Majorons in the Sky and in the Lab Julian Heeck Oklahoma State - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Majorons in the Sky and in the Lab Julian Heeck Oklahoma State - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Majorons in the Sky and in the Lab Julian Heeck Oklahoma State University 9/17/2020 Neutrinos have masses and mix Mass splittings Angles Phase(s) Ordering Mass scale Dirac vs. Majorana Mass

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Majorons in the Sky and in the Lab

Julian Heeck Oklahoma State University 9/17/2020

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Neutrinos have masses and mix

  • Mass splittings ✔
  • Angles ✔
  • Phase(s) ✘
  • Ordering ✘
  • Mass scale ✘
  • Dirac vs.

Majorana ✘

  • Mass origin ✘
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  • SM + 3 singlets NR + new scalar
  • Break U(1)L spontaneously:
  • For

Majoronic seesaw

Majoron Heavy scalar Lepton number breaking scale [Chikashige, Mohapatra, Peccei, ‘81; Schechter, Valle, ‘82]

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Majoron couplings

  • Tree-level coupling only to neutrinos:
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Majoron couplings

  • Tree-level coupling only to neutrinos:
  • Assume Pseudo-Goldstone Majoron: mJ ≠ 0.
  • Long lifetime → Dark matter!

[Berezinsky, Valle ‘93; Lattanzi, Valle ‘07; Bazzocchi et al, ‘08; Queiroz, Sinha, ‘14] [Rothstein, Babu, Seckel, ‘93]

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Dark matter abundance

  • Freeze out via λ JJHH:

– mJ ~ mh/2, – mJ > 400 GeV.

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Dark matter abundance

  • Freeze out via λ JJHH:

– mJ ~ mh/2, – mJ > 400 GeV.

  • Freeze in:

[McDonald, ‘02; Hall, Jedamzik, March-Russell, West ‘10; Frigerio, Hambye, Masso, ‘11]

Lyman-α excludes mJ< 12 keV! Use different mechanism:

JH, Teresi, 1706.09909, 1709.07283.

Stephen West

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Indirect detection

  • General limit from DM → invisible:

[Audren, Lesgourgues, Mangano, Serpico, Tram, ‘14]

  • Can we observe the neutrino lines?

– mJ > 10 TeV: No. Dominant decay is J →ννh(h).

► no line!

– Also want to avoid electroweak Bremsstrahlung. – For MeV < mJ < 100 GeV: Yes!

[Dudas, Mambrini, Olive, ‘15] [Kachelriess, Serpico, ‘07; Bell, Dent, Jacques, Weiler, ‘08; Queiroz, Yaguna, Weniger, ‘16]

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Flavor of J → νk νk

Flavor ratios:

Mass eigenstates → no oscillations! [JH, Garcia-Cely, 1701.07209, JHEP ‘17]

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mJ (GeV) = 2 Eν

Lower limit on breaking scale f (GeV)

[JH, Garcia-Cely, 1701.07209, JHEP ‘17]

Excluded!

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mJ (GeV) = 2 Eν

Lower limit on breaking scale f (GeV)

[JH, Garcia-Cely, 1701.07209, JHEP ‘17]

Excluded! Threshold for νe p → n e+.

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mJ (GeV) = 2 Eν

Lower limit on breaking scale f (GeV)

[JH, Garcia-Cely, 1701.07209, JHEP ‘17]

Reinterpreted Super-K data.

[Palomares-Ruiz, 0712.1937, updated in Argüelles++, 1912.09486]

Excluded! Threshold for νe p → n e+.

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mJ (GeV) = 2 Eν

Lower limit on breaking scale f (GeV)

[JH, Garcia-Cely, 1701.07209, JHEP ‘17]

Excluded!

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Look for neutrinos from light DM!

  • ν lines detectable down to MeV.
  • For free in searches for diffuse

supernova neutrino background.

  • Borexino = indirect DM detector!
  • Darwin, Hyper-K, JUNO,…

= indirect DM detectors.

  • DM → ν easily dominant channel, no

SU(2) argument as for multi-TeV DM.

