logic and knowledge representation

Logic and Knowledge Representation P r o b l e m T y p e - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Logic and Knowledge Representation P r o b l e m T y p e s , a n d P r o b l e m s o l v i n g m e t h o d s 2 7 A p r i l 2 0 1 8 g s i l e n o @e n s t . f r G i o v a n n i S


  1. Logic and Knowledge Representation P r o b l e m T y p e s , a n d P r o b l e m s o l v i n g m e t h o d s 2 7 A p r i l 2 0 1 8 g s i l e n o @e n s t . f r G i o v a n n i S i l e n o T é l é c o m P a r i s T e c h , P a r i s - D a u p h i n e U n i v e r s i t y

  2. Problem solving

  3. Well-defined problems P r o b l e m s a r e w e l l - d e fj n e d w h e n t h e r e i s a s i m p l e t e s t t o c o n c l u d e w h e t h e r a s o l u t i o n i s a s o l u t i o n . J . M c C a r t h y ( 1 9 5 6 ) T h e i n v e r s i o n o f f u n c t i o n s d e fj n e d b y T a r i n g m a - c h i n e s . A u t o m a t a S t u d i e s , A n n a l s o f M a t h e m a t i c a l S t u d i e s , 3 4 : 1 7 7 – 1 8 1 .

  4. Well-defined problems & problem spaces P r o b l e m s a r e w e l l - d e fj n e d w h e n t h e r e i s a s i m p l e t e s t t o c o n c l u d e w h e t h e r a s o l u t i o n i s a s o l u t i o n . J . M c C a r t h y ( 1 9 5 6 ) T h e i n v e r s i o n o f f u n c t i o n s d e fj n e d b y T a r i n g m a - c h i n e s . A u t o m a t a S t u d i e s , A n n a l s o f M a t h e m a t i c a l S t u d i e s , 3 4 : 1 7 7 – 1 8 1 . P e o p l e s o l v e p r o b l e m s b y s e a r c h i n g t h r o u g h a p r o b l e m s p a c e , c o n s i s t i n g o f t h e i n i t i a l s t a t e , t h e g o a l s t a t e , a n d a l l p o s s i b l e s t a t e s i n b e t w e e n . N e w e l l , A . , & S i m o n , H . A . ( 1 9 7 2 ) . H u m a n p r o b l e m s o l v i n g .

  5. Problem and solution spaces S P p r o b l e m s s o l u t i o n s p a c e s p a c e p s s o l u t i o n solution(s, p) c a n b e i n t e r p r e t e d a s s s a t i s fj e s p

  6. Problem and solution spaces S P p r o b l e m s s o l u t i o n s p a c e s p a c e p s s o l u t i o n solution(s, p) c a n b e i n t e r p r e t e d a s s s a t i s fj e s p p r o b l e m : h o w t o g e n e r a t e s o l u t i o n s ?

  7. Problem and solution spaces S P p r o b l e m a b s t r a c t t y p e s o l u t i o n r e fj n e m e n t a b s t r a c t i o n p r o b l e m s s o l u t i o n s p a c e s p a c e p s s o l u t i o n solution(s, p) c a n b e i n t e r p r e t e d a s s s a t i s fj e s p p r o b l e m : h o w t o g e n e r a t e s o l u t i o n s ?

  8. Defining the problem... An old lady wants to visit her friend in a neighbouring village. She takes her car, but halfway the engine stops after some hesitations. On the side of the road she tries to restart the engine, but to no avail. B r e u k e r , J . ( 1 9 9 4 ) . C o m p o n e n t s o f p r o b l e m s o l v i n g a n d t y p e s o f p r o b l e m s . A F u t u r e f o r K n o w l e d g e A c q u i s i t i o n , 8 6 7 , 1 1 8 – 1 3 6 .

  9. Defining the problem... An old lady wants to visit her friend in a neighbouring village. She takes her car, but halfway the engine stops after some hesitations. On the side of the road she tries to restart the engine, but to no avail. Wh i c h i s t h e p r o b l e m h e r e ? B r e u k e r , J . ( 1 9 9 4 ) . C o m p o n e n t s o f p r o b l e m s o l v i n g a n d t y p e s o f p r o b l e m s . A F u t u r e f o r K n o w l e d g e A c q u i s i t i o n , 8 6 7 , 1 1 8 – 1 3 6 .

  10. from ill-defined to well-defined problems... B r e u k e r , J . ( 1 9 9 4 ) . C o m p o n e n t s o f p r o b l e m s o l v i n g a n d t y p e s o f p r o b l e m s . A F u t u r e f o r K n o w l e d g e A c q u i s i t i o n , 8 6 7 , 1 1 8 – 1 3 6 .

