Migration and Vulnerability after Hurricane Katrina University of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Migration and Vulnerability after Hurricane Katrina

University of Hamburg

63-190 Climate and Society: Climate Security, Natural Resources and Conflict Geography

Lecturer:

• Prof. Dr. Jürgen Scheffran

Janina Bornemann Global Transformation and Environmental Change M.Sc., 1. Fachsemester

Structure

 Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans  Forms of migration after Hurricane Katrina  Vulnerability after Hurricane Katrina  „The City that care forgot“  Conclusion

Hurricane Katrina

 Stroke the gulf coast on 29th of August 2005  Biggest migration movement since the dust bowl in the 1930s  Economic damage of more that 125 Billion US Dollar  80 per cent of New Orleans was flooded  More than one million people in the metropolitan area of New Orleans flew from Hurricane Katrina

Path of Hurricane Katrina

Elevation profile of New Orleans

Forms of migration

 spillover-migration  permanent migration or return migration?

spillover-migration

Vulnerabiliy

• „Social vulnerability is a product of social inequalities—

social factors and forces that create the susceptibility

• f various groups to harm, and in turn affect their ability

to respond, and bounce back (resilience) after the disaster.“ (Cutter 2006)  The most vulnerable people of New Orleans were hit hardest

 People with lower socioeconomic status  African-American  People without cars  Very old or sick people  Families with many children

Vulnerability

• People with lower socio-economic status

 Are mory likely to live below the poverty line  Are less likely to own cars  Are more likely to live for rent  Often live in flood-prone areas of New Orleans  Rarely can bear the costs for a return migration  Are often less well educated and are therefore less

informed about assistance programs in New Orleans

Vulnerability

 African Americans are more likely to have a lower socioeconomic status, to be tenants, to have larger families and to not own a car than people of white skin color = Characteristics that make them more vulnerable to disasters like Hurricane Katrina

„The City that care forgot“

• The Flood protection system in New

Orleans was not maintained for decades

• The Federal Emergency Management

Agency (FEMA) was not sufficiently equipped for evacuation

• At the day of the storm all bus and train

connections were cancelled

Conclusion

• The flood of the city after the Hurricane

was caused largely antropogenic

• The socio-economic status of a person

has a large influence on the migration probability and the vulnerability after Hurricane Katrina

Discussion

 „More recently, the poor wihout private transport, elderly and disabled, in New Orleans were abandoned by officials and could not flee the city ahead of hurricane Katrina. Their only

• ption was the sordid conditions of the

Superdome as shelter. Over a thousand died. But can we call these deaths „natural“ - the unavoidable confrontation of human beings with the fury of nature?“ (Wisner 2008)

Thanks for your attention!

Literature

Bates, Diane C. (2002): Environmental Refugees? Classifying Human Migrations Caused by Environmental

• Change. In: Population and Environment, 23 (5), 465-477. Text abrufbar unter:

http://www.jstor.org/stable/27503806 (Zugriff am: 21.12.2010). Cutter, Susan L./Boruff, Bryan J./Shirley, W. Lynn (2003): Social Vulnerability to Environmental Hazards. In: Social Science Quarterly, 84 (2), 242-261. Text abrufbar unter: http://www.colorado.edu/hazards/resources/socy4037/Cutter%20%20%20Social%20vulnerability%20to%20en vironmental%20hazards.pdf (Zugriff am 29.12.2010). Cutter, Susan (2006): The Geography of Social Vulnerability: Race, Class, and Catastrophe. Text abrufbar unter: http://understandingkatrina.ssrc.org/Cutter/ (Zugriff am 29.12.2010). Elliott, James R./Pais, Jeremy (2006) Race, class, and Hurricane Katrina: Social differences in human responses to

• disaster. In: Social Science Research, 35 (2), 295-321. Text abrufbar unter:

http://www.tulane.edu/~jre/Elliott_Pais_2006_SSR.pdf (Zugriff 27.12.2010). FAZ (03.09.2005): “Jetzt kehrt die Zuversicht in unsere Herzen zurück”. Text abrufbar unter: http://www.faz.net/s/RubB08CD9E6B08746679EDCF370F87A4512/Doc~EC71D375077094AD6B3B9166AEC EFFF0D~ATpl~Ecommon~Sspezial.html (Zugriff am 26.12.2010).