[El Aisati, Garcia-Cely, Hambye, Vanderheyden, 1706.06600]

ν

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Majoron couplings

  • Tree-level coupling only to neutrinos:
  • One loop:

[JH, Garcia-Cely, JHEP ‘17; see also Pilaftsis ‘94]

Off-diagonal!

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[JH, Patel, PRD ‘19]

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Loop induced J→γγ, qq, ℓℓ’

  • Tree-level J couplings M

∝

ν while loop level ∝

  • One-to-one mapping:
  • Loop couplings contain unknown seesaw parameters!
  • One generation:

[Chikashige, Mohapatra, Peccei, ‘81; Pilaftsis ‘94]

J→γγ, qq, ℓℓ’ are complementary to νν channel!

[Davidson, Ibarra, hep-ph/0104076]

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Indirect detection II

  • DM → ττ, bb, tt, … give

– continuous γ spectrum:

Integral, Fermi-LAT.

– anti-protons and positrons:

PAMELA, AMS-02.

  • DM decay around z ~ 1000:

– modification of CMB. [Slatyer, Wu, 1610.06933] – independent of DM profile.

  • DM→ γγ gives lines.

e,p,γ

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Indirect detection II

  • DM → ττ, bb, tt, … give

– continuous γ spectrum:

Integral, Fermi-LAT.

– anti-protons and positrons:

PAMELA, AMS-02.

  • DM decay around z ~ 1000:

– modification of CMB. [Slatyer, Wu, 1610.06933] – independent of DM profile.

  • DM→ γγ gives lines.

e,p,γ

[Slatyer, Wu, 1610.06933]

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Gamma line plot

mJ (GeV)

mJ (GeV)

[JH, Garcia-Cely, 1701.07209, JHEP ‘17]

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Gamma line plot

mJ (GeV)

mJ (GeV) Strong CMB limits.

[Slatyer, Wu, 1610.06933] [JH, Garcia-Cely, 1701.07209, JHEP ‘17]

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Gamma line plot

mJ (GeV)

mJ (GeV)

“MeV gap”, γ limits will improve a lot with e-ASTROGAM, AdEPT.

[JH, Garcia-Cely, 1701.07209, JHEP ‘17]

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Is it possible to detect dark matter via neutrinos and not gamma-rays or anti-matter? Yes!

depends on depends on

Independent / Complementary!

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Majoron = DM

  • Naturally light, long-lived DM candidate.
  • Indirect detection possible:

– MeV < mJ: J → νν, γγ, ff. – keV < mJ < MeV: J →γγ. Maybe warm DM.

  • Increase couplings to produce J in lab.
  • Measure seesaw parameters.

Majoron ≠ DM

[JH, Teresi, 1706.09909, 1709.07283]

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Majoron couplings

  • Tree-level coupling only to neutrinos:
  • One loop:

[JH, Garcia-Cely, JHEP ‘17; see also Pilaftsis ‘94]

Off-diagonal!

Too small for lab

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Properties

  • Crucial observation: the two matrices are independent!
  • Jℓℓ’ coupling can be large and of arbitrary structure.
  • Similar couplings arise for familons or flavor Z’.
  • Experimental signature depends on J decay channel:

[Davidson, Ibarra, JHEP ‘01] [Wilczek, ‘82; Reiss, ‘82; Grinstein, Preskill, Wise, 85; ...] [JH, Rodejohann, PLB ‘18; Bauer et al., PRL ‘20; Cornella et al., JHEP ‘20] [μ→e J, J→γγ: MEG, 2005.00339]

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μ→e J

  • Electron line on

top of Michel spectrum.

  • Good prospects @ Mu3e.
  • In progress: signal in

μ→e conversion exps. COMET, Mu2e(-II).

– Many muons! – Nuclear recoil: Ee up to mμ. – Suppression of tail...

[Perrevoort, 1812.00741] [Garcia i Tormo++, PRD ‘11; Uesaka, 2005.07894] [JH++, Mu2e-II Snowmass LOI]

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[JH, Garcia-Cely, JHEP ‘17] ARGUS ‘95 Limit on effective coupling

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[JH, Patel, PRD ‘19]

  • Comparison of Majoron

and non-Majoron limits.

  • vs.
  • Sterile neutrinos modify

EWPD & LFV.

