 (2001-2010)* 2011** 2012** 2013 2010- 2013**

World revenues

339 (10 yr ~ 25%) 514 731

1,014

+ 676

US

109.8 (10 yr ~ 24%) 170.0 235.6

318.1

+ 208

World annual increase

10 yr ~ 25% 52% 42% 39%

44%

US annual increase

10 yr ~ 24% 55% 39% 35%

43%

US / World

32.4% 10 yr ~ 35% 33% 32% 31%

32%

MC Roco, Sept 29 2014

(All budgets in $ billion) Total nanotechnology product revenues annual growth > 40% in 2010-2013

MC Roco, Oct 5 2015

(*) Data from Nano 2 Report, 2011; (**) Data from Lux Research industry survey, Jan 2014

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SLIDE 6

Nanotechnology: from scientific curiosity to immersion in socioeconomic projects

2010

30 year vision to establish nanotechnology: changing focus and priorities

1999 nano1 (2001-2010) ( (2011-2020)

Reports available on: www.wtec.org/nano2/ and www.wtec.org/NBIC2-report/ (Refs. 2-5) Nano- Bio- IT- Cogno-

NBIC1 & 2 (2011-2030)

2001 2013

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SLIDE 7

Foundational research at the nanoscale 2000-2010

Active

Nanostructures 2000

nano1 Nanocomponent basics

2030 New socio-economic capabilities

,

2020-2030

nano3 Technology divergence

To general purpose technology 2010-2020

nano2 System integration

Passive

Nanostructures

Systems of

Nanosystems

Molecular

Nanosystems

NBIC Technology

Platforms

GENERATIONS OF NANOPRODUCTS

CREATING A GENERAL PURPOSE NANOTECHNOLOGY IN 3 STAGES

Nanosystem

  • Converg. Networks

MC Roco, Oct 5 2015

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SLIDE 8

NSF/NNI and the International Perspective

MC Roco, Oct 5 2015

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SLIDE 9

NSF HHS/NIH DHS NRC HHS/FDA CPSC ITC DOC/ USPTO HHS/CDC/ NIOSH DOC/BIS USDA/FS DOEd DOD DOE NASA DOC/NIST EPA DOT DOTr DOJ IC/DNI DOS USDA/NIFA USDA/ARS DOI/ USGS OMB OSTP DOC/EDA DOL

National Nanotechnology Initiative

Vision: control of matter at nanoscale will bring a revolution in technology for societal benefit

Impact of NNI in many areas / agencies

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SLIDE 10

Over 80 countries with nanotechnology programs

A truly global science endeavor; S-curve 2000-2030

MC Roco, Oct 5 2015

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1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

R&D FUNDING

(million $ / year)

  • W. Europe

Japan USA Others Total

1st Generation products passive nanostructures 2nd Generation active nanostructures

Seed funding

1991 - 1997

Rapid, uneven growth per countries. Increase role of BRIC countries

NNI Preparation vision/benchmark 3rd Generation nanosystems

Industry $ > Public $ (2006) NNI (2000) IWGN

International government R&D funding

For interval 2000-2012, after 2013 - increase use of new terms & platforms (using NNI definition, 81 countries, MCR direct contacts)

+ additional spin-off R&D investments

MC Roco, Oct 5 2015

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SLIDE 12

NSF – discovery, innovation and education in Nanoscale Science and Engineering (NSE)

www.nsf.gov/ nano , www.nano.gov

FY 2015 Budget: $412 million + other core

– Fundamental research > 5,000 active projects in all NSF directorates – Establishing the infrastructure 26 large centers, 2 general user facilities, teams – Training and education > 10,000 students and teachers/y; ~ $30M/y

2001- 2014 FYs 2000-2015: NSF total investment is $34.5 per capita (US)

MC Roco, Oct 5 2015

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SLIDE 13

Several NSF NSE awards in FY 2015

www.nsf.gov

  • National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure, NNCI
  • Scalable nanomanufacturing, SNM
  • Two-Dimensional Atomic-layer Research and Engineering,

2-DARE/EFRI (2 competitions)

  • NSE activities for Innovations at Nexus of Food, Energy, and

Water (“INFEWS”) and Understanding the Brain (“UtB”)

