[PPT] - MPIfR APEX Instrumentation MPIfR APEX Instrumentation Bernd Klein PowerPoint Presentation

SLIDE 1

MPIfR APEX Instrumentation

Bernd Klein

bklein@mpifr.de

MPIfR APEX Instrumentation

Bernd Klein

bklein@mpifr.de

Bernd Klein, Ringberg 2018

SLIDE 2

MPIfR APEX instrumentation MPIfR APEX instrumentation

Bernd Klein, Ringberg 2018

Overview of my talk:

LAsMA THz channel CHAMP+ HFA CHAMP+ LFA (PI 230) FLASH 460 LAsMA FLASH 230 FLASH PI 850 A-MKID HFA A-MKID LFA

SLIDE 3

PI 230 Receiver (mm-VLBI) PI 230 Receiver (mm-VLBI)

Bernd Klein, Ringberg 2018

Technical specifications:

➔

2SB SIS mixer from IRAM (NOEMA spin-off)

➔

dual polarization operation

➔

RF range: 195 – 270 GHz

➔

Receiver noise temperature: 50 – 60 K (SSB)

➔

VDI solid-state LO source

➔

total IF bandwidth: 2x 2x 8 GHz = 32 GHz

➔

PI FFTS4G spectrometer, 512k spectral channels

➔

Fully remote controlled (frequency change within seconds)

➔

Pathfinder for new mm-VLBI observing technologies

➔

in operation since 12 / 2015 3D model and photo

f the PI 230 receiver

PI 230 – a state-of-the-art receiver for mm-VLBI and spectroscopy

SLIDE 4

The new FLASH receiver The new FLASH receiver

Bernd Klein, Ringberg 2018

A short history:

2005: Workhorse for the APEX commissioning, operating in the 460 and 810 GHz atmospheric windows Spectrometer: 2 x 1 GHz bandwidth (FFTS) 2010: With CAMP+ covering the 810 GHz science with 7 pixels, FLASH was downgraded to 345 and 460 GHz Spectrometer: 4 x 1,5 GHz (AFFTS) 2012: Upgraded with state-of-the-art 2SB ALMA mixers for the 345 GHz and 460 GHz bands. Spectrometer: 8 x 2,5 GHz bandwidth (XFFTS) 2018: Upgrade with new IRAM (230 GHz) and ALMA band 8 (460 GHz) 2SB mixers (facility mode). Additional 850 GHz band (PI mode). Spectrometer: 16 x 4 GHz bandwidth (dFFTS4G)

FLASH – a First Light APEX Submillimeter Heterodyne instrument

FLASH @ APEX, 2005

S. Heyminck, et al., A&A, 454 (2006)

SLIDE 5

The new FLASH receiver The new FLASH receiver

Bernd Klein, Ringberg 2018

new FLASH: facility mode new FLASH: PI mode 230 GHz band:

VDI LO unit, tuning range: 200 – 270 GHz
dual-polarization setup
IRAM SIS 2SB mixer (PI230),

IF bandwidth 4 – 12 GHz total IF bandwidth: 2x 2x 8 GHz = 32 GHz

Receiver noise temperature: 50 – 60 K

460 GHz band:

VDI LO unit, tuning range: 385 – 510 GHz
dual-polarization setup
ALMA band 8 SIS 2SB mixer,

IF bandwidth 4 – 8 GHz total IF bandwidth: 2x 2x 4 GHz = 16 GHz

Receiver noise temperature: 80 – 150 K

See Poster by Christopher Heiter !

SLIDE 6

The new FLASH receiver The new FLASH receiver

Bernd Klein, Ringberg 2018

new FLASH: PI mode PI mode expansion 850 GHz band:

broadband VDI hybrid LO unit, tuning range: 780 – 950 GHz
dual-polarization setup
ALMA band 9 mixer

baseline: goal: (SRON cooperation) DSB 2SB IF bandwidth 4 – 8 GHz 4 – 12 GHz total IF bandwidth: 8 GHz 32 GHz

Receiver temperature:

200 – 500 K 600 – 1000 K PI 850 GHz Optics Design

filter wheel

460 GHz 230 GHz

See Poster by Christopher Heiter !

SLIDE 7

Upgrade LAsMA Upgrade LAsMA

Bernd Klein, Ringberg 2018

LAsMA – the Large APEX subMillimeter Array for the 345 GHz atmospheric window

Technical specifications:

➔

7-pixel single polarization heterodyne array 7x 345 GHz with state-of-the-art IRAM 2SB mixers

➔

RF range: 270 – 370 GHz

➔

Receiver noise temperature (SSB): 80 – 100K

➔

Side-band separation (IF: 4 – 8 GHz): > 15 dB

➔

VDI solid-state LO

➔

K-mirror for image de-rotation

➔

Frontend software for auto-tuning and remote control

➔

in operation since 2016

➔ Upgrade work (April 2018): ➔

For now: IF bandwidth: 7x 2x 4 GHz = 56 GHz

➔

Upgrade: replacement of the 4 – 8 GHz IF coupler by new 4 – 12 GHz IF-coupler (> 15 dB) IF bandwidth: 7x 2x 8 GHz = 112 GHz

➔

Upgrade: FFTS4G spectrometer to process 112 GHz bandwidth with up to 1,8 million spectral channels Top: 7x IRAM 2SB mixers Left: LAsMA at APEX (2017)

