Local al In Initiat itiatives ives in n Ac Achie ieving ving - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies

Towards sustainable development - policy oriented, practical and strategic research on global environmental issues

Local al In Initiat itiatives ives in n Ac Achie ieving ving Sus ustainable ainable and nd Low Carbon bon Cities ies in As n Asia: a: Lesson sons s Learned rned and nd Fut uture ure Potentia tential

D.G.J. Premakumara, Programme Manager Shom Teoh, Programme Manager

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), International Village Center, 2F, 1-1-1, Hirano, Yahata Higashiku, Kitakyushu, Japan 805-0062 Tel: 81-93-681-1563, Fax: 81-93-681-1564 E-mail: premakumara@iges.or.jp

Over half of the world’s popula lation tion reside des s in cities, ies, and up to 80% is project ected ed for 2050 Cities produce duce 80% of globa bal l GDP Over r 90% of all urban n areas are coasta tal, l, puttin ing g most cities ies at risk of flood

• oding

ing from

• m risin

ing g sea levels s and powerful ful storms. s. Cities ies produce duce 50% -80% 80%

• f globa

bal l waste Cities ies account unt for 60 60- 80%

• f globa

bal l GHG emissio ions s Cities ies consum ume 75%

• f natural

l resources urces

Wh Why y cities ties are matter tter of f achi hieving eving sus ustainable tainable and nd low w carbo bon n develop elopment? ment?

Data Source: Un-Habitat, 2008, UNEP,<built.environment@unep.org>

Re Resour

• urce

ce eff fficient icient cities ies are eng ngine ine to sus ustainable tainable and nd low carbon rbon develop elopment ment

There are genuine opportunities for city leaders to contribute to sustainability and enhance the quality of life in urban areas by improving resource efficiency, reducing carbon emissions, minimizing environmental risks and enhancing ecosystems.

Figure Source: UNEP,<built.environment@unep.org>

Or Organic ganic waste ste manage nagement ment in As n Asian an cities ties

Generation of MSW MSW is collected by municipalities MSW is disposed in unmanaged dumpsite

Over 50% of MSW is organic matters Use 20%-50% of annual budget for waste management, however, 30%-60% of waste remain uncollected Results for serious local, regional and global public and environmental health nuisances , including climate change

A l A local cal government ernment commitme mmitment nt and nd citizen izen particip rticipation ation in n MSWM M in n Sur uraba baya ya City

• Surabaya, a second largest city in Indonesia faced a

tremendous challenge in managing its MSW.

• With the current leadership of the city, the local

government encourage community participation through Surabaya Green and Clean Programme.

Source: Surabaya City, 2012

Co Communi unity ty-based based wast ste e mana nagem gemen ent t is s th the he heart rt of t f the he Su Surabaya baya Mode del

Educated residents to separate waste at source and use of compost bin Collected H/H waste separately Organic waste treated at composting center Educated residents to start organic farming at H/H and community Educated women to start H/H business from recycling materials Rest sell in Market

Surabaya baya Clean and Green Programm mme e award d s the model l communi uniti ties s

Nati tional

• nal and

d loca cal l po policies icies moti tivat ate e pu public ic/p /priv rivat ate e pa partn tnership ership and d enco courage urage th them to to be beco come me act ctively ely involv

• lve

e in MSW SWM in Ce Cebu bu

• Cebu, a capital city in the Visaya

Region of the Philippines faced tremendous challenge in managing its MSW.

• With the current leadership of the city,

it strictly enforce the implementation of the national policy on Ecological Solid Waste Management (RA9003)

Pub ublic/priv ic/private ate partnersh rtnership ip is the he he heart rt of Ce f Cebu bu Model del

Educate and enforce the law on waste separation at source Organic waste for composting Recyclables for material recovery Separated waste is collected by bio-man and brings to material recovery facility (MRF)

Baranga gay MRF

Residual waste transport to Central MRF in the landfills

RDF for waste to energy, and organic for composting

Central composting plant

Priva vate te sector

• r

involve

• lveme

men t

Partnership tnership with th th the pr privat ate e se sect ctor and d NGOs s ca can mobili ilized zed add ddit ition ional al reso sources rces

(SEVANATHA compost plant in Matale treat 2 tonnes/day waste from households and vegetable markets)

Transportation Segregation Pilling (box method) Heat measure Screening Packaging

Photo courtesy: Sevanatha

Partnership tnership with th th the pr privat ate e se sect ctor and d NGOs s ca can mobili ilized zed add ddit ition ional al reso sources urces

(Waste Concern’s composting plant in Bulta, near Dhaka treat 80-100 tonnes/day waste from vegetable markets)

Transportation Sorting Making aerated piles Packing Screening Heat measure

Photo courtesy: Waste Concern

Partnership tnership with th th the pr privat ate e se sect ctor and d NGOs s ca can mobili ilized zed add ddit ition ional al reso sources urces