  • NSF Nanosystems Eng. Res. Center for Nanotechnology

Enabled Water Treatment Systems (NEWT) at Rice University

  • International nano-EHS collaboration: Communities of

Research (http://us-eu.org/); Collaborative SIINN

  • Nanotechnology Undergraduate Education, NUE
  • Translational: GOALI; I/UCRP; PFI; Nano-ERC; I-Corps

MC Roco, Oct 5 20145

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AK - 0 16 49 HI - 1 13 2 80 48 10 14 6 ---------------MA - 102 7 --------MD - 44 5 54 21 17 7 2 50 2 14 33 ------------------NH - 13 ------------------NJ - 47 11 3 141 64 8 23 105 PR - 5 204 --------RI - 23 22 3 25 103 15 41 2 29 30 41 7 3 ------------CT - 27 -----------------------DC - 16 ------------DE - 17 45

  • No. NEW Awards FY 2015

<= 7 7 - 15 15 - 25 25 - 45 45 - 64 64 - 204

Numbers of NEW NS&E Awards by State FY 2015

Total NEW Awards = 1,670

AK 0; AL 16; AR 7; AZ 33; CA 204; CO 41; CT 27; DC 16; DE 17; FL 45; GA 49; HI 1; IA 13; ID 2; IL 80; IN 48; KS 10; KY 14; LA 6; MA 102; MD 44; ME 5; MI 54; MN 21; MO 17; MS 7; MT 2; NC 50; ND 2; NE 14; NH 13; NJ 47; NM 11; NV 3; NY 141; OH 64; OK 8; OR 23; PA 105; PR 5; RI 23; SC 22; SD 3; TN 25; TX 103; UT 15; VA 41; VT 2; WA 29; WI 30; WV 7; WY 3

NSF’s NSE number of new awards per state

FY 2015: U.S. total new awards = 1,670

(total active awards = 7,843)

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SLIDE 15

AK - $0 $1.10$4.65 HI - $0.06 $1.81 $0.66 $4.49 $3.16 $2.65 $1.88 $0.41 ------MA - $10.17 $7.47 ------MD - $2.42 $1.18 $2.17 $6.17 $1.24 $2.58 $3.36 $2.88 $0.77 $9.25 $3.05 ------NH - $3.88 ------------------NJ - $4.1 $3.83 $0.41 $3.78 $3.66 $0.76 $1.66 $5.08 PR - $0.58 $2.67 -------RI - $8.64 $2.30 $1.09 $1.21 $2.26 $1.25 $2.07 ---------------------VT - $0.53 $2.63 $5.33 $5.59 $1.65 $1.87 ---------CT - $3.04 ----------------------DC - $6.57 ------------DE - $6.82 $0.84

Per Capita NEW FY15 Nano$ <= 1.09 1.09 - 1.81 1.81 - 2.58 2.58 - 3.66 3.66 - 5.33 5.33 - 10.17

Per Capita NANO AMOUNT for NEW AWARDS FY 2015

Average Per Capita NEW Total Amount = $3.06 Median = $2.36

AK 0; AL 1.1; AR 7.47; AZ 3.05; CA 2.67; CO 5.59; CT 3.04; DC 6.57; DE 6.82; FL 0.84; GA 4.65; HI 0.06; IA 1.81; ID 0.66; IL 4.49; IN 3.16; KS 2.65; KY 1.88; LA 0.41; MA 10.17; MD 2.42; ME 1.18; MI 2.17; MN 6.17; MO 1.24; MS 2.58; MT 3.36; NC 2.88; ND 0.77; NE 9.25; NH 3.88; NJ 4.1; NM 3.83; NV 0.41; NY 3.78; OH 3.66; OK 0.76; OR 1.66; PA 5.08; PR 0.58; RI 8.64; SC 2.3; SD 1.09; TN 1.21; TX 2.26; UT 1.25; VA 2.07; VT 0.53; WA 2.63; WI 5.33; WV 1.65; WY 1.87

NSF’s NSE amount new awards per capita, by state FY 2015: U.S. average amount = $3.06 / capita

