DVD #10 – “Magma: The Building Mush of Rocks ” Gary Oberts, Oct.26, 2018 Part 1 – Kīlauea – current summary and preview of DVD #12 next spring Part 2 – DVD terms review 1.
“Pele is very much in control.” Hawaii Co. Division of Boating and Ocean Recreation Manager 2.
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Area of new Pu’u ‘ Ō’ō 2018 flows 4.
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1) Kiluaea summit system with Halema'uma’u and Pu‘u ‘ Ō‘ō craters 6.
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Halema'uma’u Crater explosion, June 6, 2018 9.
Halema'uma’u Crater post-explosion 10.
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2) Lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) LERZ 12.
Fissure #8 13.
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Before and after satellite images of the Fissure 8 area in Leilani Estates 2014 Early Sept. 2018 Credit: USGS 22.
High viscosity Low viscosity 23.
Basaltic, ʻ A ʻ ā lava 24.
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At 100 m 3 /sec (With flow velocities of 3- 23 ft/sec) 7.5 times/day (Every 3.18 hours) 26.
3) Ocean Inflow 27.
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Kapoho Bay – before and after 30.
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Videos Source: US Defense News https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cIq43-NkLlo 33.
Source: USGS – Hawaii Volcano Observatory http://www.bigislandvideonews.com/2018/06/13/video- drone-captures-dramatic-drop-at-kilauea-summit/ 34.
Source: USGS – Hawaii Volcano Observatory http://www.bigislandvideonews.com/2018/07/26/video-eruption- update-collapse-event-occurs-during-conference-call/ 35.
Q&A Resource Links: https://volcanoes.usgs.gov • US Geological Survey (USGS) https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/ • USGS Hawaii Volcano Observatory (HVO) http://www.bigislandvideonews.com • Big Island Video News (**daily updates and videos since late April) 36.
Good videos but not used NOTE: Use #15 and 16 for flow, etc. **Below link to NPS 5 Min. **15) video > “2018 Kil. Eruption http://www.bigislandvideonews.com/20 Update” covering pre-May 18/06/16/video-8-am-eruption-update- event through June14 vog-spreads-disaster-recovery-center- open/ https://www.nps.gov/havo/pla - good 2 min. of flow and some into nyourvisit/lava2.htm ocean (no Fiss 8) **16) http://www.bigislandvideonews.com/20 18/06/16/video-8-am-eruption-update- vog-spreads-disaster-recovery-center- open/ - good 2:11 including Fiss. 8, ocean and channel
Ex. 1500°C at 350 km and 13,000 *Mpa (~1.9M psi) “Geotherm” – a line or surface of actual temperature in the Earth as a function of depth and pressure 2. *Mpa = megapascal
“solid” – The temperature is not high enough to allow any melt. “solidus” – The temperature at which rock will begin to melt at a particular depth. “liquidus” – The temperature at which all of the rock will melt. Note: in one mass of earthen material (like magma), all forms could be present. 3.
Factors determining magma character: 1) Composition – geochemical make-up i. Basalt dominant, lower Si, (Hawaii, ocean ridges) ii. Rhyolite/andesite, higher Si (Cascades, subduction zones) 2) Viscosity – thickness or stickiness of flow i. High = thicker, explosive (Yellowstone, Cascades) ii. Low = more fluid-like, flows easily (Hawaii) 3) SiO 4 (tetrahedron) content i. High = locked tightly, builds pressure ii. Low = flows easier, less constrained 4) Temperature i. High = atoms oscillate, weaker bonds, less pressure ii. Low = pressure builds to explosive 5) Water content i. High = flows easier, lower pressure, separates Si tetrahedron, BUT also can cool magma to increase pressure ii. Low = viscosity increase, higher pressure 4.
Interesting features: Pele’s Hair
Blue flames from trapped methane
Lavanado – heat driven vortex flow
First stage: May 3 – May 28, 2018
Second stage: May 29 - June 15, 2018
Final stage: June 16 – Aug. 14, 2018
Note - last one of these on this website – keep checking but this could be max. extent of lava flow
Last thermal map with a gray (warm) flow-line being noted – likely just sub-surface flow
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