The M ori Psychology of Fishing Te Matau a Maui M ori Fisheries - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The M ori Psychology of Fishing Te Matau a Maui M ori Fisheries - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The M ori Psychology of Fishing Te Matau a Maui M ori Fisheries Conference War Memorial Conference Centre, Napier 26-28 Feb 2006 Manuka Henare The Mira Szszy Research Centre for M ori and Pacific Economic Development University of

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The Māori Psychology of Fishing

Te Matau a Maui Māori Fisheries Conference War Memorial Conference Centre, Napier 26-28 Feb 2006

Manuka Henare

The Mira Szászy Research Centre for Māori and Pacific Economic Development University of Auckland Business School

Acknowledgements to Dr Hazel Petrie, Post Doctoral Fellow

Images – courtesy of NIWA

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University of Auckland Business School 2

Joint Research Venture

  • Mira Szászy Research Centre for Māori and Pacific Economic

Development, The University of Auckland Business School

  • National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA)
  • $1.4 million research grant funded by FRST
  • 4 year project started in 2003
  • 2005-2007 second phase of the research
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University of Auckland Business School 3

Aim

  • To identify the

determinants of growth and innovation in the seafood sector

  • f New Zealand, with

particular emphasis

  • n its importance to

Māori.

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University of Auckland Business School 4

Purpose

  • to promote the development of a culture
  • f innovation that drives economic growth

in the seafood sector. It also reflects the context of harvest limits and competitive global markets.

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University of Auckland Business School 5

Project Team

  • Dr Manuka Henare

Principal Investigator, UoA

  • Dr Basil Sharp

Principal Investigator, UoA

  • Dr Andrew Jeffs

NIWA Scientist

  • Dr Jay Sankaran

Associate Investigator, UoA

  • Dr Shantha Liyanage

Associate Investigator, UoA

  • Dr Val Lindsay

Associate Investigator, VUW

  • Dr Manley Begay

Director, Native Nations Institute University of Arizona,Tuson

  • Mr Waitai Petera

Researcher and Project Kaumatua

  • Apanui Skipper

NIWA Māori business

  • Julie Silbthorpe

Project Librarian, UoA

  • Kathy Henry

Project Manager, UoA

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University of Auckland Business School 6

Project Team…continued

  • Prof. Ken Simmonds, Visiting Professor

Global Enterprise, Oxford University & UoA

  • Prof David Hughes, Visiting Professor

Innovation, Duke University

  • Marama Findlay, PhD candidate, UoA
  • Diane Ruwhiu,

Phd candidate, Otago Univerity

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University of Auckland Business School 7

Outcomes

  • Innovation website and library as a public

resource

  • Training courses innovation for Māori and

industry

  • Public promotion of innovation in the

seafood industry

  • Assist seafood industry increase

business innovation, sustainability & profits

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University of Auckland Business School 8

Synopsis of research to date

  • Case studies
  • Forms of innovation in value chains at a micro-level
  • Looking at exemplars – food, nutriceuticals
  • Innovation in Kawa atua, Tikanga tangata
  • 1000 years of Māori business - fisheries
  • Innovation occurring over time
  • Econometrics
  • Data Sets
  • Review of aquaculture
  • Macro Level
  • Literature Review
  • Full reports and articles available

www.business.auckland.ac.nz/seafood

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University of Auckland Business School 9

Benefits to the industry

Helping the industry to grow by understanding and encouraging innovation driven economic growth Identifying options and strategies for enhancing the value of Māori assets in the seafood industry Identifying the factors that have contributed to innovation over the past two decades Disseminating lessons learned from exemplary companies Development of a framework for managing innovation in integrated aquaculture firms Seek ways to further increase innovation and growth

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University of Auckland Business School 10

Kawa atua, Tikanga tangata Explore how wairuatanga inspires innovation, productivity & development

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University of Auckland Business School 11

Psychology of Māori fishing

  • Understanding the mind set
  • f Māori
  • Mental processes
  • Ways of thinking
  • Persona, psyche
  • World view is a life view
  • Philosophy its metaphysics &

spirituality

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University of Auckland Business University of Auckland Business School School 12 12

Sources Sources of

  • f a

a M Mā āori

  • ri Mindset

Mindset

  • Kawa atua knowledge

Kawa atua knowledge – – derive from spiritual derive from spiritual world world

  • Tikanga tangata knowledge

Tikanga tangata knowledge – – derive from kawa derive from kawa atua and constructed by humans atua and constructed by humans

  • Two sources traditional knowledge:

Two sources traditional knowledge:

  • Philosophy, metaphysics & religion, and worldview

Philosophy, metaphysics & religion, and worldview

  • M

Mā āori

  • ri history

history -

  • Ancestral activity informs the present

Ancestral activity informs the present generation of M generation of Mā āori

  • ri
  • M

Mā āori mindset and ethics applied to knowledge

  • ri mindset and ethics applied to knowledge

economy, biotechnology, globalisation, new economy, biotechnology, globalisation, new technologies technologies

