MEASURING METABOLISM OF AN AREA I.Voukkali *, J.Na va rro -Pe dre no - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

MEASURING METABOLISM OF AN AREA

I.Voukkali *, J.Na va rro -Pe dre no , I

. Go me z-L uc a s, A.A Zo rpa s *vo ukke i@ ya ho o .g r

…Ur ban me tabolism… …Sustainable De ve lopme nt… …Cir c ular e c onomy… …E c ologic al footpr int…

WHY ???

STATISTICS

T

he wo rld’ s po pula tio n it is g ro wing b y 1.10%

pe r ye ar,

yie lding a n a dditio na l 83 millio n pe o ple annually.

T

he po pula tio n is pre dic te d to inc re a se mo re tha n o ne b illio n pe o ple o ve r the ne xt 13 ye a rs, re a c hing 8.6 b illio n in 2030, to 9.8 b illio n in 2050 a nd 11.2 b illio n b y 2100

Citie s a llo c a te a b o ut 50% o f wo rld’ s po pula tio n, a nd it is

e xpe c te d tha t this numb e r will inc re a se up to 66% b y 2050

Altho ug h urb a n a re a s a c c o unt fo r only four pe r

c e nt

• f the E

a rth's la nd surfa c e a re a the y a re re spo nsib le fo r 60% o f wate r c o nsumptio n and 80% o f c arbo n e missio ns and (with 25% a ttrib ute d to urb a n tra nspo rta tio n, 32% to

urb a n b uilt e nviro nme nt, a nd a n a dditio na l 5% to munic ipa l so lid wa ste )

I

n 2015 the ‘ e c o lo g ic a l o ve rsho o t’ wa s e stima te d to b e 54% above the plane t’s bioc apac ity’ me aning we

ne e d 1.5 plane ts to live sustainably

STATISTICS

STATISTICS

URBAN METABOLISM CONCEPT

Karl Max first discussed urban metabolism in 1883, and used the conception of metabolism to describe the material and energy exchanges between nature and society in his critique

• f

industrialization Abel Wolman (1965) re-launched the urban metabolism concept as a method of analyzing cities and communities through the quantification of inputs – water, food and fuel, outputs – sewage, solid refuse and air pollutants and tracking their respective transformations and flows.

Kennedy (2007): the sum total of the technical and socio- economic processes that occur in cities, resulting in growth, production of energy, and elimination of waste Urban Metabolism is a framework for modeling complex urban systems’ flows – water, energy, food, people, etc – as if the city were an ecosystem. It can be used to analyze how urban areas function with regard to resource use and the underlying infrastructures, and the relationship between human activities and the (natural) environment.

URBAN METABOLISM CONCEPT

URBAN METABOLISM ANALYSIS

T he advantag e s o f using an urban me tabo lism frame wo rk are :

 1. e xplic itly ide ntifie s o f the syste m’ s b o unda rie s;  2. a c c o unts fo r inputs a nd o utputs to the syste m;  3. a llo ws fo r a hie ra rc hic a l a ppro a c h to re se a rc h;  4. inc lude s de c o mpo sa b le e le me nts fo r ta rg e te d, se c to ra l

re se a rc h;

 5. ne c e ssita te s a na lysis o f po lic y a nd te c hno lo g y o utc o me s with

re spe c t to susta ina b ility g o a ls;

 6. is a n a da ptive a ppro a c h to so lutio ns a nd the ir c o nse q ue nc e s;  7. inte g ra te s so c ia l sc ie nc e a nd b io physic a l sc ie nc e / te c hno lo g y

URBAN METABOLISM ANALYSIS - METHODOLOGIES

E ME RGY ANAL YS I S

is de fine d a s the a mo unt o f e ne rg y o f o ne type (usua lly so la r) tha t is dire c tly o r indire c tly re q uire d to pro vide a g ive n flo w o r sto ra g e o f e ne rg y o r ma tte r

T he ur ban me tabolism e me r gy syste m has the c ompone nt:

 o f re ne wable re so urc e e me rg y (R),  no n-re ne wable re so urc e e me rg y (N),  impo rte d e me rg y (I M),  waste e me rg y (W)  and e xpo rte d e me rg y (E X) o f mate rial, e ne rg y and labo ur

URBAN METABOLISM ANALYSIS - METHODOLOGIES

MAT E RI AL F L OW ANAL YS I S (MF A)

• is b a se d o n two funda me nta l a nd we ll-e sta b lishe d sc ie ntific

princ iple s, the syste ms a ppro a c h a nd ma ss b a la nc e

• Re fe rs to

the a na lysis o f the thro ug hput o f pro c e ss c ha ins c o mprising e xtra c tio n

• r ha rve st,

c he mic a l tra nsfo rma tio n, ma nufa c turing , c o nsumptio n, re c yc ling a nd dispo sa l

• f

ma te ria ls.