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SLIDE 16

AK - $6.34 $32.64 $21.39 HI - $2.3 $21.35 $15.10 $44.39 $36.88 $17.62 $15.70 $17.13 ------MA - $110.71 $21.68 ------MD - $41.41 $9.68 $24.32 $27.89 $14.83 $15.83 $24.79 $31.44 $34.46 $42.59 $29.42 ------NH - $17.92 ------------------NJ - $22.27 $25.63 $8.28 $61.60 $27.00 $18.07 $23.14 $44.18 PR - $17.61 $37.95 -------RI - $81.83 $18.38 $43.39 $14.46 $18.47 $29.83 $22.39 ------------------VT - $22.46 $26.28 $38.58 $50.16 $22.19 $20.45 ---------CT - $32.11 ----------------------DC - $110.2 ------------DE - $62.46 $11.34

PerCap NEW NANO$ FY00-14 <= 15.7 15.7 - 20.45 20.45 - 24.32 24.32 - 31.44 31.44 - 43.39 43.39 - 110.7

AK 6.34; AL 32.64; AR 21.68; AZ 29.42; CA 37.95; CO 50.16; CT 32.11; DC 110.2; DE 62.46; FL 11.34; GA 21.39; HI 2.3; IA 21.35; ID 15.1; IL 44.39; IN 36.88; KS 17.62; KY 15.7; LA 17.13; MA 110.71; MD 41.41; ME 9.68; MI 24.32; MN 27.89; MO 14.83; MS 15.83; MT 24.79; NC 31.44; ND 34.46; NE 42.59; NH 17.92; NJ 22.27; NM 25.63; NV 8.28; NY 61.6; OH 27; OK 18.07; OR 23.14; PA 44.18; PR 17.61; RI 81.83; SC 18.38; SD 43.39; TN 14.46; TX 18.47; UT 29.83; VA 22.39; VT 22.46; WA 26.28; WI 38.58; WV 22.19; WY 20.45

NSF’s NS&E amount new awards per capita

FYs 2000 - 2014: U.S. average amount = $31.5 / capita

#1 MA $110.71/capita

MC Roco, Oct 5 2015

2015: Over 6,000 active awards (abstracts on www.nsf.gov/nano)

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SLIDE 17

2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000 22,000 24,000 26,000 28,000 30,000 32,000 34,000 36,000 38,000 40,000 42,000 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

# of publications USA Japan EU27 P .R. China Korea

Nanotechnology publications in the WoS: 1990 - 2014

“Title-abstract” search for nanotechnology by keywords for six regions (update of NANO2, Fig 1 (Ref. 3) using the method described in (Ref. 6))

2000 - 2014 Worldwide annual growth rate ~ 16%

U.S./World ~ 29.5% in 2001-2005 U.S./World ~ 19% in 2014

Rapid, uneven growth per countries

MC Roco, Oct 5 2015

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SLIDE 18

Percentage of world share of citations

  • f paper publications in WoS

Nanotechnology citations in 10 nano-specialized journals WoS in March 2013

“Title-abstract” search for nanotechnology by keywords (update Chen and Roco (Ref.6)

U.S. citations in 10 journals from 51% in 2004 to 33% in 2010

U.S. ~ 51% in 2000 U.S. ~ 33% in 2010 EU ~ 28% in 2000 EU ~ 21% in 2010

EU27

MC Roco, Oct 5 2015

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SLIDE 19

0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00% 80.00% 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

USA Japan P.R. China Germany France Korea

19

* Started to use Combined Keywords from 2014

U.S. leads with about 66% (at least one author from US)

Five countries’ contributions to Top 3 Journals

(Nature, Science, PNAS) in 2014, by individual journals

USA Germany

MC Roco, Oct 5 2015

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SLIDE 20

Number of nanotechnology patent applications per year published annually (1991-2014)

5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

Number of Patent Applications Year

All applications Non-overlapping applications

Year All applications Non-overlapping Applications 1991 1991 224 224 224 224 2001 2001 2,163 2,163 2095 2095 2014 2014 21,678 21,678 20,062 20,062

Longitudinal evolution of the total number of nanotechnology patent applications in the 15 repositories per year (‘‘title-abstract search by keywords’’ 1991–2014). Data was obtained from UA’s NSE database (crawled from Espacenet).

