CMPE 252A: Computer Networks J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves Office: E2 317 jj@cse.ucsc.edu phone: 4153 http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~jj/CLASSES/CMPE252A-FALL2016/ 1 CMPE 252A: Computer Networks SET 1 Mot otiv ivat ation, ion, Logis Logistics ics, , and and Int ntroduct oduction ion 2 LOGI LOGISTICS IN N THI HIS CLA LASS 3 1
Teaching Team JJ JJ JJ [ Instructor ] [ Instructor ] [ Grades overlord ] Email: Email: Email: jj@soe.ucsc.edu jj@soe.ucsc.edu jj@soe.ucsc.edu https://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~jj/ My research: Computer communication Internet Wireless networks Distributed algorithms Mobile and pervasive computing Cyber-physical systems 4 Teaching Team Ali Dabirmoghaddam (TA) Email: alid@soe.ucsc.edu YOU! GOALS To become familiar with the field of networking research: Network architectures, protocols, and algorithms To learn basic tools for the verification and analysis of communication protocols To learn about a few specific protocols To get practice in the art of reading research papers, and in challenging “conventional wisdom” 2
BASICS Each class will cover a set of papers and book chapters Readings are assigned ahead of time and you must read all the assigned papers before class, even if just briefly As part of homeworks, you must submit your answers to reading assignments before class I will call on students to answer questions based on what they have submitted before class Pace of class is fast and assumes you are doing your homework I may pile more slides and papers than can be covered in one lecture … if so I will continue the following lecture. GRADES No curves Three components: Two midterms account for 40%: (20% each) closed book, closed notes Homework assignments account for 25% Project accounts for 35%: Content: 50%; Report: 30%; Presentation/Demo: 20% Dates for exams and homeworks will be posted in class page. Textbook and Class Notes No textbook On-line books in class page Papers and class notes are the sources of information Will be posted before and after lectures. You must go over the class notes and make sure you understand the material. Use class notes as your study guide. 9 3
Reading Research Papers Focus your reading What problem is the paper solving? What is the main idea and what do you think of it? Can you verify [and hence trust] the results? How well is the paper written? Layered approach to reading research papers Do a quick read in 5-10 minutes Read again to understand the insight, contribution and intuition of results; ignore proofs and analysis Go back and study details Deconstruct paper; question all assumptions 10 Detailed Review of Research Papers Take your time and ask questions: Do you understand the proofs? Any errors? Question the assumptions being made Any prior work missing? Is the message of the paper substantiated by its “meat”? How else would you present the information? Do you have different/better ideas? 11 WHY WHY THI HIS CLA LASS? 12 4
Why Computer networks? The Internet Is Transforming Everything How we do business E-commerce, advertising, cloud computing, connected robots How we learn and are informed Google, Wikipedia, on-line courses, on-line news generators How we do science and health Google, access to big data, tele-presence How we socialize and entertain E-mail, IM, Facebook friends, virtual worlds, on-line casinos How we think about law Interstate commerce? National boundaries? Wikileaks? How we govern E-voting, e-government, censorship, wiretapping How we fight Cyber-attacks, including nation-state attacks, cyber-physical wars Opportunity: The Internet of Everything Past: Infrastructure-centric computing (e.g., mainframes, time-sharing, IBM, Sun Microsystems) Infrastructure-centric networks (e.g., telephone network, cellular networks, ARPANET, emergence of Internet; think AT&T, BBN, Cisco, Nokia) Very expensive links, storage and processing, independent vertical systems Focus on establishing the infrastructure Research: How do we use links and processors as efficiently as possible? 14 Opportunity: The Internet of Everything Present: Information-centric computing (e.g., the web, personal computing devices; Apple, Google) Information-centric networking and the cloud (e.g., Content-Delivery Networks, caching systems, cloud computing, firewalls; think Akamai and Oracle) Programmable networking (SDNs, Openflow, Nicira) Affordable links, very cheap storage and processing, network and service integration (e.g., VoIP calls), the cloud, Openflow Focus on enabling services and information everywhere Research: How do we find and replicate information efficiently? How do we process information efficiently and securely at remote servers? How do we represent the network at controllers? 15 5
