Mush of Rocks Gary Oberts, Oct.26, 2018 Part 1 Klauea current - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Mush of Rocks Gary Oberts, Oct.26, 2018 Part 1 Klauea current - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 12, 2023 210 likes •799 views

DVD #10 Magma: The Building Mush of Rocks Gary Oberts, Oct.26, 2018 Part 1 Klauea current summary and preview of DVD #12 next spring Part 2 DVD terms review 1. Pele is very much in control. Hawaii Co.

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DVD #10 – “Magma: The Building Mush of Rocks”

Gary Oberts, Oct.26, 2018 Part 1 – Kīlauea – current summary and preview of DVD #12 next spring Part 2 – DVD terms review

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“Pele is very much in control.” Hawaii Co. Division of Boating and Ocean Recreation Manager

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Pu’u ‘Ō’ō Area of new 2018 flows 4.

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1) Kiluaea summit system with Halema'uma’u and Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō craters

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Halema'uma’u Crater explosion, June 6, 2018

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Halema'uma’u Crater post-explosion

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2) Lower East Rift Zone (LERZ)

LERZ 12.

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Fissure #8

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Credit: USGS

Before and after satellite images of the Fissure 8 area in Leilani Estates

Early Sept. 2018 2014 22.

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High viscosity Low viscosity 23.

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Basaltic, ʻAʻā lava

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7.5 times/day

(Every 3.18 hours)

At 100 m3/sec

(With flow velocities of 3- 23 ft/sec)

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3) Ocean Inflow

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Kapoho Bay – before and after

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Videos

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cIq43-NkLlo

Source: US Defense News

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http://www.bigislandvideonews.com/2018/06/13/video- drone-captures-dramatic-drop-at-kilauea-summit/

Source: USGS – Hawaii Volcano Observatory

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http://www.bigislandvideonews.com/2018/07/26/video-eruption- update-collapse-event-occurs-during-conference-call/

Source: USGS – Hawaii Volcano Observatory

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Q&A

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Resource Links:

  • https://volcanoes.usgs.gov

US Geological Survey (USGS)

  • https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/

USGS Hawaii Volcano Observatory (HVO)

  • http://www.bigislandvideonews.com

Big Island Video News (**daily updates and videos since late April)

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NOTE: Use #15 and 16 for flow, etc. **15) http://www.bigislandvideonews.com/20 18/06/16/video-8-am-eruption-update- vog-spreads-disaster-recovery-center-

  • pen/
  • good 2 min. of flow and some into
  • cean (no Fiss 8)

**16) http://www.bigislandvideonews.com/20 18/06/16/video-8-am-eruption-update- vog-spreads-disaster-recovery-center-

  • pen/
  • good 2:11 including Fiss. 8, ocean and

channel Good videos but not used **Below link to NPS 5 Min. video > “2018 Kil. Eruption Update” covering pre-May event through June14 https://www.nps.gov/havo/pla nyourvisit/lava2.htm

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“Geotherm” – a line or surface of actual temperature in the Earth as a function of depth and pressure

  • Ex. 1500°C at

350 km and 13,000 *Mpa (~1.9M psi) 2. *Mpa = megapascal

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3.

“solid” – The temperature is not high enough to allow any melt. “solidus” – The temperature at which rock will begin to melt at a particular depth. “liquidus” – The temperature at which all

  • f the rock will melt.

Note: in one mass of earthen material (like magma), all forms could be present.

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Factors determining magma character:

1) Composition – geochemical make-up i. Basalt dominant, lower Si, (Hawaii, ocean ridges) ii. Rhyolite/andesite, higher Si (Cascades, subduction zones) 2) Viscosity – thickness or stickiness of flow i. High = thicker, explosive (Yellowstone, Cascades)

  • ii. Low = more fluid-like, flows easily (Hawaii)

3) SiO4 (tetrahedron) content i. High = locked tightly, builds pressure ii. Low = flows easier, less constrained 4) Temperature i. High = atoms oscillate, weaker bonds, less pressure ii. Low = pressure builds to explosive 5) Water content i. High = flows easier, lower pressure, separates Si tetrahedron, BUT also can cool magma to increase pressure ii. Low = viscosity increase, higher pressure

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Interesting features: Pele’s Hair

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Blue flames from trapped methane

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Lavanado – heat driven vortex flow

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First stage: May 3 – May 28, 2018

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Second stage: May 29 - June 15, 2018

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Final stage: June 16 – Aug. 14, 2018

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Note - last one of these on this website – keep checking but this could be max. extent of lava flow

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Last thermal map with a gray (warm) flow-line being noted – likely just sub-surface flow

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