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Monkey Microbes and Human Health:
Putting health disparities into an evolutionary context
Katherine R. Amato
Department of Anthropology Northwestern University
Monkey Microbes and Human Health: Putting health disparities into an - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Monkey Microbes and Human Health: Putting health disparities into an - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Monkey Microbes and Human Health: Putting health disparities into an evolutionary context Katherine R. Amato Department of Anthropology Northwestern University Gut microbiota Nutrition Immune function Mental state The Gut Microbiota
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The Gut Microbiota
- Implicated in:
– Hypertension – Asthma – Cardiovascular Disease – Obesity – Cancer – And more…
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Health Disparities
- Apparent in:
– Hypertension – Asthma – Cardiovascular Disease – Obesity – Cancer – And more…
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How important are gut microbes for understanding patterns of health inequality across populations?
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Increased SCFA Production à More Energy to Host
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Gut Microbes Compensate Across Seasons
F2,38 = 3.56, r2 = 0.14, p = 0.0002
Amato et al. 2015, Microbial Ecology Energy Intake ê
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Gut Microbes Compensate For Life History
- Juveniles
– Characterized by Firmicutes (Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Ruminococcus)
- Adult Females
– High Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio – Characterized by Lactococcus
Amato et al. 2014, AJPA
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Do these apparently beneficial relationships break down?
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Gut Microbes Degraded With Habitat Disturbance
Amato et al. 2013, ISME J
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Gut Microbes Degraded With Habitat Disturbance
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000
Continuous Rainforest Continuous SD Fragmented Rainforest Captivity Chao1 diversity estimate Amato et al. 2013, ISME J Habitat Quality ê
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0.000% 0.005% 0.010% 0.015% 0.020% 0.025% 0.030%
Relative abundance
Butyrivibrio Desulfovibrio Amato et al. 2013, ISME J Habitat Quality ê
Gut Microbes Degraded With Habitat Disturbance
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Extreme Case: Captivity in Primates
Captive
Wild
Provenance
PC3 - 9%
(A) (B)
PC2 - 19% PC1 - 25%
- 0.2
- 0.1
0.0 0.1 0.2
- 0.2
- 0.1
0.0 0.1 0.2
MDS1 MDS2 Genus
Alouatta Cercopithecus Colobus Gorilla Pan
Wild_captive
captive wild
Amato et al. 2016, GECCO Frankel et al. in prep
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uncertain GI Health Status healthy unhealthy Langur Colobus Douc Host Genus
Unweighted Unifrac Weighted Unifrac
Amato et al. 2016, GECCO
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Not just diet…
Weighted UniFrac (F1,51=5.01, r2=0.09, p <0.01)
PC1: 35.8% PC2: 15.2% PC3: 9.5% (18) Cayo: Adult (9) Cayo: Juvenile (15) SS: Adult (10) SS: Juvenile
Sample Location and Age
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Adult Juvenile Adult Juvenile Cayo Sabana Seca Chao1
Amato et al. in prep
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Probably…but we need more data
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Industrialization and the Gut Microbiota
Schnorr et al. 2014, Martinez et al. 2015, Clemente et al. 2015
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What about mismatch situations?
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Hossain et al. 2007
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Major Questions
- Does a maternal history of undernutrition in
early life lead to a energy-efficient gut microbiota in adulthood?
- Can these microbial traits be passed to infants
and affect health outcomes (particularly if the nutritional environment shifts)?
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« Philippines Study site
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Offspring Mothers
1984-6 2000 2005 2017 1998-9 1994 1991 preg & birth 1983-4 infancy childhood puberty young adult
Data collection on full sample
Birth
The Cebu Study
3327 pregnant women enrolled (1983)
The Cebu Longitudinal Health & Nutrition Survey Grandoffspring
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Mom
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Mom Baby (2 weeks)
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Mom Baby (2 weeks) Baby (6 months)
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Final Thoughts
- To understand what is ‘wrong’ with the
microbiome when there are health issues, we need to:
– Understand what was evolutionarily ‘right’ – Understand what perturbations have altered the system
- Studies of human populations are critical
- Non-human primates give us an even broader
context
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