MAR ARKET KET POTENT TENTIAL IAL FOR GE GENE NE EDI DITING - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Swine Summit 2018 MAR ARKET KET POTENT TENTIAL IAL FOR GE GENE NE EDI DITING TING Dr. Roger Johnson RCJ Consulting Denison, Iowa Presen esentation tation Over ervie view The Chal allen lenges ges We Face Global Local
RCJ Consulting Denison, Iowa
Swine Summit 2018
■ The Chal allen lenges ges We Face – Global – Local ■ The Oppor
unities es That Lay Ahead ad – Global – Local ■ Genet etic c Impro rovemen ement Overview – Traditional Strategies – “New Generation” Strategies
▪ Genetic Engineering ▪ Cloning
▪ Gene Editing
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■ World Popul ulati ation n 34% 34% ■ Ur Urbani aniza zati tion n – fro rom 54% 54% to 66% ■ Middle Class – fro rom 50% to 70%
Source: 2014 GAP Report
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Source: ccafs.cigar.org/bigfacts
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■ Prot rotein n Revolutio ution n by 2050 – 2x livestock, k, poultr try y & fish
➢
70% in Develop lopin ing Count ntries ries
➢ Grain
ins s & oilsee seeds ds demand nd
■ Prot rotein n Revolutio ution n – 2013 to 2030 – Poultr try y & Eggs 63% 63% – Milk 55 55% – Ruminant nant Meat 44 44% ■ Prot rotein n Revolutio ution n – 2013 to 2023 – Fish consum umpti tion n 9% 9%
Source: 2014 GAP Report
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Source: biotech-now.org
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Source: 2014 GAP Report
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■ Curre rent nt Growth wth Targe get 60% % by 2050 – Corn 67% 67% – Rice 42% 42% – Wheat at 38% 38% – Soybean ean 55% 55%
Source: ccafs.cigar.org/bigfacts
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■ Animal Welfare
– Sow Housing, Rearing Practices
■ Antibiotic usage/resistance ■ Traceability ■ Export Barriers (Russia, China, EU) ■ Food Safety, Product Recalls, Imported Items ■ Local, Organic, Slow Food Movement ■ Immigration ■ Environment/Carbon Footprint ■ Food for Fuel-Ethanol ■ Sustainability ■ Nutritional Components of Food-Fat, Sodium, Gluten
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■ Local al ■ Factor
■ Group p Housed ed ■ Free ee Range ■ Made e in Rural al Amer eric ica ■ GMO vs vs non-GM GMO ■ Natu tural ral ■ Organic nic ■ ABF ■ Never er Ever ■ Never er Ever3 ■ Susta tain inab ability ility ■ Global al Mark rket t or Consumer ers ■ Meat t of Choic ice ■ HSUS S & PETA ■ Food
ion ■ Slow
vs Fast t Food
■ Animal al Care e Legis islat ation ion ■ Superb rbug ugs ■ “Nightmare Bacteria” ■ Trans Fatt tty Acid ■ Gluten en Free ee ■ Third d Pa Party ty Inspec ecti tions
■ Carbon bon footp
int
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Other Others Ar Argentina gentina Austr ustralia alia Canada Canada EU EU For
mer USSR SSR United Sta United States tes
Source: USDA, Foreig ign n Agricult ultural ural Servic ice, Pro roduc uctio ion n Supply y and Distrib ibut utio ion n (PS&D) Datab abas ase
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Source ce: : https:/ ://21st 1stcenturys ysoci cialcr critic.b c.blogspo spot.com/ .com/p/ p/met methane-informa mation-and-disc scuss ssions.h .html ml 19
20 Source ce: : FAO
68% 68% Land Requ quireme ment nt in 50 years
Source: USDA-NASS (as of Jan 2017) 21
Source: USDA, Economic Research Service using data from USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, June Agricultural Survey. 22
19 1996 96 - 2010
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▪ Selective Breeding vs Natural Selection ▪ Within Line Selection ▪ Crossbreeding
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■ Genetic Engineering – Alter erati tion
binati tion
tic materia erial l under er labora borator
diti tions
■ Trans nsgeni genics cs ■ GMO
■ Cloning – Pro rocess ess of pro roduc ducing ing simila lar populat ulations ions of geneti tically lly ident ntic ical l indiv ivid iduals ls ■ Gene Editing – Inser ertion, ion, deleti tion
lacement ement of DNA at a specif ific ic site e in the e genome e
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Result ult GMO Grains ns
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1.
duce the best t animal mal populati tion. n. 2.
duce endange ngered red or even exti tinc nct t speci cies. s. 3.
kly y create more source ces s of food, , especi cially y meat. t. 4.
tic testi ting ng and drug ug research. h. 5.
ng back lost st pets. .