URBAN METABOLISM ANALYSIS - METHODOLOGIES

MAT E RI AL F L OW ANAL YS I S (MF A)

URBAN METABOLISM ANALYSIS - METHODOLOGIES

E COL OGI CAL F OOT PRI NT

me a sure s

the e c o lo g ic a l a sse ts tha t a g ive n po pula tio n re q uire s to pro duc e the na tura l re so urc e s it c o nsume s a nd to a b so rb its wa ste , e spe c ia lly c a rb o n e missio ns.

is me a sure d in global he ctar

e s, a n indic a tio n o f the pro po rtio n o f the e a rth's surfa c e re q uire d to suppo rt a pa rtic ula r a c tivity.

INDICATORS DEVELOPMENT

Wa te r supply; Wa ste wa te rtre a tme nt; So lid wa ste ma na g e me nt; E

ne rg y c o nsumptio n;

F

• o d supply;

T

ra nspo rta tio n;

Pur pose s of UM ANAL YSIS

• 1. Asse ssme nt of mate r

ials and e ne r gy flows thr

• ughout a city.

T he re sulta nt e va lua tio n sho ws:

 the e ffic ie nc y in re so urc e use a nd its future ne e d,  the e xiste nc e o f a ny e nviro nme nta l b urde n, the

c o ntrib utio n o f re c yc ling a nd the c a pa c ity o f wa ste tre a tme nt,

e na b ling a b e tte r a wa re ne ss o f ho w muc h impa c t huma n

a c tivity (so c ia l, e c o no mic a nd po litic a l) is c a using in the na tura l e nviro nme nt

URBAN METABOLISM ANALYSIS

• 2. Aims to quantify gr

e e nhouse gas (GHG) e missions 3,4. U se mate r ial and e ne r gy e valuation to suppor t de cisions conce r ning public policy I n o rde r to de a l with pro b le ms suc h a s po llutio n, se wa g e tre a tme nt, re so urc e sc a rc ity, wa te r sho rta g e a nd the fo rma tio n o f he a t isla nds, diffe re nt o ptio ns in urb a n de sig n a re a sse sse d with the a id o f ma the ma tic a l mo de ls, whic h sho ws the c ho ic e s tha t b e st b a la nc e g re a te r so c ia l a nd e c o no mic a dva nc e me nts with lo we r e c o lo g ic a l e ffe c ts

URBAN METABOLISM URBAN METABOLISM ANALYSIS

DIFFICULTIES IN URBAN METABOLISM ANALYSIS

• 1. da ta sc a rc ity a t the c ity le ve l
• 2. diffic ulty in tra c king info rma l, unre g ula te d, ille g a l o r de c e ntra lize d

syste ms, whic h in mo st o f the wo rld inc lude s flo ws o f fo o d, ma te ria l a nd info rma l g o o ds,

• 3. a la c k o f sta nda rdize d me tho d fo r e xa mining urb a n me ta b o lism,

ma king c o mpa riso n o f c itie s' me ta b o lisms q uite diffic ult

• 4. the fluid na ture o f urb a n me ta b o lisms, whic h a re diffic ult to e xpre ss

in sta tic q ua ntific a tio ns,

• 5. the na ture o f c itie s a s o pe n syste ms, whic h e xte nds the c itie s'

e c o lo g ic a l fo o tprint be yo nd its po int o f po litic a l o r a dministra tive c o ntro l

CONCLUSION

T he re isan ur

ge nt ne e d to impro ve the unde rsta nding

• f c itie s a nd the ir me ta b o lism, ho we ve r is pre sse d no t o nly b y

the so c ia l re le va nc e o f urb a n e nviro nme nts, b ut a lso b y the a va ila b ility o f ne w stra te g ie s fo r c ity-sc a le inte rve ntio ns tha t a re e na b le d b y e me rg ing te c hno lo g ie s. Urb a n pla nning is c r

uc ial to a ddre ss re silie nc e a nd c lima te

c ha ng e a da pta tio n. I n this se nse , a c o mpre he nsive stra te g y fo r urb a n pla nning sho uld b e b a se d o n inte rse c to ria l inte rve ntio ns.

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