Literature

Frey, William H./Singer, Audrey (2006): Katrina and Rita Impacts on Gulf Coast Populations: First Census Findings. The Brookings Institution: Metropolitan Policy Program. Text abrufbar unter: http://www.brookings.edu/metro/pubs/20060607_hurricanes.pdf (Zugriff am 11.12.2010). Gabe, Thomas/Falk, Gene/McCarty, Maggie/Mason, Virginia W. (2005): Hurricane Katrina: Social-Demographic Characteristics of Impacted Areas. CRS Report for Congress. Text abrufbar unter: http://gnocdc.s3.amazonaws.com/reports/crsrept.pdf (Zugriff am 11.12.2010). Groen, Jeffrey A./Polivka, Anne E. (2009): Going Home after Hurricane Katrina: Determinants of Return Migration and Changes in Affected Areas. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Working Paper 428. Text abrufbar unter: http://www.bls.gov/ore/pdf/ec090060.pdf (Zugriff am 18.12.2010). Höppe, Peter/Loster, Thomas (2007): Klimawandel und Wetterkatastrophen. In: Geographische Rundschau, 59 (10). 26-31. Jacob, Christian/Schorb, Friedrich (2008): Soziale Säuberung. Wie New Orleans nach der Flut seine Unterschicht

• vertrieb. Müster: UNRAST.

Kendall, Diana (2010): Social Problems in a diverse society, 5th Edition. Boston: Pearson.

Literature

Knabb, Richard D./Rhome, Jamie R./Brown, Daniel P. (2005): Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Katrina. Text abrufbar unter: http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL122005_Katrina.pdf (Zugriff am 31.12.2010). Nigg, Joanne M. /Barnshaw, John/Torres, Manuel R. (2006): Hurricane Katrina and the Flooding of New Orleans: Emergent Issues in Sheltering and Temporary Housing. In: Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 604, Shelter from the Storm: Repairing the National Emergency Management System after Hurricane Katrina, 113-128. Text abrufbar unter: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25097784 (Zugriff am: 05.12.2010). Nunn, Kenneth B. (2009): Still Up on the Roof. Race, Victimology, and Response to Hurricane Katrina. In: Levitt, Jeremy I./Whitaker, Matthew C. (Hrsg.), Hurricane Katrina. America's unnatural disaster. Lincoln/London: University of Nebraska Press, 183 - 205. Pais, Jeremy F./Elliott, James R. (2008): Places as Recovery Machines: Vulnerability and Neighborhood Change After Major Hurricanes. In: Social Forces 86 (4), 1315-1453. Text abrufbar unter: http://130.102.44.247/journals/social_forces/v086/86.4.pais.pdf (Zugriff am 14.12.2010). Sanyika, Mtangulizi (2009): Katrina and the Conditions of Black New Orleans. The Struggle to Justice, Equity and

• Democracy. In: Bullard, Robert D./Wright, Beverly (Hrsg.), Race, Place and Enrivonmental Justice after

Hurricane Katrina. Struggles to Reclaim, Rebuilt, and Revitalize New Orleans and the Gulf Coast. Boulder: Westview Press, 87 – 111. Wisner, Ben/Blaikie, Piers/Cannon, Terry/Davis, Ian (2004): At Risk. Second Edition. Natural hazards, people's vulnerability and disasters. London/New York: Routledge. Wisner, Ben (2008): How natural are „Natural“ Disasters. In: Kulke, Elmar/Popp, Herbert (Hrsg.). Umgang mit

• Risiken. Katastrophen – Destabilisierung – Sicherheit. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geographie: Bonn. 99-113.