MC Roco, Oct 5 2015

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Nanotechnology Global Patent Statistics (First-Occurring Patent Publications): Top-5 Countries, Relative Percent of Total

Derwent World Patents Index with extension abstracts (WPIX): by First-named Inventor, patent publications 1986- June 2015)

0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 35.0% 40.0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 UNITED STATES CHINA JAPAN SOUTH KOREA GERMANY

UNITED STATES 24.4%

JAPAN, 10.3%

CHINA

17.7%

SOUTH KOREA, 7.9%

GERMANY, 4.2%

Nanotechnology Patents evaluated by USPTO

MC Roco, Oct 5 2015

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0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 11% 12% 13% 14% 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

NSF-NSE Award/Paper/Patent Percentage Year

Top 20 Journals' Nano Paper Percentage 3 Selected Journals' Nano Paper Percentage Title-claim Search's Nano Paper Percentage NSF Nano New Award Percentage Revenues Market / GDP

Documents searched by keywords in the title/ abstract/ claims

  • Est. Market / US GDP: 2014 ~ 2% ; 2016 ~ 3% ; 2020 ~ 7% (if 25% market growth rate)

Percentage rate of penetration of nanotechnology in NSF awards, WoS papers and USPTO patents (1991-2013)

(update Encyclopedia Nanoscience, Roco, 2014) 2013 Top 20 nano J. ~ 12% 2013 NSF grants ~ 12% 2013 All journals ~ 5% 2013 USPTO patents ~ 1.9%

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SLIDE 23

R&D focus:

Foundational interdisciplinary research at nanoscale

Major global changes in:

Infrastructure, Workforce, Partnerships

Nano 1 (2001-2010)

MC Roco, Oct 5 2015

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Examples for Nano 1 (2001-2010)

  • New individual phenomena, processes, structures
  • Semi-empirical synthesis
  • f nanocomponents (particle,

quantum dots, tubes, coatings,..)

  • ver all the periodic table
  • Nanocomponents have extended

semiconductor’s Moore’s law since 2000

First quantum device

Aaron O'Connell and Andrew Cleland, UCSB, 2010

Synthesis mechanism

  • B. Yacobson et al, PNAS, 2009

Quantum effect repulsion force

Federico Capasso, Harvard University

MC Roco, Sept.22 2015

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R&D focus:

NS&E system integration for general purpose technology

Main global changes in:

New disciplines, New industries, Societal impact

Nano 2 (2011-2020)

MC Roco, Oct 5 2015

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Examples for Nano 2 (2011-2020)

  • Simultaneous nanoscale phenomena
  • Direct measurements & simulations

(at femtosecond, N interacting atoms) for domains of biological and engineering relevance

  • Science based integrated nanosystems by design

UIUC: Nanofluidics system (2011) Atomic and femtosecond resolutions . A. Zewail, Caltech NCSU: Nanosystem for health and environmental monitoring (2014) IBM: 12-atom structure (2012)

MC Roco, Oct 5 2015

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SLIDE 27

Modular Nanosystems

Example: using 2D electronic materials

Courtesy Kaustav Banerji (UCSB)

MC Roco, Oct 5 2015

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SLIDE 28

http://nanoinformatics.org/2015/agenda/

MC Roco, Oct 5 2015

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SLIDE 29

FY 2015 NS&E Priorities Research Areas (1)

The long-term objective is systematic understanding, control and restructuring of matter at the nanoscale for societal benefit

  • A. Scientific challenges
  • New theories at nanoscale

Ex: transition from quantum to classical physics, collective behavior, for simultaneous phenomena

  • Non-equilibrium processes
  • Designing new molecules with engineered functions
  • New architectures for assemblies of nanocomponents
  • The emergent behavior of nanosystems

MC Roco, Oct 5 2015

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SLIDE 30

FY 2015 NS&E Priorities Research Areas (2)

  • B. Investigative and Transformative Methods
  • Tools for measuring and restructuring

with atomic precision and time resolution of chemical reactions

  • Understanding and use of quantum phenomena
  • Understanding and use of multi-scale selfassembling
  • Nanobiotechnology – sub-cellular and systems approach
  • Nanomanufacturing hybrid, on site
  • Systems nanotechnology

