Mapping the Realm of Mapping the Realm of Hot Jupiters Jupiters - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Mapping the Realm of Mapping the Realm of Hot Hot Jupiters Jupiters

Bun Bun’ ’ei ei Sato Sato（ （OAO/NAOJ OAO/NAOJ） ）, Shigeru Ida , Shigeru Ida（ （Titech Titech） ）, , Eri Eri Toyota Toyota（ （Kobe Univ. Kobe Univ.） ）, Masashi , Masashi Omiya Omiya（ （Tokai Univ. Tokai Univ.） ）, , Debra Fischer Debra Fischer（ （SFSU SFSU） ）, , Greg Laughlin Greg Laughlin（ （UC Santa Cruz UC Santa Cruz） ）, , Paul Butler Paul Butler（ （Carnegie Inst. of Washington Carnegie Inst. of Washington） ）, , Geoff Marcy Geoff Marcy（ （UC Berkeley UC Berkeley） ）

Mapping the Realm of Hot Mapping the Realm of Hot Jupiters Jupiters

• Doppler search for Hot

Doppler search for Hot Jupiters Jupiters with with Subaru/ Subaru/HDS HDS, Keck, Magellan , Keck, Magellan（ （N2K N2K consortium consortium） ）

• Hunting

Hunting “ “transiting transiting” ” planets planets

• Since 2004,

Since 2004, 7 7 planets were discovered from N2K planets were discovered from N2K

• 1 transiting planet

1 transiting planet （ （HD149026b HD149026b） ） from Subaru from Subaru

• ~

~45 45 more planet more planet-

• candidates not yet confirmed

candidates not yet confirmed

• Subaru intensive program

Subaru intensive program

• S06A

S06A（ （10 nights 10 nights） ）, , S06B S06B（ （10 nights 10 nights） ）

• Determine orbital parameters of planet

Determine orbital parameters of planet-

• candidates

candidates making use of long time making use of long time-

• baseline

baseline

• New planets confirmed

New planets confirmed

Hot Hot Jupiters Jupiters

• Giant planets in short

Giant planets in short-

• period orbits

period orbits

• P

P＜ ＜14d 14d、 、M Mp

psin

sini i＞ ＞0.5M 0.5MJ

J：

： ~ ~20 20％ ％ of

• f exoplanets

exoplanets

• High

High-

• probability transit candidates

probability transit candidates

• information about planet itself

information about planet itself （ （radius, internal radius, internal structure, atmosphere, etc. structure, atmosphere, etc.） ）

• Tracers of multi

Tracers of multi-

• planet systems

planet systems

• resonant configuration

resonant configuration

• rbital evolution of planetary systems
• rbital evolution of planetary systems
• Test case of planet formation theory

Test case of planet formation theory

• migration, tidal circularization,,,

migration, tidal circularization,,,

Transiting Planets Transiting Planets

Planetary radius Planetary radius density, internal structure density, internal structure （ （w/ or w/o solid core w/ or w/o solid core） ） Infrared emission Infrared emission from planets from planets temperature, temperature, atmosphere, atmosphere, albedo albedo,,, ,,, Transmission Transmission spectroscopy spectroscopy Provide information on planet Provide information on planet itself which can itself which can’ ’t be obtained t be obtained from Doppler observations from Doppler observations

Secondary Secondary Eclipse Eclipse

elements in elements in atmosphere atmosphere Rossiter Rossiter effect effect spin spin-

• orbit alignment
• rbit alignment

HD 149026 HD 149026

Transit planet from Subaru, Keck, Transit planet from Subaru, Keck, Fairborn Fairborn （ （V=8.2 V=8.2， ，G0IV G0IV） ）

Photometry

・ ・M Mp

psin

sini i = = 0.36 0.36± ±0.0 0.03 3 M MJ

JUP UP →

→ 1.2 M 1.2 MSAT

SAT

P=2.8766 d K=43.3 m/s e=0

・ ・R Rp

p = 0.725

= 0.725± ±0.05 0.05 R RJ

JUP UP →

→ 0.86 0.86 R RSAT

SAT

（ （i i = 85.3 = 85.3± ±1.0 1.0°） °）

70 70M ME

E solid core

solid core

Support core Support core-

• accretion scenario as

accretion scenario as planet formation mechanism planet formation mechanism However, the origin of such a huge However, the origin of such a huge core is still unknown core is still unknown

