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Maria Burton, REU Student Shiva Sunder, Graduate Mentor
- Dr. Cumaraswamy Vipulanandan, Faculty Advisor
Maria Burton, REU Student Shiva Sunder, Graduate Mentor Dr. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Maria Burton, REU Student Shiva Sunder, Graduate Mentor Dr. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Maria Burton, REU Student Shiva Sunder, Graduate Mentor Dr. Cumaraswamy Vipulanandan, Faculty Advisor What is Grouting? From liquid to solid with time Foundation stability Modify or improve the ground Mend leaking sewer system
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Literature Review
Ozurel and Vipulanandan (2005) – Acrylamide Grout with Water *diluting acrylamide grout with water affects the mechanical properties
- f grouted sands, however, diluting grout with up to 50% of water does
not affect the permeability of grouted sand Tomomi (2004) – Surfactants in Starches *The final viscosity of cereal starch paste with surfactants was found to be higher than control; higher surfactant concentration leads to higher final viscosity of cereal starch paste Queimada (2003) – Surface tension & Viscosity Relationship *In 1966, Pelofsky introduced a linear relation between surface tension and viscosity
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(1) Study viscosity, temperature, and gelling time of acrylamide grout as it varied with time
Objectives
Focus: Observe effects of a cationic surfactant on acrylamide grout & grouted sand properties (2) Study viscosity, temperature, and gelling time of acrylamide grout as it varied with time with surfactant added (3) Study compressive strength of acrylamide grouted sand (4) Study compressive strength of acrylamide grouted sand with surfactant added
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Grout: AV-100 acrylamide chemical grout Catalyst: AV-102 catalyst AP Activator: AV-101 catalyst T+
Materials
Surfactant: Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB, cationic surfactant (+) standard coarse fine 60% fine, 40% coarse Sands:
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AV-100 grout +
Viscosity - Grout (without surfactant)
+ Water
viscosity in viscometer…
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Viscosity vs. Percentage of AV-100 by weight
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AV-100 grout + Temperature with time - Grout Mix (without surfactant) + Catalyst + Activator + Water
- Temp. in viscometer…
- Temp. sitting idle…
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Temperature vs. Time
While in viscometer… (stirring involved) Out of viscometer… (no stirring)
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AV-100 grout
Viscosity – Grout (with surfactant)
AV-100 grout AV-100 grout + Surfactant + Water AV-100 grout + Surfactant + Water viscosity in viscometer…
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Viscosity vs. Surfactant Content
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AV-100 grout +
- Temp. & Density with time – Surfactant-Grout Mix
+ Surfactant + Catalyst + Activator + Water
- Temp. sitting idle…
density - change in weight…
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Temperature vs. Time – Surfactant-Grout Mix Density vs. Time – Surfactant-Grout Mix
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Surfactant-Grout Mixes
mix 11 ii mix 11 iv
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Sand
Filter
Disposal Bucket
Grout out…
Grout injection mold set-up…
Sand
Filter
Air Pressure
Grout in…
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Specimens being injected with grout mix…
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Specimens coated with sulfur… Tri-axial Testing machine
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Specimen in Tri-axial Machine…
Sulfur
Load
Grouted Sand Specimen Sulfur
Base
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Load applied to specimen until failure…
(grouted with grout mix without surfactant) Specimens 1-8 after failure… 1 5 6 7 8 4 3 2
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Variation in strain with d50 Variation in strength with d50 Variation in strain with d50
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Specimens 9-16 after grouted with surfactant-grout mix
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Conclusion
With the addition of surfactant in acrylamide grout… (1) gelling time increased (2) the viscosity increased (3) the rate of temperature-increase with respect to time decreased (4) strength of the grouted sand decreased >> CTAB surfactant modified the grout properties >> Grouted sand properties were reduced (or affected) by the addition of surfactant
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