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University of Auckland Business University of Auckland Business School School 13 13

Sources Sources of

  • f Philosophy

Philosophy,

,

metaphysics metaphysics & & ethics ethics

  • Ng

Ngā ā mahi mahi a a ng ngā ā t tū ūpuna puna

  • Reflect on works/experiences of ancestors

Reflect on works/experiences of ancestors

  • I

I ng ngā ā w wā ā o

  • mua

mua

  • From within the days in front of the present

From within the days in front of the present

  • I te kore ki te p

I te kore ki te pō ō ki te ao m ki te ao mā ārama rama

  • From the creative energy to night to the world

From the creative energy to night to the world

  • f light
  • f light
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University of Auckland Business University of Auckland Business School School 14 14

A Business is: A Business is:

  • Historically speaking a business is:

Historically speaking a business is:

  • A community of interest that comes together

A community of interest that comes together for a set purpose, and, having achieved their for a set purpose, and, having achieved their purpose they may disband; to purpose they may disband; to

  • Form a new community of interests around a

Form a new community of interests around a set purpose set purpose

  • (c.f. Dee Hock, founding CEO, Visa International)

(c.f. Dee Hock, founding CEO, Visa International)

  • Historically, what is a M

Historically, what is a Mā āori

  • ri business?

business?

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1,000+ 1,000+ YEARS YEARS

M MĀ ĀORI ORI BUSINESS

  • f

BUSINESS

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University of Auckland Business School 16

Trade inspires Pacific exploration

From Rolett, Tianlong & Gongwu, ‘Early seafaring in the Taiwan Strait and the search for Austronesian origins’, Journal of East Asian Archaeology, 2003

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University of Auckland Business School 17

‘A Journey of Pacific Renaissance’

A six-man outrigger is reviving the sailing legacy of the Austronesian people by making a 16 month journey around the Pacific rim in an outrigger canoe during 2005 & 2006

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University of Auckland Business School 18

Taiwanese stone adzes

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University of Auckland Business School 19

Māori adzes & chisels

From: Elsdon Best, The Māori as he was

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University of Auckland Business School 20

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University of Auckland Business School 21

A planked outrigger sailing canoe at Motuirna Island in the Louisiade Archipelago of Papua New Guinea (Geoffrey Irwin. 1985)

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University of Auckland Business School 22

Boats of the Friendly Islands, 1809: National Library of New Zealand Collection

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University of Auckland Business School 23

They brought useful plants for food

Taro

Traditional Kumara:

Ipomoea batatis

Modern kumara Raupi

Taro

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University of Auckland Business School 24

They found the moa already here

A moa-hunting scene by Geoffrey J. Cox

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University of Auckland Business School 25

Animal foods: they brought the kiore & the kurī with them

Kurīwere both a meat source as well as a source of bone and animal skin. But in 1836, when warfare had created a shortage, they were able to import dogskins from Sydney Kiore were an important source of animal protein Tawhiti Kiore - rat trap

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University of Auckland Business School 26

Gardening at Palliser Bay, c.900AD

Artist’s reconstruction of gardening at Palliser Bay

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University of Auckland Business School 27

A kainga as the domestic economy dated between the 11th and 13th centuries, at Wairau Bar in the northern area of the South Island, was a centre of stone adze fabrication, gardening & fishing.

Palliser Bay

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University of Auckland Business School 28

By the 16th century, pā had become the visible centres of economic activity & emergence of new urban centres

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University of Auckland Business School 29

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University of Auckland Business School 30

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University of Auckland Business School 31

Food storage & rat protection

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University of Auckland Business School 32

Māori tree-felling device

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University of Auckland Business School 33

1793

When Governor Philip King showed Tuki Tahua a map of Nu Tireni drawn by James Cook, Tuki noted that the Hokianga River had been omitted. Tuki’s own map showed it clearly with an indication

  • f the area’s Kauri forests

which would become a significant trade item with NSW.

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University of Auckland Business School 34

Anaura Gardens – land & sea usage:18th century

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University of Auckland Business School 35

  • Māori were engaged in the bêche-de-mer

trade by the late 1820s. Six Māori men were recruited at the Bay of Islands in 1829 by the American brig, Glide, to assist in obtaining bêche-de-mer. At least two of them absconded within weeks to work among the Fijians.

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University of Auckland Business School 36

Otuataua Stonefields, Māngere

1,000 years of Māori gardening & fishing history

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University of Auckland Business School 37

Collecting kaimoana

  • 1,000 years
  • f fishing

enterprise

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University of Auckland Business School 38

Pre-European Fisheries…

  • Dr Charlotte Severne (NIWA)
  • Iwi and hapū held rights to use specific local

fisheries

  • Well-established rules to manage fishing

sustainably and to regulate fishers' behaviour

  • Importance of fisheries to Māori;

– valued food source – commodity for inter-tribal trade

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University of Auckland Business School 39

Early European Commentary…

"their nets are much larger than any that are made use

  • f in Europe . . . . One of

them very often gives employment to a whole village."