1.
persona sonality ty. 2.
mal cruelty ty. . 3.
nsive. . 4.
uces geneti tic c diversity sity. . 5.
man n cloni ning? ng?
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2001 1 – 2008 08
■ FDA's Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) asked livestock producers to voluntarily keep food from clones and their offspring out
further evaluate the issue. ■ Iowa State Fair Champion Steer – 2010 Champion was a clone
– As a pre-caution, the meat did not enter the public food chain
Post-2008 08
FDA CVM concluded: ■ Cloning poses no unique risks to animal health ■ Composition of clone food products no different from conventional food products ■ Therefore, no additional risks to people eating food from clones or clone offspring
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■ Inser ertion, tion, delet etion ion or replace acement ent of DNA A at a speci cific ic site in the genom
■ Techni chniques ues
– CRISP SPR – TALENs LENs – ZFNs – ODM
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■ AquaB AquaBoun
ty Technologies (early 1990’s) ■ Chinoo
k Salmon
e with Atlant antic ic Salmon
■ Genetic tic Editing ting – Gro rowth th hormone e gene fro rom Chinoo
k Salmo mon Atlantic antic Salmon mon – GH regulat lator gene from Ocean Pout t Atlan lantic tic Salmo mon ■ Results lts – 2x Faster r Gro rowth th
■ 36 mon 18 18 mon
– Imp mpro roved d FE ■ USA – Appro proved ed (11/2015) but – No Not Ava vail ilabl able ■ Canad ada – Appr proved ed (4/2016) – Ava vail ilable le (8/2017)
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Species Targe get Targe geted d Trait/ t/Goal
Cattle tle
traspecies ecies POLLED LED allele ele substit titution ution
tati tin n (gene e knockout)
reased ed muscle le yield eld
eta-lac lactoglo
bulin (gene e knockou
t)
imination nation of milk k allerge rgen
erti tion
taphin hin trans nsgen gene
ease e resista tance nce
ertion tion of lysoz
e transgen nsgene
ease e resistance tance
erti tion
nsgen gene
istance to tuber erculos ulosis is
Knockout = inactivation of gene function 33
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Species Targ rget Targ rgeted d Trait/ t/Goal Goal Pig
D163 (gene e knockout)
S Virus us Resista tance nce
erspec ecies ies RELA allele ele substi tituti tution
rican an Swine e Fever er Resista tance nce
tati tin n (gene e knockout)
reased ed muscle le yield eld
iminat nate e Physic ical l Castra trati tion
Source: Tousignant nant, 2015 15
Knockout = inactivation of gene function
Species Targ rget Targ rgeted d Trait/ t/Goal Goal
Chick cken en
umin n (gene ne knock ckou
mina nation
umin n in egg
ermli mline ne gene ne editing ng Goat
n (gene ne knock ckou
ncrea eased ed musc scle e grow
ein gene e knock ckou
mina nation
ein
eta-lact ctogl
n gene ne knock
mina nation
k aller ergen gen Sheep ep
n (gene ne knock ckou
ncrea eased ed musc scle e yield
Knockout = inactivation of gene function 35
1.
rent dise seases ses 2.
ger and healthi thier lifespa span 3.
ving ng problems ms – one at a time, me, thus s making ng the futur ure better 4.
1.
t to be flawl wless ss 2.
y to know 3.
ying ng God? d? 4.
signe gner babies? s?
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■ Januar uary y 2017 ■ Dr Draft t FD FDA A regul ulat ation ion ■ View “Animals whose genom
s have been en altered intentionally” as dr s drug ugs. s.
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#187
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➢ Misinf nfor
mati tion
ates s Fear ➢ Ther erefor efore, e, it it is is es essenti ential al to tel ell “THE” Story rather er than “A” Story