  11. Suite of problem types m o d e l l i n g B r e u k e r , J . ( 1 9 9 4 ) . C o m p o n e n t s o f p r o b l e m s o l v i n g a n d t y p e s o f p r o b l e m s . A F u t u r e f o r K n o w l e d g e A c q u i s i t i o n , 8 6 7 , 1 1 8 – 1 3 6 .

  12. Suite of problem types m o d e l l i n g d e s i g n s t r u c t u r a l v i e w : s y s t e m B r e u k e r , J . ( 1 9 9 4 ) . C o m p o n e n t s o f p r o b l e m s o l v i n g a n d t y p e s o f p r o b l e m s . A F u t u r e f o r K n o w l e d g e A c q u i s i t i o n , 8 6 7 , 1 1 8 – 1 3 6 .

  13. Suite of problem types b e h a v i o u r a l v i e w : s y s t e m + e n v i r o n m e n t p l a n n i n g m o d e l l i n g d e s i g n s t r u c t u r a l v i e w : s y s t e m B r e u k e r , J . ( 1 9 9 4 ) . C o m p o n e n t s o f p r o b l e m s o l v i n g a n d t y p e s o f p r o b l e m s . A F u t u r e f o r K n o w l e d g e A c q u i s i t i o n , 8 6 7 , 1 1 8 – 1 3 6 .

  14. Suite of problem types b e h a v i o u r a l v i e w : s y s t e m + e n v i r o n m e n t p l a n n i n g a s s i g n m e n t m o d e l l i n g d e s i g n s t r u c t u r a l v i e w : s y s t e m B r e u k e r , J . ( 1 9 9 4 ) . C o m p o n e n t s o f p r o b l e m s o l v i n g a n d t y p e s o f p r o b l e m s . A F u t u r e f o r K n o w l e d g e A c q u i s i t i o n , 8 6 7 , 1 1 8 – 1 3 6 .

  15. Suite of problem types b e h a v i o u r a l v i e w : s y s t e m + e n v i r o n m e n t p l a n n i n g s c h e d u l i n g a s s i g n m e n t m o d e l l i n g c o n fj g u r a t i o n d e s i g n s t r u c t u r a l v i e w : s y s t e m B r e u k e r , J . ( 1 9 9 4 ) . C o m p o n e n t s o f p r o b l e m s o l v i n g a n d t y p e s o f p r o b l e m s . A F u t u r e f o r K n o w l e d g e A c q u i s i t i o n , 8 6 7 , 1 1 8 – 1 3 6 .

  16. Suite of problem types b e h a v i o u r a l v i e w : s y s t e m + e n v i r o n m e n t p l a n n i n g a s s e s s m e n t a s s i g n m e n t m o d e l l i n g d e s i g n s t r u c t u r a l v i e w : s y s t e m B r e u k e r , J . ( 1 9 9 4 ) . C o m p o n e n t s o f p r o b l e m s o l v i n g a n d t y p e s o f p r o b l e m s . A F u t u r e f o r K n o w l e d g e A c q u i s i t i o n , 8 6 7 , 1 1 8 – 1 3 6 .

  17. Suite of problem types b e h a v i o u r a l v i e w : s y s t e m + e n v i r o n m e n t p l a n n i n g a s s e s s m e n t a s s i g n m e n t m o d e l l i n g d e s i g n m o n i t o r i n g s t r u c t u r a l v i e w : s y s t e m B r e u k e r , J . ( 1 9 9 4 ) . C o m p o n e n t s o f p r o b l e m s o l v i n g a n d t y p e s o f p r o b l e m s . A F u t u r e f o r K n o w l e d g e A c q u i s i t i o n , 8 6 7 , 1 1 8 – 1 3 6 .

  18. Suite of problem types b e h a v i o u r a l v i e w : s y s t e m + e n v i r o n m e n t p l a n n i n g a s s e s s m e n t a s s i g n m e n t m o d e l l i n g d i a g n o s i s d e s i g n m o n i t o r i n g s t r u c t u r a l v i e w : s y s t e m B r e u k e r , J . ( 1 9 9 4 ) . C o m p o n e n t s o f p r o b l e m s o l v i n g a n d t y p e s o f p r o b l e m s . A F u t u r e f o r K n o w l e d g e A c q u i s i t i o n , 8 6 7 , 1 1 8 – 1 3 6 .

  19. Agent problem-solving cycle

  20. Agent problem-solving cycle w h e r e i l l - d e fj n e d p r o b l e m s c o m e u p

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