  • J L Nicholas in 1814
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University of Auckland Business School 40

“sometimes they would go in large canoes to the deep sea fishing, five to ten miles from the shore, or with large drag nets [would ensnare] great numbers of . . . those fish which swim in shoals” - William

Colenso, 1835

“[It] was 5 fathom deep and its length we could only guess, as it was not stretched

  • ut, but it could not from its bulk be less than 4 or 500 fathoms [7 - 900 metres].”

– Joseph Banks, 1769

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University of Auckland Business School 41

Flax & timber were major export items during the 1830s

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University of Auckland Business School 42

New Zealand’s first commercial dairy farmer

Taiwhanga was selling butter at the Bay of Islands in the 1830s

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University of Auckland Business School 43

.

A group of five Māori whalers established trading

  • perations at

Ponape in the Caroline Islands by 1840

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University of Auckland Business School 44

Following the Treaty of Waitangi, Pākehā traders presented new commercial opportunities

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University of Auckland Business School 45

  • Māori were unrestricted in their fishing and

fish trade and they in turn had no reason to seek limits on the settlers' fishing, for the settlers fished mainly for their subsistence and personal needs.

  • Somewhere in history the tide has changed…
  • (Dr Charlotte Severne)

25 years post-Treaty… customary fishing

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University of Auckland Business School 46

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University of Auckland Business School 47

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University of Auckland Business School 48

Mechanics Bay 1843 – coastal trading

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University of Auckland Business School 49

Taupo Pā 1844 Fresh water fishing

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University of Auckland Business School 50

Levels of food cultivation increased producing substantial surpluses

Hakari Stage, Bay of Islands: 1849

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University of Auckland Business School 51

Māori Bullock Team: 1855

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University of Auckland Business School 52

Auckland Harbour: coastal trade

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University of Auckland Business School 53

Māori flourmill on the Wanganui River, 1861 exports

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University of Auckland Business School 54

Mechanics Bay: 1860s

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University of Auckland Business School 55

Whanganui River fresh water fishing, trade: 1860s

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University of Auckland Business School 56

Mechanics Bay & Parnell Rise, 1864 Māori hostel & marketplace in foreground

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University of Auckland Business School 57

Hoop-net fishing, Waiapu

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University of Auckland Business School 58

Māori fishing party: Far North 1907

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University of Auckland Business School 59

Eel Weir on the Wanganui River: 1918

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University of Auckland Business School 60

Māori took to the trade in whale products enthusiastically after contact with European & American whalers Whale oil production early 1900s

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University of Auckland Business School 61

And went Kauri Gumdigging from the 1840s to the 1930s at least

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University of Auckland Business School 62

In the 21st Century Māori Global Enterprise

  • Fisheries in the Māori Economy
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University of Auckland Business School 63

Māori in Sport

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University of Auckland Business School 64

Māori in the Arts

Ralph Hotere

Michael Parekowhai Shane Cotton

M Parekowhai

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University of Auckland Business School 65

Māori in Shows

Maui: One man against the Gods

Kapa Kitchen in Starlight Express, Germany Black Grace

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University of Auckland Business School 66

Māori in Music & entertainment

Maori Volcanics Kiri Te Kanawa Howard Morrison Che Fu Dalvanius Prime Moana Maniapoto

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University of Auckland Business School 67

Māori in Global Tourism

Māori-owned Sunbeam Tours London office. This company sold tours of Europe to Australians, Americans & Canadians, tours of the USA and Canada to Europeans & Australians etc

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University of Auckland Business School 68

Māori in Literature

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University of Auckland Business School 69

Māori in Film

  • Whale Rider?
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University of Auckland Business School 70

Māori in global aquaculture & aquatics

Oyster farming at Kaeo

Photo courtesy of NIWA

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Social Innovation – Treaty Settlement Process Māori back in fisheries

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University of Auckland Business School 72

Product Innovation

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University of Auckland Business School 73

Photo courtesy of NIWA

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University of Auckland Business School 74

Māori & 21st Century Cuisine

Charles Royal gathers traditional herbs for top restaurants around the world

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University of Auckland Business School 75

Acknowledgements

  • National Library of New Zealand
  • Manukau City Council
  • Auckland Regional Council
  • Department of Conservation
  • University of Auckland Art History Image Database
  • Christchurch Library
  • Auckland Museum
  • Elsdon Best, The Māori as he was, 1934
  • Garry Law, Picturing the Past, online
  • Dr Charlotte Severne, Role of Research in te Growth and protection
  • f Customary Fisheries, Te Ara Matariki Conference, Rotorua, 20th

June 2005

  • Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand, URL www.teara.govt.nz