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Maison Louis Latour – Masterclass Chardonnay

Maison Louis Latour Masterclass Pinot Noir

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Maison Louis Latour – Masterclass Pinot Noir

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MASTERCLASS PINOT NOIR

Introduction

Maison Louis Latour – Masterclass Pinot Noir

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I.

• I. The

he Pin inot

• t Noi
• ir

r Grape ape II II. . Pi Pinot not Noi

• ir

r div iversit ersity II III.

• I. Pin

inot

• t Noi
• ir

r in in Bu Burgun undy dy IV IV. . Com

• mpar

parat ative ive ta tast sting ing

Sum Summar mary

Maison Louis Latour – Masterclass Pinot Noir

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The Pinot Noir grape

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I. I. Th The Pi Pinot t No Noir r Grape pe

• Burgundy red grape variety
• Soils : clay and limestone from the middle Jurassic period
• Used for dry still wine and sparkling wine
• Ancestor of more than 20 different grape varieties (Chardonnay, Gamay, Aligoté, …)
• One, if not the finest red grape variety
• Early budding
• Best in cool climate
• Colourless and sweet juice
• Very complex
• Difficult to cultivate
• Very thin skin → Sensitive to disease (oïdium

and mildew) as well as grey rot

• Early budding = Fragile to spring frost
• Small and tight berries

+

Maison Louis Latour – Masterclass Pinot Noir

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I. I. Th The Pi Pinot t No Noir r Grape pe a) Origins

• One of the oldest grape varieties:

cultivated in Burgundy since the 1st century AD

• Named after the pinecone shape
• f the grape bunches

1st Century

• Officially recognized and mentioned in

1375 in Beaune registers

• In 1395, the Duke Philippe le Hardi

banishes Gamay from Burgundy in favour of Pinot Noir

• Development of Pinot Noir in

European countries (Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Belgium, …)

14th Century

• End of phylloxera: grafting on

american rootstock

• Development and expansion of

Pinot Noir worldwide (USA, Australia, South Africa, Chili, …)

20th Century

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❖ More than 110 000 ha of Pinot Noir planted worldwide ❖ The 4th most planted grape variety in the world ❖ Top 7 countries:

I. I. Th The Pi Pinot t No Noir r Grape pe b) Pinot Noir in the world: One of the most popular grape variety

France; 30 000 USA; 16 780 Germany; 11 300 Moldavia; 6 520 Italy; 5 050 New-Zealand; 4 780 Australia; 4 690

Number of hectares per country

France USA Germany Moldavia Italy New-Zealand Australia

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❖ Evolution of planted area in France: multiplied by 3,5 from 1958 to 2011 ❖ More than 30 000 ha of Pinot Noir planted in France today ❖ Strongholds in France are Burgundy, Champagne, Languedoc-Roussillon, Loire Valley and Alsace

I. I. Th The Pi Pinot t No Noir r Grape pe c) Pinot Noir in France

5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 1958 1968 1979 1988 1998 2008 2011

Surfaca area (ha) Year Evolution of Pinot Noir vineyards in France

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Pinot Noir diversity

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• Wide array of aromas depending on where it is grown and how it is made

II. . Pi Pinot t No Noir r diversity versity

Altitude tude Lat atitude tude Soil Clima mate te Style e of wi wine ne Fran ance – Côte d’Or 200 à 380m 47,5° Clay-limestone Semi-continental (cold in winter and hot in summer – susceptible to hail thunderstorm) Delicate and elegant Cal alifornia fornia 350-450m 38° Volcanic, alluvial, clay & gravelly-sandy Mediterranean (wet and mild winter – hot , dry and sunny summer) Dark and ripe Ge Germany any 136-250m 50° Clay, limestone, marl Continental (though climate, spring and autumn frost, hoter in summer) Sweeter and lighter style

Maison Louis Latour – Masterclass Pinot Noir

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Latitude / Altitude / Slope Temperature

Date of harvest Vintage Effect Type of aromas Sugar Acidity Yield Style Scarcity Price Sunshine Rainfall Exposition

Genetic

Rootstock Clone

Soil

Type, age and compostion

Culture

Watering / Nutrition Pruning Density

Harvest

Date Method

Winemaking

Type of vat Whole bunch or not Pigeage / pumping-over Time and temperature of cold fermentation Racking Malolactic Yeast Oak treatment Batonage / stirring lies Length

II. . Pi Pinot t No Noir r diversity versity

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Pinot Noir in Burgundy

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III.

