Multimessenger Study of the Universe Roger Blandford KIPAC - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Multimessenger Study of the Universe Roger Blandford KIPAC Stanford (A personal perspective) 6 iv 2016 APPEC 1

APPEC “Messengers” • Gamma Rays • VHE Neutrinos • Cosmic Rays • Gravitational Radiation • Also: – Radio through X-ray observations – Laboratory experiments The most interesting science is seriously entangled Optimizing the international program is a challenge 6 iv 2016 APPEC 2

VERITAS/H.E.S.S. 140 o octaves t to e exp xplore re Electromagnetic Fermi LIGO LIGO Auger Cosmic Rays (protons and electrons) Gravitational Radiation Neutrinos Ice Cube Dark Matter? CDMS Energy, frequency � 1 ZeV 1zeV � Wavelength 6 iv 2016 APPEC 3 +YeV, XeV!

Interfacial Questions • Is Λ sufficient? • Is (classical) GR correct? • DM? • ν physics (m ν , M/D, δ CP , ??) • Inflation-LSS • Nuclear EOS • CR sources, physics • VHE ν sources • GW sources, background • FRB and new optical transients 6 iv 2016 APPEC 4

Interfacial Questions • Is Λ sufficient? R- γ • Is (classical) GR correct? R,GW, lab • DM? lab, DDM, axions, γ , , GW • ν physics (m ν , M/D, δ CP , ??) lab,VHE ν , • Inflation-LSS, CMB, O,R • Nuclear EOS, GW, X,R • CR sources, physics, CR, R,X, γ • VHE ν sources, VHE ν , , R- γ • GW sources, background, GW, R- γ • FRB and new optical transients R- γ , , GW Many problems need many coordinated approaches 6 iv 2016 APPEC 5

Physics vs Astronomy • Experiment vs Observation • Experimentalist vs Observer • Facility vs Observatory • National vs Extranational • Exclusive vs Inclusive • Particles vs Sources • Measurement vs Discovery • Collectivist vs Individualist • Hedgehogs vs Foxes 6 iv 2016 APPEC 6

Physics vs Astronomy • Experiment vs Observation LIGO vs GONG • Experimentalist vs Observer CTA vs Planck • Facility vs Observatory DES vs LSST • National vs Extranational CERN vs CHIME • Exclusive vs Inclusive IceCube vs ROSAT • Particles vs Sources Auger vs Fermi • Measurement vs Discovery Neutrinos vs pulsars • Collectivist vs Individualist Strings vs Comp Astro • Hedgehogs vs Foxes LHC vs dust Methodologies may be converging 6 iv 2016 APPEC 7

Major discoveries were “unscripted” • CMB – antenna noise • Quasars (massive BH) – radio source identifications • Stellar BHs – X-ray source identifications • Massive and mutable ν ’s – checking solar model • Neutron stars – lunar X-rays • Pulsars – interplanetary scintillation • Gamma ray bursts – nuclear weapons monitoring • Dark matter – galactic and stellar orbits • Cosmic acceleration – supernova explosions • Gravitational lenses – quasar follow up • Gravitational radiation – pulsar timing • Exoplanets – brown dwarfs Discoveries at interfaces; stovepiping is futile 6 iv 2016 APPEC 8

Central Paradox of Strategic Planning • October 2014 - April 2015 (APS): – Planck results->standard model (wnf nl Ω k m ν … ), dusty B-modes – 8 “habitable??” exoplanets->life in the universe??? – 9 new dwarf galaxies -> dark matter limits – ~10 10 M sun black hole at z=6->cosmic dawn – Gravitational lenses - SN, ALMA-> pre-SN, substructure – M82 neutron star with L~100 L edd ->accretion physics – PD456 outflows->environmental impact, galaxy formation – FRBs 40% circ pol->new transients 10-100mHz – IceCube neutrinos -> cosmological origin? – … 6 iv 2016 APPEC 9 By contrast we are making science plans for 2030s

Discovery • Affirmation – Higgs, SM, GR, F Λ CDM… • Surprise – LIGO BHB, DM, Λ , m ν ,… • Mystery – FRB, PeV ν ,… What may be most remarkable is how much mystery has moved up 6 iv 2016 APPEC 10

Multimessenger Research • Surveys, catalogs, data-mining – Control biases, heterogeneous sources • Source identifications – Positionally consistent, temporal associations • Rapid follow up; large field of view • Foregrounds/backgrounds – Absorption, dust, lensing • Beaming – Relativistic aberration, anisotropic sources Will large N suffice? Will there be orphans? 6 iv 2016 APPEC 11

Summary • Most interesting science is now entangled • Many approaches have to be coordinated • Physics and astronomy methodologies converging • Discoveries faster than facilities • Discoveries happen at interfaces • Much progress: mystery->surprise->affirmation • Will large N suffice? Will there be orphans? • New alignments mandate new management – Collaboration, cooperation, competition – Coordination, contingency, confidence • Education, re-education 6 iv 2016 APPEC 12