Sato et al. 2005 Sato et al. 2005

• HD209458

HD209458（ （V=7.7 V=7.7） ）, HD149026 , HD149026（ （V=8.2 V=8.2） ）, , HD189733 HD189733 （ （V=7.7 V=7.7） ）, HAT , HAT-

• P

P-

• 1

1（ （V=10 V=10） ）

Key: Key: Detection of transiting planets in bright stars Detection of transiting planets in bright stars （ （V<10 V<10） ） for precise follow for precise follow-

• up observations

up observations

“ “Doppler survey Doppler survey → → Hot Jupiter Hot Jupiter → → Transit Transit” ” is the most efficient at present is the most efficient at present

• Transit systems from photometric survey

Transit systems from photometric survey （ （OGLE, OGLE, TrES TrES, , WASP,, WASP,,） ） are too faint are too faint （ （V=14 V=14-

• 16

16） ） for Doppler follow for Doppler follow-

• up

up

• Small transit depth of HD149026 would have been

Small transit depth of HD149026 would have been missed by current transit survey. Precise ephemeris is missed by current transit survey. Precise ephemeris is crucial to detect such a small variation. crucial to detect such a small variation.

N2K Consortium N2K Consortium

• Search for Hot

Search for Hot Jupiters Jupiters around around next 2000 solar next 2000 solar-

• type stars

type stars

• Keck

Keck（ （USA USA）、 ）、Magellan Magellan（ （Chile Chile）、 ）、 Subaru Subaru（ （Japan Japan） ）

• Aiming to detect

Aiming to detect 60 60 Hot Hot Jupiters Jupiters and and 5 5～ ～6 6 transiting planets transiting planets

• Precise Doppler measurement

Precise Doppler measurement using Iodine absorption cell using Iodine absorption cell

• Current precision with HDS

Current precision with HDS ~3 m/s ~3 m/s （ （short short-

• term

term） ） ~10 m/s ~10 m/s （ （long long-

• term

term） ）

Group Members Group Members

• Bun

Bun’ ’ei ei Sato Sato（ （PI PI） ）・・・ ・・・Observation Observation、 、Reduction Reduction、 、Analysis Analysis

• Shigeru Ida

Shigeru Ida・・・ ・・・Theory Theory

• Eri

Eri Toyota, Masashi Toyota, Masashi Omiya Omiya・・・ ・・・Observation Observation、 、Reduction Reduction、 、 Analysis Analysis

• Debra Fischer

Debra Fischer（ （PI of PI of N2K N2K） ）・・・ ・・・Observation Observation、 、Analysis Analysis

• G

Greg reg Laughlin Laughlin・・・ ・・・Theory Theory

• P

Paul aul Butler Butler・・・ ・・・Reduction Reduction、 、Analysis Analysis

• G

Geoff eoff Marcy Marcy

• （

（Graduate students Graduate students） ）

• Transit Network in Japan & USA

Transit Network in Japan & USA

• Greg Henry

Greg Henry（ （USA USA） ）

• Jun

Jun-

• ichi

ichi Watanabe Watanabe（ （NAOJ NAOJ） ）, Osamu , Osamu Oshima Oshima（ （Kamogata Kamogata High High-

• School

School） ）, Shin , Shin-

• ichiro

ichiro Ishiguma Ishiguma（ （Kobe Univ. Kobe Univ.） ）, et al. , et al.

Strategy Strategy

• Database of 14,000 stars

Database of 14,000 stars

・ ・ V

V＜ ＜10.5, d 10.5, d＜ ＜110 pc, FGK V,IV 110 pc, FGK V,IV ・ ・ metalliicty metalliicty, activity, binary,,, , activity, binary,,,

• High priority to metal

High priority to metal-

• rich stars

rich stars

Detection probability from Monte Carlo Simulation

• ３＋１

３＋１ nights observation nights observation

・ ・Identify candidates in Identify candidates in 3

3 consecutive consecutive nights nights ・ ・RMS RMS＞ ＞20 m/s 20 m/s → → follow follow-

• up

up ・ ・RMS RMS＜ ＜20 m/s 20 m/s → → drop drop ・ ・Confirm candidates after 1 more night Confirm candidates after 1 more night in 1 month later in 1 month later

（0.5MJ）

HDS Observation HDS Observation

• λ

λ=3500 =3500-

• 6100

6100Å Å

• R~45,000

R~45,000

• SN~150 for V~8 with 80s exp.

SN~150 for V~8 with 80s exp.