SLIDE 8

LAsMA – the new THz channel LAsMA – the new THz channel

Bernd Klein, Ringberg 2018

Technical specifications:

➔

Spin-off from our Herschel involvment (HIFI band 5 mixer, DSB)

➔

Co-aligned to the central pixel of LasMA for pointing reference

➔

RF range: 990 – 1050 GHz

➔

Receiver noise temperature (DSB): 400 – 550 K

➔

VDI solid-state LO source

➔

IF bandwidth: 4 – 8 GHz

➔

PI IF processor and FFT spectrometer

➔

Strong operation boundaries:

requires best weather conditions (PWV < 0.3 mm)
pointing requirements are demanding (main beam: 6'' only)
telescope surface must be very good (surface rms < 15 µm)

MPIfR PI 1.05 THz Receiver (2009) (A-cabin, PI position #2)

SLIDE 9

CHAMP+ (2007 - 2016) CHAMP+ (2007 - 2016)

Bernd Klein, Ringberg 2018

CHAMP+ – dual color 2 x 7 pixel heterodyne array for the 450 µm and 350 µm atmospheric windows

beam- path fjrst B-cabin mirror (M2) elevation bearing fmat folding mirror mirror M3 LO- unit vacuum- vessel sub-array modules cooling- machine lifter- mechanism

R. Güsten, et al., SPIE, 7020 (2008)

Technical specifications (2007 - 2016):

➔

Two 7-pixel sub-arrays: 620 – 720 GHz and 780 – 950 GHz

➔

simultaneous observations possible

➔

fixed tuned DSB SIS-mixers (SRON)

➔

main optics cooled to 15K

➔

quasi-optical LO-injection with Martin-Puplett interferometer as Diplexer

➔

SSB-filter for both sub-arrays (> 15 dB)

➔

image de-rotator

➔

2 GHz (2,8 GHz) IF-bandwidth per channel

➔

in operation since 2007

SLIDE 10

Upgrade of CHAMP+ Upgrade of CHAMP+

Bernd Klein, Ringberg 2018

CHAMP+ with

ld LO unit (2015)
Upgrade of both arrays with state-of-the-art SRON DSB mixers (2017)
Replacement of the old LO unit by VDI solid-state LO sources,

and elimination of the diplexers (2018) ( more IF bandwidth) →

New frontend electronic and software (auto-tuning, remote control)
Connect to LAsMA IF processor and spectrometer

LFA: HFA: RF range [GHz] 620 – 710 775 – 855 TRx SSB [K] 250 – 400 600 – 1000 IF bandwidth [GHz] 7 x 4 GHz 7 x 4 GHz CHAMP+ – dual color 2 x 7 pixel heterodyne array for the 450 µm and 350 µm atmospheric windows CHAMP+ with new VDI LO unit (2018)

SLIDE 11

A-MKID camera A-MKID camera

Bernd Klein, Ringberg 2018

Technical specifications:

➔

Dual color APEX direct detection camera:

LFA: 353 GHz ( 34 GHz HP width)
HFA: 865 GHZ (100 GHz HP width)

➔

Squared field of view: 15 x 15 arcmin²

➔

Pixel spacing: 1Fλ

➔

Hexagonal arrangement

➔

Number of Pixels:

LFA: 3520 pixel
HFA: 21600 pixel

➔

Detectors operating with sensitivities dominated by the sky background

➔

NEFD per pixel (goal):

LFA: 50 mJy √s (0.3 – 1.0 mm PWV)
HFA: 1650 mJy √s (0.3 – 0.5 mm PWV)

Present Status:

Due to insufficient sensitivities that could not be fixed at APEX, we decide to sent A-MKID back to Bonn for further investigations. A-MKID is currently being cooled down. Extensive laboratory tests are planned for the coming weeks. A-MKID at laboratory tests in Bonn. (08. March 2018) A-MKID – superconducting pair breaking detector

SLIDE 12

MPIfR 8 GHz IF processor MPIfR 8 GHz IF processor

Bernd Klein, Ringberg 2018

Technical specifications:

➔

The new IF processor based on a modular approach.

➔

Fully integrated circuit with amplifier, filter, mixer, programmable attenuators, and total-power detectors.

➔

Fully remote controlled by SCPI protocol.

➔

Input frequency: 1 x (4 – 12 GHz) Output frequency: 2 x (0 – 4 GHz) The new 8 GHz IF processor modules are designed for the latest version of our wide-band FFT spectrometer Inside the 8 GHz IF modules LO input 12 GHz LO input 8 GHz

ut: 0 – 4 GHz (8 – 12 GHz part)
ut: 0 – 4 GHz (4 – 8 GHz part)

IF input 4 – 12 GHz

SLIDE 13

MPIfR dFFTS4G spectrometer MPIfR dFFTS4G spectrometer

Bernd Klein, Ringberg 2018

Technical specifications:

➔

Input bandwidth: 2 x 4 GHz (0 – 4 GHz)

➔

Spectral channels: 2 x 64k

➔

Spectral resolution: 71 kHz (ENBW)

➔

Power consumption: max. 70 W (~9 W / GHz) Photo of the dFFTS4G spectrometer board dFFTS4G