• III. Pi

Pinot t No Noir r in Burgundy undy a) Vineyards situation ❖ Burgundy total surface area: 25 000 ha

Pinot noir represents more than 35% of the vineyard area planted in Burgundy

❖ 250 kilometers from Chablis in the north to Beaujolais in the south ❖ Divided in 5 sub-regions:

• Chablis
• Côte d’Or (Côte de Nuits and Côte de Beaune)
• Côte Chalonnaise
• Mâconnais
• Beaujolais

❖ A strategic position: link between the Rhone Valley and the Paris Basin

Strongholds of Pinot Noir

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III.

• III. Pi

Pinot t No Noir r in Burgundy undy b) Climate

❖ Cont

• ntin

inental ental cli limat mate: cold winters, hot summers and abundant rainfall ❖ Se Sever eral al mic icro-cl climates imates that impact temperature, rainfall, exposure to the wind, sunshine period… ❖ Av Average age ann annual ual te temper erat atur ure: 11,5°C

0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 20,0 25,0 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER

Average temperatures (°C)

Chablis Côte d'Or Mâcon

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III.

• III. Pi

Pinot t No Noir r in Burgundy undy b) Climate

❖ Av Average age an annu nual al ho hour urs s of

• f

su sunshine nshine: 2 000 hours ❖ Mo Morning ning su suns nshi hine ne:

• In winter, helps limit the risk of

frost damage

• In summer, helps ripen the

grapes

50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Average sunlight (hours)

Chablis Côte d'Or Mâcon

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III.

• III. Pi

Pinot t No Noir r in Burgundy undy b) Climate

❖ Av Average age rai ainfa nfall ll: 700 mm on average per year, mainly in May and June → Ideal precipitation for encouraging wine growth ❖ Nor

• rth

th win ind that limits the humidity in some vineyards

0,0 20,0 40,0 60,0 80,0 100,0 120,0 140,0 160,0 180,0

Average rainfall (mm)

Chablis Côte d'Or Mâcon

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III.

• III. Pi

Pinot t No Noir r in Burgundy undy c) Vineyard situation and soil ❖ Great divers versity ity of soil ❖ Mainly composed of limestone, clay and marl ❖ East and and So Southeas theast-exposed vineyards on slopes:

• Exposure towards the rising sun: longer days of

stronger sunlight for the vines

• Protects the vines from westerly winds which can

bring humidity

• Better water drainage

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III.

• III. Pi

Pinot t No Noir r in Burgundy undy d) Viticulture ❖ Av Aver erage age dens nsity ity : 10,000 vines / ha ❖ Type of

• f pruning

ning: Simple Guyot

Only one spur with 2 buds and one cane with 8 to 10 buds are left at winter pruning

❖ Sm Small ll yealds alds: Between 35 hl/ha and 45 hl/ha

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Alcoholic fermentation Pigeage

All manual, 3 times a day.

Sorting & Destemming

Just after the harvest

Vine-Growing

From April to September

Harvest

Mid-September in average

Devating & Pressing

After 12 to 14 days of fermentation Soft pneumatic pressing

Malolactic & Ageing

For 8 to 10 months In our natural old cellars

Toping

Each barrel, every week for 8 to 10 months

Racking

Once the wine is ready

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

III.

• III. Pi

Pinot t No Noir r in Burgundy undy e) Winemaking

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Maison Louis Latour

Comparative tasting

1.

• 1. Lou
• uis

is Lat atou

• ur Bo

Bour urgogne

• gne Pin

inot

• t Noi
• ir 20

2016 16 2.

• 2. Lou
• uis

is Lat atou

• ur Bo

Bour urgogne

• gne Cuv

uvée ée Lat atou

• ur

r 20 2016 16 3.

• 3. Lou
• uis

is Lat atou

• ur Cha

hassagne ssagne-Mo Montr ntrachet achet 20 2015 15 4.

• 4. Lou
• uis

is Lat atou

• ur Al

Aloxe-Corton “Domaine Latour” 2014 5.

• 5. Lou
• uis

is Lat atou

• ur Gevr

vrey-Cha Chamb mbertin ertin 20 2016 16 6.

• 6. Lou
• uis

is Lat atou

• ur Pom
• mmar

mard 20 2016 16 7.

• 7. Lou
• uis

is Lat atou

• ur Be

Beau aune ne Premi emier er Cru u 20 2016 16 8.