Internet Enablers: Sensors Cost Much Less Internet Enablers: Computing Is Much Faster Internet Enablers: Wireless Bandwidth Is Much Larger White spectrum will be free and much larger than 1Gbps! 6
Internet Enablers: Wired Bandwidth Is Far Cheaper Almost 200 times difference in 12 years! Internet Accelerator: Robotics Is Becoming Essential Unit sales of industrial robots Cyber-Physical Networks Urgent for all workers in region (x,y) at time t 0 to t 2 Any drone near (x 2 ,y 2 ) at time t 2 Any map from (x 2 ,y 2 ) at time t 2 21 Source: Swarming MAVs Form Insta-Network http://www.botjunkie.com/index.php?s=landroid 7
Internet Accelerator: Genomics at Global Scale Is Feasible IoT Is Here and Growing! Around 2008, number of connected things > world population 50 50 BILLION “Smart 40 BILLIONS OF DEVICES Objects” Rapid Adoption 30 Rate of Digital Infrastructure: 5X Faster Than 20 25 Electricity and Inf nflect lection ion Point oint Telephony 12.5 10 World 7.2 7.6 Population 6.8 0 TIMELINE 2010 2015 2020 Source: Cisco IBSG, 2011 Things: Sensor Webs of Billions Industrial Sensors connected to and Process Monitor discoverable on the Web Sensors have position & Automobile generate observations As Sensor Probe Environmental Monitor Sensor descriptions available Services to task and access sensors Shopping Local, regional, national Stored scalability Sensor Temp Traffic Data Sensor Monitoring Enabling the Enterprise Airborne Imaging Device Health Satellite-borne Strain Monitor Gauge Imaging Device Webcam 8
USERS: Ubiquitous & Shared Enhanced Reality Services People love sharing! We have gone from letters to non-electric telegraphs to electric telegraphs to telephone calls to IM and sharing files mostly at remote servers to twitting “whatever” … We are at the “twitting point” of sharing Device revolution! In < 50 years we have gone from “the SRI van” hosting a limited packet radio to PDAs that are many orders of magnitude more powerful. Why not share everything, everywhere, 24/7? ... Opportunity The Internet of Everything: Things, Services, Content, and People Revolution in devices: Sensors, processing and storage in the ambient are becoming commodities 24 billion connected devices in the world by 2020 Over half of them will be such non-mobile devices as household appliances Connected devices will be a US$1.2 trillion market. Revolution in services: People expect services on the move within social contexts Yet, autonomic, scale-free wireless networking does not exist BIG Internet Problems Big data: A commercial jet generates 10 TB for every 30 minutes of flight. Cars? Trains? Genomics data: More than 10 times Youtube traffic by 2025 Billions of sensors 24/7 augmented reality; data rate per person? Speed of light and large bandwidth White spectrum Long distances Need to store/process big data in the network 9
BIG Internet Problems User mobility and multi-homing 26 billion mobile devices expected by 2020 The “typical” end host is now nomadic Cloud services are virtualized/replicated/ migrated V(X)LANs are equally mobile/dynamic Security, privacy, integrity Data, services, and things Wasting the network with useless data BIG Internet Problems Seamless, autonomic operation The Internet has to be everywhere How can any one manage it? Simple interaction with services, data, things Customer-driven apps, services, and content If user has to see it to use it, we are doing it wrong! Why Bother?...Expectations Internet of Things Gartner “Hype Cycle”, July 2014 Software-defined anything Human augmentation Connected home Digital security Expectations = Funding Opportunities and Jobs 10
INT NTROD ODUC UCTION ON 31 What Are Computer Networks? Social Networks Information Networks Comm. & Storage Networks Networks on switches and chips, Nano-networks No Now we e ha have e Comput omputing ing = Net Networ orking king 32 New Reality Social, information and infrastructure planes impact one another User preferences, group mission and tasks, Information replication, social group descriptions Infrastructure Information plane plane social plane Physical connectivity, node mobility, link quality All communication occurs in context 33 11
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