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Nanoparticles and nanosafety
By
Antonietta M. Gatti , S. Montanari* Laboratory of Biomaterials, Nanodiagnostics*
University of Modena and Reggio Emilia LABORATORY OF BIOMATERIALS
Nanoparticles and nanosafety By Antonietta M. Gatti , S. Montanari* - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Nanoparticles and nanosafety By Antonietta M. Gatti , S. Montanari* - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
European Commission University of Modena and Reggio Emilia LABORATORY OF BIOMATERIALS Nanoparticles and nanosafety By Antonietta M. Gatti , S. Montanari* Laboratory of Biomaterials, Nanodiagnostics* ICNT2005, S.Francisco is the branch of
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is the branch of learning that deals with how the organism reacts to the presence of micro- and nano-particles
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ESEM ESEM
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Nano-toxicity of Co, Ni, SiO2, ZrO2 and PVC has already been evaluated from different standpoints :
In-vitro tests
Clinical results
In-vivo tests
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Nanoparticles
- - Cobalt (Co)
- - Nickel (Ni)
- - PVC
- - Titanium Oxide (TiO2)
- - Silicon Oxide (SiO2)
- - Zirconium Oxide (ZrO2)
Metals Polymer Ceramics
Sizes ranging from 40 up to 200nm
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In-vitro tests
HepG2 Caco-2 U937
Monocyte/Macrophages Gut Epithelial cells Liver Epithelial cells 3-dimensional angiogenesis cell coltures
- Univ. of Mainz, D
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Co SiO2 TiO2 PVC ZrO2 Ni C 12.5 12.5 25.0 25.0 50.0 50.0 100.0 100.0 200.0 200.0 400.0 400.0
20 40 60 80 100 120
mg/10 mg/106 cells cells % % living living cells cells
Macrophage Survival
by Boraschi
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TiO2
Co nano-particles used at non-toxic concentrations IL-1Ra (ng/106 cells)
10 15 5
IL-1β (pg/106 cells)
10 20 40 30 50 60 medium medium TiO2 Co Co
IL-1β IL-1Ra
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TLR4 CD14
Receptor expression (Arbitrary Units)
medium TiO2 Co
Co nanoparticles inhibit macrophage reactivity to bacterial challenge
by Boraschi
TiO2
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10 20 30
10 20 30
1 20 30
110 20 30
110 20 30
10 20 30/0 10 20 30/0 10 20 30/0 10 20 30/0 10 20 30/0 10 20 30/0 10 10 20 30/0 10 20 30/0 10 20 30 20 30
mRNA mRNA expression expression ( (arbitrary arbitrary units units) )
TLR2 TLR1 TLR6 TLR4 CD14 MD-2 TLR3 TLR7 TLR8 TLR5 TLR9 IL-1RI IL-1RII IL-1RAcP IL-18Rα IL-18Rβ
medium medium SiO SiO2
2
Co Co TiO TiO2 ZrO ZrO2
2
by Boraschi
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Nano-particles do not affect cell survival or proliferation
- nly Co nano-particles are toxic at >100 mg/106 cells
Co nano-particles inhibit expression of LPS receptors TLR4 and CD14 - down-regulation of mRNA expression for TLR4 and CD14, the two receptor chains which recognise bacterial lipopolysaccharide and activate macrophage defence functions Co nano-particles impair macrophages activation by bacterial LPS - negligible cytokine production
THUS: IN THE PRESENCE OF CO NANO-PARTICLES, MACROPHAGES BECOME UNABLE TO MOUNT APPROPRIATE DEFENCE TO BACTERIAL CHALLENGE DANGER OF INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTIONS
Conclusions
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Ni Group : nodules observed on both sides (particles + bulk material) in all animals 6 months after implantation Co Group : Nodules observed on the left side (nanoparticles IM) in all cases 8 months after implantation – nothing on the right side (bulk material implanted SC)
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Mechanisms of entrance of nanoparticles into the human body
Respiratory system Blood circulation
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Mechanisms of entrance of nanoparticles into the human body
Digestive system Lymph circulation
Polluted food
Size <20m
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Cross section of a thrombus formed in vivo at low magnification with the EDS spectrum
- f the elements
V 27-2
200 m
Ref efer eren ence sample mple
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Pulmonary Mesothelioma
Fibers of asbestos
123 TS
10 m 10 m 10 m 2 m
in in kV
Pearls of Iron proteinate
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Nanoparticles of a Lead compound in the lung. The patient was affected by a multiorgan granulomatosis
20 E
10 m
kV A. A.U.
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O Zr Zr 7
Gastric adenocarcinoma Stomach biopsy
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Cancerogenic tissue of the colon with aggregates of nanoparticles of Silver-Magnesium
DC 3
kV A. A.U.
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Cancerogenic tissue of colon with an aggregate of particles of Silver-Molibdenum
IT 4 c
kV A. A.U.
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Nanoparticles of Gold in a liver granuloma. The patient was treated with colloidal gold particles for knee arthrosis
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AP 6
Liver affected by cryoptogenic granuloma with micro debris of calcium-sulphate and clusters of nanoparticles of a silicate
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Nanoparticles in a soldier’s kidney affected by the Gulf-War Syndrome
Cluster of nano Hg-Se Hg Se
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Cluster of nanoparticles of a Lead compound found in a lymph node in a non- Hodgkin lymphoma
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175 BH
5 m
Section of a lymph- node in a civilian of Sarajevo affected by Hodgkin Disease (FEG-Quanta)
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292
BLOOD
Soldier’s wife affected by Burning Semen disease Red cells
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99 GW
Bladder cancer with Cobalt & Tungsten
10 m 2 m
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Cancerogenic liver tissue with nanoparticles
- f Titanium inside a cell nucleous
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Fe
Liver cancer
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Malformed lamb born inside a groundfire in Sardinia, 2003
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Live ver Test sticl cle
291CA
Brain
Internal organs of the malformaed foetus
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20 m
spermatozoon Nanoparticle of Lead
ESEM analysis of an alive spermatozoon inside the plasma
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Particle of Antimony- Cobalt found in a soldier’s sperm
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Can nanoparticles have a pathological meaning to the human health ? Evidence says: YES Are the normal cell defence reactions still valid? Evidence says: NO What is the interaction nanodust/organism (humans, animals, bacteria, proteins, viruses)? ????
After an experience of 400 cases of human cancer analyzed we can state:
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Environmental Environmental pollution pollution
Food Food
Industrial pollution
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