MC Roco, Oct 5 2015

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SLIDE 31

Sustainable Nanomanufacturing Nanoelectronics for 2020 and Beyond Nanotechnology for Solar Energy Nanotechnology for Sensors and Sensors for Nanotechnology Nanotechnology Knowledge Infrastructure New topics under consideration after 2015:

nanomodular systems, water filtration, nanocellulose, nanophotonics, nano-city…

Nanotechnology Signature Initiatives

National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI), 2011-2015 (www.nano.gov)

MC Roco, Oct 5 2015

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The National Network for Manufacturing Innovation (NNMI) – 7 year plans

Experiment in ecosystem establishment in “valley of death” All the institutes will deal with nanotechnology to some extent Current list - 8 institutes (http://manufacturing.gov/ ):

  • National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Institute (DoD/DOE) FY12
  • Digital Manufacturing and Design Innovation (DoD) FY14
  • Lightweight and Modern Metals Manufacturing (DoD) FY14
  • Next Generation Power Electronics Manufacturing (DOE) FY14
  • Clean Energy Manufacturing Innovation Institute for Composites

Materials and Structures (DOE) FY15

  • Photonics (DoD) FY15
  • Hybrid Flexible Electronics (DoD) FY15
  • Revolutionary Fibers and Textiles (DoD) FY16

MC Roco, Oct 5 2015

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SLIDE 33

Twelve global trends to 2020

10 year perspective, www.wtec.org/nano2/

  • Theory, modeling & simulation: x1000 faster, essential design
  • “Direct” measurements – x6000 brighter, accelerate R&D&use
  • A shift from “passive” to “active” nanostructures/nanosystems
  • Nanosystems- some self powered,self repairing, dynamic, APM
  • Penetration of nanotechnology in industry - toward mass use;

catalysts, electronics; innovation– platforms, consortia

  • Nano-EHS – more predictive, integrated with nanobio & env.
  • Personalized nanomedicine - from monitoring to treatment
  • Photonics, electronics, magnetics – new integrated capabilities
  • Energy photosynthesis, storage use – solar economic
  • Enabling and integrating with new areas – bio, info, cognition
  • Earlier preparing nanotechnology workers – system integration
  • Governance of nano for societal benefit - institutionalization

MC Roco, Oct 5 2015

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SLIDE 34

R&D Focus:

New convergence platforms & economy immersion

Main global changes in:

Socioeconomic NBIC platforms, capabilities & projects

Nano 3 (2021-2030)

MC Roco, Oct 5 2015

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SLIDE 35

Overlapping S-curves: Successive breakthroughs in nanostructure system architectures and convergence

Single atom- single photon memory cells Example (Harvard U.)

To Nano 3

MC Roco, Oct 5 2015

2014

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SLIDE 36
  • Ex. R&D drivers for Nano 3 (2021-2030)
  • New system architectures: guided self-assembling

structures, evolutionary architectures, biomimetics--based, biorobotics-based, neuromorphic, adiabatic switching and reversible logic for IT, … to be invented.

  • Nano-Bio-Info-Cognition

technology platforms

  • Service and molecular medicine individualized
  • Genetic – neurotechnologies – cognition - robotics - ..

to improve human potential

  • High productivity - high return new industry sectors

MC Roco, Oct 5 2015

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SLIDE 37

Ten related publications

1. “The new world of discovery, invention, and innovation: convergence of knowledge, technology and society” (Roco & Bainbridge, JNR 2013a, 15) 2. NANO1: “Nanotechnology research directions: Vision for the next decade” (Springer, 316p, 2000) 3. NANO2: “Nanotechnology research directions for societal needs in 2020” (Springer, 690p, 2011a) 4. NBIC1: “Converging technologies for improving human performance: nano-bio- info-cognition” (Springer, 468p, 2003) 5. NBIC2: “Convergence of knowledge, technology and society: Beyond NBIC” (Springer, 604p, 2013b) 6. “Mapping nanotechnology innovation and knowledge: global and longitudinal patent and literature” (Chen & Roco, Springer, 330p, 2009) 7. “Global nanotechnology development from 1991 to 2012” (Chen .., JNR 2013c) 8. “Principles and methods that facilitate convergence” (Roco, Springer, Handbook of S&T Convergence, 2015) 9. “NBIC” (Roco, Springer, Handbook of S&T Convergence, 2015)

  • 10. Two nano websites: www.nano.gov/publications-resources; www.nsf.gov/nano

(4 reports with R&D recommendations for 2020)