Mapping Metalinguistic Knowledge in Dili, Timor-Leste Melody Ann - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Mapping Metalinguistic Knowledge in Dili, Timor-Leste Melody Ann Ross 13 th East-West Center International Graduate Student Conference February 13-15, 2014 Overview Introduction Research Question Where is Dili, ethnoling makeup

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Mapping Metalinguistic Knowledge in Dili, Timor-Leste

Melody Ann Ross 13th East-West Center International Graduate Student Conference February 13-15, 2014

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Overview

  • Introduction
  • Research Question

– Where is Dili, ethnoling makeup – History and effect on Dili’s Demographics

  • Lit Review

– Map tasks, perceptual dialectology – The importance of speaker intuitions – Sociolinguistics in Dili, what specifically

  • Methods
  • Participants

– language issues

  • Results

– Unique Lgs, Total Lgs, Word Counts – Maps

  • Conclusions

– Future Research (ask for mother tongues!!) rankings?

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Dili Introduction

  • 1400’s – Portuguese Colony
  • 1975 – Power shifts to Indonesia
  • 1999 – Power shifts to UN
  • 2002 – Independence
  • 2006 – Crisis
  • 2013 – UN ends mission

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Dili Introduction

  • Dili Demographics

– large youth population – highest dropout rates in the country

  • highest literacy rates

– wealthiest citizens – 74% of all migrants in the country settle in Dili

  • 51% of this group is under the age of 30
  • Linguistically Diverse

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Introduction

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Lit Review

– John Hajek, University of Melbourne

  • 2000; Sociolinguistic Environment in East Timor:

Colonial Practice and Changing Language Ecologies

– Aone van Engelenhoven, Leiden University

  • 2006; Ita-nia Nasaun Oin-Ida, Ita-nia Dalen Sira

Oin-Seluk: Our Nation is One, Our Languages are Different

– Kerry Taylor-Leech, Griffith University

  • 2008; Language and identity in East Timor

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Lit Review

  • Dennis Preston, 1982

– From performance-based dialectology to perceptual dialectology – Performance-based rely on professional elicitation and analysis of observed behavior – Perceptual rely on opinions and experiences

  • f non-professionals

– Why is this important?

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Lit Review

  • Currently, studies tend to focus on macro-

areas in the West

– Bucholtz, Mary, et al. (2007) “Hella Nor Cal or Totally So Cal?: The Perceptual Dialectology

  • f California”

– Fought, Carmen. (2002) “California Students’ Perceptions of, You Know, Regions and Dialects?” – Purschke, Christoph. (2011) “Regional linguistic knowledge and perception: on the conceptualization of Hessian”

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Research Questions

  • Anecdotes suggesting that certain people

tend to settle in certain places:

– What are Dili resident’s perceptions of language use in Dili?

  • What factors influence perceptions of language

use in Dili?

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Methods

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Methods

  • Distribution

– Student Training – Problems

  • map culture, labels
  • group mentality
  • infrastructure
  • Metadata entered in Excel for qualitative

analysis in R

– total word counts, total language labels, unique language labels, demographic groups, etc.

  • Quadrat analysis

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Participants

12 F M 20 30 40 50 60

Participant's Age

Mean of both groups=26 Years F M 5 10 15 20 25 30

Participant's Years Lived in Dili

Mean of both groups=13 Years

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3 5 19 7 2 8 5 10 3 2 2 1 9

Participants

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40yo; F; Baucau; 17 years in Dili

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24yo; F; Baucau; 2 years in Dili

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Mother tongues become like district identities for each person in East Timor and

  • ne feels proud to bring and preserve those languages there into the international

world. 20yo; M; Dili; 20 years in Dili

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24yo; F; Baucau; 20 years in Dili

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Unique Languages (20)

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31 1 113 3 91 30 4 6 13 69 12 182 198 5 35 1 82 54 32 25 50 100 150 200 250

Total Language Labels

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Population (p=0.9)

19 50000 100000 150000 50 100 150 200

Actual Speaker Populations and Perceived Populations in Dili

2010 Census Language Population Map Language Frequency Baikeno Bekais Bunak English Chinese Fataluku Galolen Idate Indonesian Kairui Kemak Makalero Makasae Mambae Midiki Naueti Portuguese Rahesuk TetunTerik Tokodede Waima'a

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Languages of One’s Own District

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10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Total Number of Labels

Own-District and Non-District Languages by District

Own-District Language Non-District Language

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Results - Mambae

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Central Timor-Leste, 130,000 speakers

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Results - Bunak

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Mountain-Central Timor-Leste, 75,000 speakers

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Results - Kemak

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West Timor-Leste, 72,000 speakers

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Results - Makasae

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Eastern Timor-Leste, 70,000 speakers

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Results - Fataluku

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Far Eastern Timor-Leste, 30,000 speakers

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Conclusions

  • Maps show that respondents don’t believe certain

languages to be in certain areas

  • Different groups (male, female, young, old, etc.)

did not show significant differences of opinion

  • Maps show high linguistic and social awareness
  • Labels show that respondents’ awareness of

languages roughly corresponds to their speaker populations (p=.9)

  • Speakers are more likely to identify languages

from outside their districts that their ‘own’ languages

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References

  • BUCHOLTZ, Mary, Nancy BERMUDEZ, Victor FUNG, Lisa EDWARDS, & Rosalva VARGAS. (2007)

“Hella Nor Cal or Totally So Cal?: The Perceptual Dialectology of California”, Journal of English Linguistics 35: 325-352.

  • DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF TIMOR-LESTE. (2010). “Highlights of the 2010 Census Main Results in Timor-

Leste.” Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, Dili.

  • EVANS, Betsy E. (2002) “Attitudes of Montreal Students Towards Varieties of French”, in Daniel Long

and Dennis

  • Preston (eds.) Handbook of Perceptual Dialectology. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 71-93.
  • FOUGHT, Carmen. (2002) “California Students’ Perceptions of, You Know, Regions and Dialects?”, in
  • D. Long and D. Preston (eds.) Handbook of Perceptual Dialectology, vol. 2. Amsterdam: John

Benajmins, 117-136.

  • HAJEK, John. (2000) “Language planning and the sociolinguistic environment in East Timor: Colonial

practice and changing language ecologies.” Current Issues in Language Planning 1:400–413.

  • INOUE, Fumio. (1999) “Classification of dialects by image”, in Dennis Preston (ed.) Handbook of

Perceptual Dialectology, vol. 2. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 161-176.

  • PRESTON, Dennis R. (1982) “Perceptual Dialectology: Mental maps of the United States dialects

from a Hawaiian Perspective”, University of Hawai‘i Working Papers in Linguistics 14(2): 5-49.

  • PRESTON, Dennis R. (1989) Perceptual Dialectology. Dordrecht: Foris.
  • PURSCHKE, Christoph. (2011) “Regional linguistic knowledge and perception: on the

conceptualization of Hessian”, Dialectologia special issue II, 91-118.

  • TAYLOR-LEECH, Kerry. (2008). “Language and identity in East Timor: The discourses of nation

building.” Language problems and language planning, 32, 2, 153-180.

  • VAN ENGELENHOVEN, Aone. (2006) “Ita-nia Nasaun Oin-Ida, Ita-nia Dalen Sira Oin-Seluk: Our

Nation is One, Our Languages are Different.”, in: Paulo Castro Seixas & Aone van Engelenhoven (eds) Diversidade Cultural na Construção da Nação e do Estado em Timor-Leste (pp. 106-131), Porto: Fernando Pessoa University Press.

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