(IL&FS composting plant in Okhla, New Delhi treat 200 tonnes/day waste from households and vegetable markets)

Windrow formation Monsoon shed Coarse segregation Packing End product Refinement

Photo courtesy: IL&FS company

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies

Towards sustainable development - policy oriented, practical and strategic research on global environmental issues

Balangoda Compost Plant Badulla Compost Plant Kuliyapitiya Compost Plant Nonthaburi Compost Plant Pobsuk Compost Plant Bangkok Compost Plant Nangong Compost Plant Matale Compost Plant Surabaya Compost Plant BASA Compost Plant GRAMUS Compost Plant Temsi Compost Plant WasteConcern Compost Plant Penang Compost Plant

Broa

• ad-base

based d suppor

• rt

t need to to be availab ailable le for

• r private

vate secto tor/ r/ NGO

ASEAN ESC Model Cities Programme (Year 1)

Funder Japan-ASEAN Integration Fund (JAIF)

Regional Secretariat

An initiative by the ASEAN Working Group on Environmentally Sustainable Cities (AWGESC)

• Objective: Promoting ESC development

by supporting capacity building for bottom-up initiatives of ASEAN cities and supporting formulation of national ESC frameworks.

• Year 1: Apr. 2011 - Mar. 2012
• Year 2: Extension in progress
• Assistance to: 14 cities in 8 countries

(Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam)

ASEAN Secretariat

2

Selected Model Cities (Year 1)

Country

Model Cities

Main Activities Cambodia

Phnom Penh

Reducing plastic bag usage in shops

Siem Reap

Piloting a community-based waste separation scheme

Indonesia

Palembang

Replicating a successful waste bank in Yogyakarta as part of a nationwide rollout

Surabaya

Lao PDR

Xamneua

Strengthening project management skills and mini demo-projects in waste management, wastewater treatment and urban greenery

Myanmar

Yangon

Training on sustainable water supply and treatment

Malaysia

Kuching North

Developing a local formula of Bokashi composting and piloting a compost centre

Philippines

Puerto Princesa

Training for composting, water management and piloting a new system of wastewater treatment

Palo, Leyte

Training for composting and water management

Thailand

Maehongson

Promoting waste segregation and recycling through education and training

Muangklang

Promoting and training for low carbon city plan implementation and organic farming

Phitsanulok

Supporting the scale-up and dissemination of the “Phitsanulok Model” of waste management

Viet Nam

Cao Lanh

Establishing a local-level multi-stakeholder ‘self-protection’ committee for the environment and formulation of its strategy

Da Nang

Creation of a ‘Model Environmentally-friendly Residential Area’ with pilot projects

More than half of proposals by local government are related to SWM

6

Replication of a model ‘Waste Bank’ in Indonesia

A financially sustainable system of Community-based Solid Waste Management Combining concepts of banking with waste management to reform negative perceptions

Highlights – Replication of a model ‘Waste Bank’ in Indonesia

Waste segregation at source is performed by households. Customer brings separated waste to Waste Bank to be ‘deposited’ and is served by a ‘teller’. The ‘teller’ records the weighs, records and stores the deposit. Customer receives a receipt. Deposited wastes are sold to recyclers and craftspeople. Revenue is used to fund the Bank’s

• perations (15%) and the balance is

distributed to customers (85%).

Craftspeople refashion waste into useful products (left pictures), which are sold at the ‘distro’ (distribution outlet operated by the Waste Bank, thus creating further income

• pportunities apart from sales of waste.

Achievements of Waste Bank in Bantul, Yogyakarta

Environmental

• About 500kg of inorganic waste is diverted from

the landfill each month.

• The village environment has become cleaner

with less littering

• Customers are primarily women and their

children, who are educated on proper waste separation as well as the benefits of reuse and recycling. Socio-economic

• Due to increased availability of separated

recyclables, the number of recyclers has increased and the number of scavengers in the village has decreased.

• The highest-earning customer earns up to IDR

350,000 per month (basic monthly cost of living per month in Yogyakarta is about IDR 500,000).

• Bank staff receive an incentive based salary

ranging from IDR 100,000 to 400,000 per month. IDR 80,000 per year IDR 200,000 – 450,000 per month IDR 100,000 per month

Replicated from 1 to 9 villages in Yogjakarta

‘Small’ customer Cleaner of the waste bank Lead plastic craftmaker of waste bank

50 to be replicated in Surabaya!

