M ā ori Governance Commentary N New Zealand Governance Centre Z l d G C Inaugural Governance Conference University of Auckland Business School Aotearoa-New Zealand Manuka Henare Saturday 16 th August 2008 1
Indigenous People g p F 264 mill. indigenous peoples in world (World Bank 1991) ( ) F 7 continents & more than 85 countries F 211 mill. in Asia (80%) 140 mill. in India & China F (60%) (60%) 11 mill. in Burma, F 7 mill. in The Philippines pp F F 7 mill. in the South Pacific Forum (NZ M ā ori) 2
Who are indigenous people ? l ? F Indigenous Populations are F Indigenous Populations are composed of the existing descendants of the peoples who inhabited the present territory of i h bit d th t t it f a country wholly or partially at the time when persons of a different culture or ethnic origin arrived from other parts of the world… world… F UN economic and Social Council, Commission on Human Rights, 1982 3
NZ M ā ori Population NZ M ā ori Population F NZ population 4.1mill (2006) F NZ population 4.1mill (2006) – 5 mill by 2051 F M ā ori are 15%, or 586,000 F M ā ori pop much younger – Median age 22.8yrs – 13.1 yrs younger that total pop 13 1 yrs younger that total pop F M ā ori, Asian & Pacific Island are 29%, (European 71%) F By 2021 will be 41% 4
Whose View of Globalisation? Globalisation? F Word global is 400 years old (Malcolm Waters) F Globalisation coined in 1960s, Gl b li i i d i 1960 gained popularity in 1980s F A buzz word of 1990s - coincided with end of cold war F interaction between economic, political, technological political, technological processes sped up border crossing processes (Ruud Lubers & Jolanda Koorevaar) F However, it is an ancient process of human activity 5
philosophy of globalisation l b li i - globalism - involves a new consciousness of the world as a single place as a single place -A Pacific View- 6
Trade inspires Pacific exploration From Rolett, Tianlong & Gongwu, ‘Early seafaring in the Taiwan Strait and the search for Austronesian origins’, Journal of East g f Asian Archaeology , 2003 UOA Business School 7
The global paradox of Globalisation Gl b li i F the bigger the world economy, the more powerful its smaller the more powerful its smaller players F the more universal we become, , the more tribal we act F as the importance of the nation- state recedes, more nations are t t d ti being created F as the global economy gets g y g larger, the component nation players get smaller and smaller • John Naisbitt, 1994. J h N i bitt 1994 8
History of business & governance of the f th Pacific F 50,000 yrs in Australia F 10,000 yrs in the Pacific Ocean F Historically, a business is a community of interest that comes together around a set comes together around a set purpose – having achieved the purpose it disbands. New community of interests are community of interests are formed (cf Dee Hock; Drucker) F Indigenous word for g management? 9
F In Anglo-Countries NZ, A Australia, Canada, USA etc t li C d USA t notions of business & governance shaped by its own history – products of feudalism F Today’s M ā ori mindset of governance business & governance, business & economics is shaped by its own ancient history F 4 well-beings – economic, kinship (social), environment & spiritual spiritual F capitals – economic, human- social, spiritual capital F Quadruple bottom line 10
- APEC - Asia Pacific Economic Asia Pacific Economic Co-operation F Leaders of 21 economies meet F Leaders of 21 economies meet annually - to form world’s largest single economy & market k F Economic integration goals F Developed economies by 2010 F Developed economies by 2010 F Underdeveloped by 2020 F Core of APEC - trade & Co e o C t ade & investment liberalisation, facilitation with freedom to invest unrestricted invest unrestricted. 11
M ā ori business supports the FTA with China h A i h Chi F Treaty of Waitangi & FTA F Federation of M ā ori Authorities “FOMA is aware that the consequence of the FTA is of consequence of the FTA is of significant value to M ā ori…especially to M ā ori businesses that are exporting”. (2006) F 143 members collectively F 143 members collectively administer about 800,000 acres F 100,000 beneficial owners 12
Other characteristics F S F Small, single farm businesses to ll i l f b i t diversified enterprises across primary industry sectors, processing & servicing sectors, F & equity interests in the NZ & global stock markets global stock markets F M ā ori enterprises concentrated in export-orientated areas of primary production & processing F 60% of M ā ori commercial F 60% of M ā ori commercial assets are reliant on international trade 13
F $NZ16.5 billn value of business sector (represents 1.5% overall value of NZ commercial assets) F Risen from $NZ9 billn in 2001 F Risen from $NZ9 billn in 2001 F 96% Chinese tarrifs & trade barriers will be removed by 2019 F E.g. Benefit to M ā ori interests in fisheries sector removal of in fisheries sector, removal of tarrifs imposed by China on live lobster, paua (abalone) are currently 25-35%. l F Market access important to M ā ori FTA facilitates access M ā ori, FTA facilitates access 14
An indigenous perspective, a M ā ori perspective M ā i ti F Dean Howard Smith, Mohawk – Industrial business can be a means of survival & development F 1 st strategy focus on local & survive F 2 nd strategy look at the horizons & and see transfigurations (Te Ruki and see transfigurations (Te Ruki Kawiti) F Right to Development, TOW & UN 1986 F Consciously develop a distinct business sector, with it own economy F Economy of mana (affection) F Economy of mana (affection) F M ā ori start businesses, create wealth & employment F To humanise the NZ and global F To humanise the NZ and global economies is the mission? 15
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