  • Majoron wins for f ~ MR.
  • ℓ→ℓ’ + J possible!
  • Together with LFV in μ?

[from Coy & Frigerio, PRD ‘19]

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[JH, Patel, PRD ‘19]

  • Comparison of Majoron

and non-Majoron limits.

  • vs.
  • Sterile neutrinos modify

EWPD & LFV.

  • Majoron wins for f ~ MR.
  • ℓ→ℓ’ + J possible!
  • Together with LFV in μ?

[from Coy & Frigerio, PRD ‘19]

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[JH, Garcia-Cely, JHEP ‘17] ARGUS ‘95 Limit on effective coupling

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[JH, Patel, PRD ‘19] Limit on effective coupling

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[JH, Patel, PRD ‘19] Limit on effective coupling

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Summary

  • Majoron = simple axion-like particle connected to seesaw.
  • Seesaw parameters encoded in loop couplings (Jff & Jγγ).
  • In the sky:

– DM→νν @ JUNO, DUNE, Hyper-K, DARWIN,... – DM→γγ, ℓℓ’, qq @ Fermi, CTA, e-ASTROGAM,...

  • In the lab:

– One loop: ℓ→ℓ’ + J @ MEG, Mu3e, Mu2e, Belle II,… – Two loops: K→π J, B→K J @ NA62, Belle II, LHCb.

  • Next step: add prompt/displaced/delayed vertices, J→SM.

Always look out for lines!

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Backup

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  • Spontaneous global U(1) breaking gives mJ = 0.
  • Non-zero mass from:

– Breaking by gravity, e.g. wormholes, – Anomalies, e.g. if U(1)B-L = U(1)PQ. – Explicit breaking, e.g.

Pseudo-Goldstone

[Alonso, Urbano, 1706.07415] [Mohapatra, Senjanovic ‘83; Langacker, Peccei, Yanagida ‘86; SMASH ‘16]

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μ→e J with J→ invisible

  • TWIST, ‘15: limits on

different anisotropies.

  • Chiral coupling μPLeJ

suppresses sensitivity!

[JH, Garcia-Cely, 1701.07209]

  • Bremsstrahlung is

competitive: μ→e J γ.

[Goldman et al, ‘87]

  • Approximate limit
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μ→e J with Mu3e

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τ → ℓ J with J→ invisible

  • ARGUS, ‘95; 5e5 taus.
  • Belle, ‘16 prelim.; 1e9 taus.
  • Also interesting for LFV Z’.

[JH, 1602.03810; Altmannshofer et al, 1607.06832]

  • Improvement with Belle II.

O(20) times better than ARGUS! τ → e J τ → μ J

mJ (GeV) mJ (GeV)

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μ→e X with X→ visible

  • Take Xeγ5e me/Λee.
  • Decay length

determines signature.

  • Displaced vertex

gives new observable.

[JH, Rodejohann, PLB ‘18]

  • Muon at rest:

Sub-GeV X with ee coupling allowed?

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μ→e X with X→ ee

  • Decay length

typically below cm. looks prompt. ⇒

  • Below beam dump:

Λee > 30 TeV; mostly invisible, but some DV!

Possible in Mu3e!

[JH, Rodejohann, PLB ‘18]

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μ→e X with X→ γγ

  • Decay length

always below cm. looks prompt. ⇒

  • Below beam dump:

supernova constraints!

  • Prompt channel

still interesting, maybe MEG(II) or Mu3e extension?

[Limits: Dolan et al, JHEP ‘17]

Muons difficult, taus easier.

[JH, Rodejohann, PLB ‘18]

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τ→e X with X→ visible

  • Tau at rest,

higher X boost.

  • Arbitrary decay

lengths possible.

  • Similar for

X → ee, μμ, μe.

  • Worthwhile in LHCb

and Belle (II).

New signatures from light physics!

[Limits: Dolan et al, JHEP ‘17] [JH, Rodejohann, PLB ‘18]

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OSU 2020 Julian Heeck - Majorons 44 [Camalich, Pospelov, Vuong, Ziegler, Zupan, 2002.04623]

Quark Flavor Phenomenology of the QCD Axion