Monitoring of the W ater Cycle and Clim ate Variation by the Earth - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Monitoring of the W ater Cycle and Clim ate Variation by the Earth - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jul 27, 2023 149 likes •293 views

Monitoring of the W ater Cycle and Clim ate Variation by the Earth Observation Satellites Misako KACHI Manager for GCOM-W Research/ GPM Applications Earth Observation Research Center (EORC) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Dec. 4,

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Monitoring of the W ater Cycle and Clim ate Variation by the Earth Observation Satellites

Misako KACHI

Manager for GCOM-W Research/ GPM Applications Earth Observation Research Center (EORC) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

  • Dec. 4, 2015@COP21 Japan Pavilion Side Event, Paris

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Role of Observation from “Space”

“Observations” have played important role in addressing climate change issues

 Capturing current status of the Earth and monitoring its variations  Contributing to climate models

Satellite will provide reference to evaluate climate models and their forecasts/ predictions It also improve precipitation process in the model

Why from space?

 Global (wide-area), repetitive, and uniform

  • bservation

 Information can be shared simultaneously by broadcasting.  Robust against disasters (stable), and homogeneous all over the world .

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JAXA’s Current and Future Satellite & Sensor Activities

GCOM-C SHI ZUKU ( GCOM-W ) GPM/ DPR

DAI CHI ( ALOS)

I BUKI ( GOSAT)

( 2 0 0 9 ) ( 2 0 1 4 ) ( 2 0 1 2 ) ( 2 0 1 4 )

High Resolution W ide Sw ath ( Optical)

( JFY2 0 1 9 ( TBD) )

DAI CHI -2 ( ALOS-2 )

( JFY2 0 1 7 )

Earth CARE/ CPR

( JFY2 0 1 6 ) ( JFY2 0 0 5 )

GOSAT-2

( JFY2 0 1 7 )

Aqua/AMSR-E TRMM/PR JERS-1 MOS ADEOS-Ⅱ

( JFY1 9 9 1 ) ( JFY2 0 0 2 ) ( JFY1 9 8 6 ) ( JFY1 9 9 7 ) ( JFY2 0 0 2 )

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Importance of Water Cycle

(Oki and Kanae, Science, 2006)

W ater Vapor Precip.

  • ver
  • cean

Precip.

  • ver

land Sea Surface Tem p. Cloud Liquid W ater Sea I ce Sea Surf. W ind Soil m oisture Snow Depth GCOM

  • W

GPM Snow Rain Land Cover GCOM

  • C

Radiation Budget

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Example(1) El Niño/ La Niña Monitor

Sea Surface Temperature (SST) SST differences from Climatology (anomaly) Variation of SST anomaly

  • f NINO.3

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How El Niño Developed?

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AMSR2 SST animation from Jul, 2012 to Nov. 2015 Sea Surface Temperature (SST) SST differences from Climatology (anomaly)

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El Niño Changes Rainfall Distribution

Drought in I ndonesia causes Severe Forest Fire

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Example(2) Global Rainfall Monitor

 Rapidly changing precipitation phenomena need frequent observations

 JAXA provides hourly rainfall product in 0.1x0.1deg lat/ lon grid in global (60N-60S) by merging multi-satellites’ microwave radiometers and geostationary infrared cloud moving vector information  Processed and distributed in near real time basis (about 4- hour after observations)

 Example of application will be shown by Mr. Konami.

Patricia Olaf Cham pi http:/ / sharaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/ GSMaP

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From 4-hour Delay to Realtime

To reduce latency of GSMaP to respond users

 Using data that is available within 0.5-hour (GMI, AMSR2 direct receiving data, AMSU direct receiving data and MTSAT) to produce GSMaP at 0.5-hr before.  Applying 0.5-hour forward extrapolation (future direction) by cloud moving vector to produce GSMaP at current hour (GSMaP_NOW).

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Area: Geostationary satellite Himawari area Grid size: 0.1-degree Average: Hourly Update: every 30-min Data is freely available after simple registration http:/ / sharaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/ GSMaP_ NOW

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Example (3) Drought Monitoring

May 1-15, 2012 May 16-31, 2012 June 1-15, 2012 June 16-31, 2012 July 1-15, 2012 July 16-31, 2012 August 1-15, 2012 August 16-31, 2012 September 1-15, 2012 September 16-30, 2012 October 1-15, 2012 October 16-31, 2012 AMSR2 WindSat

Dry Snow W et Snow Snow Area by MODI S Soil Moisture Anom aly Ratio by Microw ave

300 200 150 120 100 90 70 30 [%]

Wet Dry

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Example (4) Sea Ice Monitoring

Sea Ice is one of indicator of climate status Shrinkage of sea ice extent in the Arctic is

  • ne of the major climate change issues

2012 2007

Minimum record SIE：3.49 mil. km2 (Sep. 16, 2012)

Previous record： 4.25 mil. sq km (Sep..24 2007)

Sep.16,2012

Sea Ice Concentration AMSR2 Arctic Sea Ice Extent

1980’s 1990’s 2000’s

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More examples will be shown by Prof. Enomoto’s presentation

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Constrains and Conditions

Satellite data is unique, but not enough

 necessary to be combined with other data  necessary to be transformed into information easy to understand.

Timely delivery and continuity of satellite data are not guaranteed

 Just a single satellite can not provide timely delivery

  • f data in response to disasters

 Continuous observation is essential for climate monitoring

 In order to overcome these constraints

 International collaborations between space agencies and various discipline

GEO, CEOS, UNESCO, ADB, JICA, local agencies, ...

 Combine the in-situ data with satellite data, and utilize numerical models and forecasts

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Summary

Combination of multi-satellite data, ground

  • bservation, and numerical models

provides us more “information” than single

  • bservation.

Assuring continuity of observations, both from space and ground, is essential to archive data for corresponding to climate change issues. To reduce impacts and risks of extreme weather events and related water hazards, more collaboration among different disciplines are needed.

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