• 8. Loui
• uis

s Lat atour

• ur Vos
• snee

nee-Ro Romanée manée 2016 2016

Maison Louis Latour – Masterclass Pinot Noir

IV. . Co Compar parative tive ta tasting ting

Bou

• urgog

rgogne Côte te de Nui uits Côte te de Beaune Situatio tuation From Chablis to Beaujolais From Marsannay to Corgoloin From Ladoix-Serrigny to the Maranges Sur urface face ar area 25 000 ha 250 km long 3 500 ha 20 km long Less than 1 km wide 6 000 ha 30 km long 2 km wide Avera erage ge al altitud itude 200 m and 500 m 250 m to 400 m 250 m to 400 m Orie rienta tati tion

• n

East and south East Mainly east but also south-east Lan andsc dscape ape Great diversity Indented by abruot combes Less austere than in Côte de Nuits: rounded hills with regular slopes Soil il / Te Terroi roir Mainly limestone that, altered by agents of erosion, provides diverse accumulated matter Limestone from the Middle Jurassic age Limestone and marl from the Middle Jurassic and especially Late Jurassic Mai ain n grap ape var arie ieties ties Red: Pinot Noir & Gamay White: Chardonnay and Aligoté Mainly Pinot Noir (more than 90%) Pinot Noir and Chardonnay Avera erage ge dat ate e of har arves vest Early September A week later than Côte de Beaune Early to mid-September Ty Type e of har arves vest Hand picked Hand picked Hand picked Vin inta tage ge Effect fect Medium Important Important Win inema emaking king specifi cificitie cities Stainless steel vats Oak barrels Oak barrels Ty Type e of ar aroma mas Bright colour, round and fruity Dark colour, powerful, black fruits, tanins Garnet colour, elegant, red fruits, silky tanins

Maison Louis Latour – Masterclass Pinot Noir

IV. . Co Compar parative tive ta tasting ting a) Côte de Beaune: Aloxe-Corton, Beaune, Pommard and Chassagne-Montrachet

Aloxe

• xe-Cor

Corton ton « Doma maine ine Lat atou

• ur »

Beaune e 1er r Cru ru Pomma mard rd Cha hassagne ssagne-Mon Montra trach chet Avera erage ge al altitud itude 200 to 300 m 220 to 330 m 250 to 330 m 220 to 325 m Latitu itude 47,07° 47,03° 47,02° 46,93° Soil il / Te Terroi roir Limestone, alluvial sand and gravel Limestone-clay, marls and scree Limestone-clay, marls and alluvium Chalk, clay and pebbly limestone Win inema emaking king specifi cificities cities 10 months ageing in Louis Latour oak barrels Bar arrels rels 20% new 35% new 15% new 35% new Vin inta tage ge effect fect Important Ty Type e of ar aroma mas Undergrowth, black currant and liquorice, smoked notes, fresh Black & dried fruits, floral notes, peppermint, round & fresh Undergrowth, cherry, smoked notes, round, good tanins Coffee, blackberry, elegant tanins

• 5,5 km separate Aloxe-Corton and Beaune appellations
• 4,8 km separate Beaune and Pommard appellations
• 12,4 km separate Pommard and Chassagne-Montrachet appellations

Maison Louis Latour – Masterclass Pinot Noir Gevre vrey-Chambe amberti rtin Vosn sne-Ro Roma mané née Avera erage ge al altitud itude 290 m 240 m Lat atitud itude 47,23 47,17 Soil il / Te Terroi roir Chalk and limestone Iron-based clay Win inema emaking king specifi cificities cities 10 months ageing in Louis Latour oak barrels, 20% new Vin inta tage ge effect fect Important Ty Type e of ar aroma mas Earthy notes, pepper, coffee, black fruits Clove, mocha, licorice, blackcurrant

• Only 8,5 kilometers separate Gevrey-Chambertin and Vosne-Romanée appellations

IV. . Co Compar parative tive ta tasting ting b) Côte de Nuits: Gevrey-Chambertin and Vosne-Romanée

• Characteristics that differentiate Pinot Noir elsewhere are very similar here
• This is the “Exception Bourguignone“ : latitude, exposition, rain and sunshine are similar but

the wines are complex and very different

• This is because the soil here varies from hill to hill: the composition, proportion and age of

the soil components vary between each vineyard

• For just as long as they have been famous, attempts have been made to duplicate the

particularities of red burgundies

• The quality, longevity and unique features of this particular blend of terroir and know-how

have, despite all, resisted the test of time...

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