• RV precision using Iodine Cell

RV precision using Iodine Cell

• ~3 m/s

~3 m/s （ （within the same run within the same run） ）

• ~10 m/s

~10 m/s （ （long long-

• term

term） ）

• systematic error between pre

systematic error between pre-

• and post

and post-

• I

I2

2 cell replacement

cell replacement (and pre (and pre-

• and post

and post-

• earthquake)

earthquake)

• >100 stars/night

>100 stars/night

• Observations are now almost

Observations are now almost fully automated fully automated

• bservers only need change
• bservers only need change

exposure time exposure time

• great effort by

great effort by Tajitsu Tajitsu-

• san

san Iodine Cell in front of the slit of HDS （since Jun. 2006） σ＝9.8 m/s HD9407（RV Std.）

Status Status

635 635 stars

stars >3 times: 512 stars >3 times: 512 stars <2 times: 123 stars <2 times: 123 stars

• S04A

S04A（ （4 nights 4 nights） ）

• S04B

S04B（ （4 4 nights nights） ）

• S05B

S05B（ （5 5 nights nights） ）

• S0

S06A 6A（ （10 nights 10 nights） ） 6 6 （ （Jun. Jun.） ）+4 +4 （ （Jul. Jul.） ）

• S0

S06 6B B（ （10 nights 10 nights） ） 10 10 （ （Dec. Dec.） ） find planet candidates find planet candidates confirm orbital parameters confirm orbital parameters （ （and find new planet candidates and find new planet candidates） ）

RV Variations RV Variations

2004-2005 （275 stars）

26 stars （20<σRV<200 m/s）

New Planet from Subaru New Planet from Subaru

G5IV P=21 d K1=259 m/s e=0.68 Mpsini=2.9 MJ a=0.16 AU M1=1.2M [Fe/H]=0.22

New Planet from Subaru New Planet from Subaru

G5 P=35 d K1=125 m/s e=0.3 Mpsini=1.9 MJ a=0.2 AU （M1=1M）

Confirm Transiting Planet Confirm Transiting Planet

HAT HAT-

• P

P-

• 1

1

（ （Bakos Bakos et al. 2006 et al. 2006） ） P=4.46529 d K1=60.3 m/s e=0.09 Mpsini=0.53MJ Rp=1.36RJ

Secondary star in a binary system has a trasiting hot jupiter Photometry by HAT-NET white: Subaru RV black: Keck RV

Metallicity Metallicity

Fischer et al. （in preparation）

Nobs = 188

Future Prospects Future Prospects

• Improve measurement precision

Improve measurement precision

• ~10 m/s systematic error between pre

~10 m/s systematic error between pre-

• and post

and post-

• I

I2

2 cell

cell replacement (and pre replacement (and pre-

• and post

and post-

• earthquake)

earthquake)

• improvement of software is required

improvement of software is required

• ~10 new planets will be discovered from the

~10 new planets will be discovered from the current data current data

• 10

10-

• 20 planet candidates need additional follow

20 planet candidates need additional follow-

• up observations

up observations

• planet candidates with longer

planet candidates with longer （ （and multiple and multiple） ） periods periods

• new candidates found from intensive runs

new candidates found from intensive runs

Contribution to Community Contribution to Community

• Large database of solar

Large database of solar-

• type stars

type stars

• 635 stars from Subaru

635 stars from Subaru （ （2000 stars from N2K 2000 stars from N2K） ）

• metallicity

metallicity, activity, binary, radial velocity,,, , activity, binary, radial velocity,,,

• Targets of future mission

Targets of future mission

• direct detection of outer planets

direct detection of outer planets

• HJ with large eccentricity have outer planets ?

HJ with large eccentricity have outer planets ? （ （“ “sling sling-

• shot

shot” ” scenario scenario） ）

Merit of Queue Merit of Queue-

• Observation

Observation

• Quick determination of short

Quick determination of short-

• period orbit

period orbit

• ex.) 10 consecutive nights

ex.) 10 consecutive nights

• Regular monitoring of long

Regular monitoring of long-

• period orbit

period orbit

• ex.) every 1~2 month

ex.) every 1~2 month

• A few tens of planet

A few tens of planet-

• candidates need such

candidates need such extensive monitoring extensive monitoring

• not necessary need

not necessary need “ “full full” ” consecutive nights consecutive nights

• ex.) 1~3 hours

ex.) 1~3 hours× ×10 consecutive nights 10 consecutive nights

• ex.) 1 hour at every HDS night

ex.) 1 hour at every HDS night