Replication of waste banks under Indonesia’s Model Cities programme

1st waste bank training workshop in Surabaya (1 – 3 Nov 2011) 1st waste bank training workshop in Palembang (22 – 23 Oct 2011)

• Indonesia’s national goal is to set up waste banks in 16 cities by 2012, and

40 cities by 2014

• Setting up of waste banks was incorporated as one of the assessment

indicators of the national sustainable cities awards programme (Adipura)

• National and pilot local governments, as well as other stakeholders all

contributed their own resources for scale up and replication

Small City – Muangklang Municipality, Rayong, Thailand

Somchai Chariyacharoen Mayor of Muangklang Municipality

By 2020, Muangklang aims to be a green, sustainable and low- carbon city with low levels of waste, high energy efficiency and sustainable levels of consumption. Appointed by national government and others as Thailand’s Eastern Learning centre for Low Carbon Cities for other local governments within Thailand as well as the Greater Mekong region.

Green spaces Energy Efficiency Waste Minimisation Urban Agriculture

Photo credts: All photos of Muangklang are used with permission from Muangklang Municipality

Good practice - water quality and energy efficiency

Collected grease made into fuel blocks

A law was introduced to mandate installation of grease trap in new houses and establishments

Grease is collected from grease traps Fuel blocks powers municipal slaughterhouse

Good practice - waste minimisation

Simple, local and cheap

Generates income of THB 100,000 (USD3K) per month from sales of recyclables Designed a conveyor belt system for sorting waste Construction cost: THB 40,000 (USD1.5k) Diverts 10t of 21t of waste collected per day

Schoolchildren are paid 1THB per kg

• f recyclable waste brought

Buying milk boxes from 100 schools for THB 3 / kg, sold to recyclers for THB 5/kg

Point system for recyclables (2 THB = 1 point), exchange for daily goods and products

Milk boxes are processed into furniture, which is an industry in the municipality

Good practice – Financially sustainable organic waste management

Biogas facility

Aerobic composting Vermi-composting EM Bokashi

Clean Organic Waste Mixed Organic Waste

Fed to animals (cows, pigs, goats, chickens, rabbits, ducks) Manure is sold and as well as used for biogas and composting

City-to-city Cooperation on SWM

Enhancing Composting Operations

• Replicated composting approaches and knowledge

from Nonthaburi, Thailand and Japan (Kitakyushu City and Sasebo, an environmental NGO based in Nagasaki Prefecture)

• Formulated local EM Bokashi and EM liquid

Study visit to Nonthaburi, Thailand Study visit to Kitakyushu, Japan Expert audit and training by Sasebo Japan and Nonthaburi in North Kuching

Reporting & Networking Platform – High Level Seminar on ESC

4th High Level Seminar on ESC under the EAS EMM framework (back-to- back with the Regional 3R Forum) Co-organisers: Viet Nam, Japan, Australia, Indonesia, ASEAN Sec. and AWGESC

Participants (over 200):

• Nat. governments (100 from 15 countries)
• Local governments (31 from 21 cities)
• NGOs, Development Agencies, Academia

Private Sector (60 from 29 organisations)

Observations

• Climate change mitigation/adaptation is not yet perceived as a priority by local

governments; framing in terms of local priorities (waste management, water, sanitation) and emphasis on ‘co-benefits’ is important.

• Excellence and innovation in SWM is generally a good indicator of local

government’s readiness for progress in other sectors/themes, including climate change.

• Supporting organisations can add value by:
• Providing technical assistance and capacity building, including towards

quantitative data useful for decision making

• Triggering linkages that would not occur under conventional circumstances
• National and regional frameworks (city networks, city awards, ASEAN) help by
• ffering a periodical platform for knowledge exchange and reporting

achievements that enable them to chart their progress in a meaningful, inspirational manner (against global trends and peer performance).

Lesson sons s learned rned

• The presentation emphasizes that several principles are fundamental to an

integrated, multi-partner approach towards climate change action at the local level:

– No single approach or policy is equally well-suited to all cities. Thus, cities should develop a local vision/strategies, using an inclusive and participatory process. – A strong leadership and commitment of the local government (both political and administration) is helpful in facilitating this innovative process. – It would be beneficial to take an opportunity/risk management approach in a sustainable development perspective, considering not only emissions, but also possible socioeconomic development. – Policies should emphasize, encourage, and reward ‘synergies’ and ‘co-benefits’ (i.e. what policies can do to achieve both developmental and climate change response goals);

– Encourage community participation and action by representatives of the private sector, neighbourhoods (especially the poor) and grassroots groups, as well as opinion leaders of all kinds, in order to ensure a broad-based collection of perspectives; – Establish new institutional-setup (citizen committee, advisory committee etc.) and planning tools (community planning/ participatory planning etc.) to facilitate continuous communication and coordination among different stakeholders. – Local resources should be promoted and made available through public and private partnership, while part of capital financing is received from national and international assistance programmes. – To achieve more accountability, local governments need to keep record to measure and verification. – International institutions can provide capacity building opportunities, information sharing, building networks, and providing technical know-how and development assistance.

Le Less ssons s lea earn rned ed

Thank you

Thank you for your attention