Muscular & Integumentary Systems Texas TEK B.10(A) The student - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Muscular & Integumentary Systems Texas TEK B.10(A) The student will interpret the function of systems in organisms (humans) including the Muscular and Integumentary Systems. Texas TEK B.10(B) The student will compare the
Texas TEK B.10(A) The student will interpret the function of systems in
Muscular and Integumentary Systems. Texas TEK B.10(B) The student will compare the interrelationships of Muscular and Integumentary Systems to each other and to the body as a whole.
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– Composes muscles attached to bones
– Found in walls of the viscera – Viscera are hallow internal organs
– Makes up the walls of the heart
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– Muscle cells produce heat by the process known as catabolism, which is the breakdown of food components. – Skeletal muscle cells are both highly active and numerous and they produce a major share of total body heat. – Skeletal muscle contractions constitute one of the most important aspects of the mechanism for maintaining homeostasis of temperature.
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upper limbs.
motions of the gleno-humeral joint.
– The swimmer’s muscle – Superficial to the Pectoralis Minor
– Serratus Anterior – Upward rotation of the scapula – Abduction of the scapula
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– Deltoid – Superficial muscle covering the glenohumeral joint – Whole muscle action: Abduction at the glenohumeral joint – Anterior fibers: flexion at the glenohumeral joint – Posterior fibers: extension at the glenohumeral joint
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– Deep to Trapezius – Inferior to Rhomboid Minor
– Levator Scapulae – Attach from the axial skeleton to the scapula. – Function is to stabilize the scapula for optimal movement in the glenohumeral joint.
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– Large muscle on the lower back. – Superficial muscle, inferior to the trapezius
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– These muscle share their actions – Extension of the glenohumeral joint – Adduction of the glenohumeral joint – Medial rotation of the glenohumeral joint
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– Has 19 muscles
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– six pack?
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– Longest muscle in the body
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– Largest muscle in the body
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Texas TEK B.10(A) The student will interpret the function of systems in organisms (humans) including the Muscular and Integumentary Systems. Texas TEK B.10(B) The student will compare the interrelationships of Muscular and Integumentary Systems to each other and to the body as a whole.
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channels of elimination containing
kidneys, intestines) get rid
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is called epidermis.
dermis – Contains collagen and elastin – Keeps the skin flexible and firm – Dermis also contains
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lies a tissue of fat cells.
when the exfoliation process (the renewal
shed to make room for new ones) slows down and your skin pores get blocked.
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infections.
microorganisms and other substances from entering the body.
macrophage) are found within the dermis, they engulf invaders foreign to the body and debris.
together with sebum produced by sebaceous glands act as a waterproof barrier.
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from ultraviolet light.
the extremities of fingers and toes from damage.
dexterity and the sense of touch; they have ridged areas to assist in picking things up.
protection to certain parts of the body such as eyes and head.
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touch or sensation we need to know more about our
through recognizing heat, cold, pain and other sensations.
provide the body with a great deal of information about the outside environment.
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and excess salt from the body.
in solution.
through the skin as insensible sweating.
through sweating occurs as part of temperature regulation.
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functional layers:
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the epidermal appendages:
– Nails – Hair – Glands
nearly always connected to hair follicles.
glands belong to the exocrine glands.
secretions directly to the skin surface.
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functions such as – Temperature regulation and insulation – Energy storage – Sensory perception and protection from environmental influences such as fungi, bacteria and (UV) radiation
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several layers.
the dermis.
– Connective tissue – Blood vessels – Nerve endings – Hair follicles – Sweat glands – Oil glands.
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The most abundant cell type of the epidermis is the keratinocyte.
keratin proteins that provide some of the rigidity of the outer layers of the skin.
the bulk of the material in hair follicles Dandruff and hair are dead keratinocytes.
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produced largely by fibroblasts, which during embryonic development are part
produce the collagens and elastins that make skin very durable, from within.
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abundance in the epidermis that produce the pigment melanin.
melanocytes is transferred to the cells of the hair or epidermis.
injected into (or ingested by) the keratinocyte cells.
accumulate around the nucleus of each keratinocyte.
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ultraviolet (UV) light before the UV radiation can reach the nucleus.
DNA in the nucleus from UV radiation damage.
produced and distributed properly in the skin, dividing cells are protected from mutations that might otherwise be caused by harmful UV light.
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due mostly to differences in the types and amount of pigment in our keratinocytes.
from sun exposure is caused by the movement of existing melanin into keratinocytes, and by increased production of melanin by the melanocyte.
development these cells migrate from the neural crest into the skin.
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immune cells, macrophages.
that protects your body from injury or illness.
the invading organisms.
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invading organisms and present antigens to the T-lymphocytes.
immune-system cells which ultimately identify a substance as foreign or dangerous to the body.
present in skin
palms and soles (feet).
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– Nails – Hair – Glands (glandulae cutis)
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protruding hair shaft and the hair root.
end to become a bulb (bulbus), which together with the underlying dermal hair papillae are responsible for the nourishment, development and growth of hair.
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connective tissue surrounds the whole hair root and together these form a hair follicle.
glands open into the infundibular part of the hair follicles.
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(glandulae cutis) include
are nearly always connected to hair follicles which deliver the lipid- containing secretion to the surface through their funnel shaped openings.
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sebaceous gland and therefore the amount of sebum itself differ according to body region.
palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, sebaceous glands are found everywhere on the skin.
face are bigger than those found on the arms
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in sebaceous gland activity is the androgens.
are exocrine glands (exo =
means they deliver their secretion directly to a surface such as the skin.
glands this occurs with complete desintegration of lipid-rich cells.
through division of the basal cells (holocrine glands).
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glands, like the mammary glands or the sweat glands of the axilla (underarm), only the outer parts of the cell body are lost with the secretion.
the sebaceous and sweat glands contain important substances that help form the hydrolipid film.
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glands like the small sweat glands of the skin, show no loss of cytoplasm after the secretion process.
glands, the sebaceous glands deliver vital substances, that - along with the epidermal lipids
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