Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Towards sustainable development - policy oriented, practical and strategic research on global environmental issues Local al In Initiat itiatives ives in n Ac Achie ieving ving Sus ustainable ainable and nd Low Carbon bon Cities ies in As n Asia: a: Lesson sons s Learned rned and nd Fut uture ure Potentia tential D.G.J. Premakumara, Programme Manager Shom Teoh, Programme Manager Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), International Village Center, 2F, 1-1-1, Hirano, Yahata Higashiku, Kitakyushu, Japan 805-0062 Tel: 81-93-681-1563, Fax: 81-93-681-1564 E-mail: premakumara@iges.or.jp
Wh Why y cities ties are matter tter of f achi hieving eving sus ustainable tainable and nd low w carbo bon n develop elopment? ment? Cities produce duce Over r 90% of all urban n 80% of areas are coasta tal, l, puttin ing g Over half of the world’s globa bal l GDP most cities ies at risk of popula lation tion reside des s in flood ooding ing from om risin ing g sea cities, ies, and up to 80% is levels s and powerful ful project ected ed for 2050 0 storms. s. Cities ies consum ume Cities ies produce duce 75% 50% -80% 80% of natural l resources urces Cities ies account unt for of globa bal l waste 60 60- 80% of globa bal l GHG emissio ions s Data Source: Un-Habitat, 2008, UNEP,<built.environment@unep.org>
Re Resour ource ce eff fficient icient cities ies are eng ngine ine to sus ustainable tainable and nd low carbon rbon develop elopment ment There are genuine opportunities for city leaders to contribute to sustainability and enhance the quality of life in urban areas by improving resource efficiency, reducing carbon emissions, minimizing environmental risks and enhancing ecosystems. Figure Source: UNEP,<built.environment@unep.org>
Or Organic ganic waste ste manage nagement ment in As n Asian an cities ties MSW is disposed in Generation of MSW is collected by unmanaged MSW municipalities dumpsite Use 20%-50% of annual budget for waste Results for serious local, regional and global Over 50% of MSW is organic matters management, however, 30%-60% of waste public and environmental health nuisances , remain uncollected including climate change
A l A local cal government ernment commitme mmitment nt and nd citizen izen particip rticipation ation in n MSWM M in n Sur uraba baya ya City Source: Surabaya City, 2012 • Surabaya, a second largest city in Indonesia faced a tremendous challenge in managing its MSW. • With the current leadership of the city, the local government encourage community participation through Surabaya Green and Clean Programme.
Communi Co unity ty-based based wast ste e mana nagem gemen ent t is s th the he heart rt of t f the he Su Surabaya baya Mode del Educated women to start H/H business from recycling materials Educated residents to separate waste at source and use of compost bin Educated residents to start organic farming at H/H and community Surabaya baya Clean and Green Programm mme e award d s Collected H/H waste separately the model l communi uniti ties s Organic waste treated at composting center Rest sell in Market
Nati tional onal and d loca cal l po policies icies moti tivat ate e pu public ic/p /priv rivat ate e pa partn tnership ership and d enco courage urage th them to to be beco come me act ctively ely involv olve e in MSW SWM in Ce Cebu bu • Cebu, a capital city in the Visaya Region of the Philippines faced tremendous challenge in managing its MSW. • With the current leadership of the city, it strictly enforce the implementation of the national policy on Ecological Solid Waste Management (RA9003)
Pub ublic/priv ic/private ate partnersh rtnership ip is the he he heart rt of Ce f Cebu bu Model del Baranga gay MRF Separated waste is collected by bio-man and brings to material recovery facility (MRF) Organic waste for composting Educate and enforce the law on waste separation at source Recyclables for material recovery Priva vate te sector or involve olveme men t Residual waste transport to Central MRF in the RDF for waste to energy, and organic landfills for composting Central composting plant
Partnership tnership with th th the pr privat ate e se sect ctor and d NGOs s ca can mobili ilized zed add ddit ition ional al reso sources rces (SEVANATHA compost plant in Matale treat 2 tonnes/day waste from households and vegetable markets) Transportation Segregation Pilling (box method) Screening Packaging Heat measure Photo courtesy: Sevanatha
Partnership tnership with th th the pr privat ate e se sect ctor and d NGOs s ca can mobili ilized zed add ddit ition ional al reso sources urces (Waste Concern’s composting plant in Bulta, near Dhaka treat 80 -100 tonnes/day waste from vegetable markets) Photo courtesy: Waste Concern Transportation Sorting Making aerated piles Packing Screening Heat measure
Partnership tnership with th th the pr privat ate e se sect ctor and d NGOs s ca can mobili ilized zed add ddit ition ional al reso sources urces (IL&FS composting plant in Okhla, New Delhi treat 200 tonnes/day waste from households and vegetable markets) Windrow formation Monsoon shed Coarse segregation End product Refinement Packing Photo courtesy: IL&FS company
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Towards sustainable development - policy oriented, practical and strategic research on global environmental issues Balangoda Compost Plant Nonthaburi Compost Plant Badulla Compost Plant Kuliyapitiya Compost Plant Pobsuk Compost Plant Bangkok Compost Plant Nangong Compost Plant Penang Compost Plant Matale Compost Plant Surabaya Compost Plant BASA Compost Plant GRAMUS Compost Plant Temsi Compost Plant WasteConcern Compost Plant Broa oad-base based d suppor ort t need to to be availab ailable le for or private vate secto tor/ r/ NGO
2 ASEAN ESC Model Cities Programme (Year 1) An initiative by the ASEAN Working Group on Environmentally Sustainable Cities (AWGESC) • Objective: Promoting ESC development by supporting capacity building for bottom-up initiatives of ASEAN cities and supporting formulation of national Funder Regional Secretariat ESC frameworks . Japan-ASEAN Integration Fund • Year 1: Apr. 2011 - Mar. 2012 (JAIF) • Year 2: Extension in progress • Assistance to: 14 cities in 8 countries ASEAN Secretariat (Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam)
6 More than half of proposals by local government are related to SWM Selected Model Cities (Year 1) Model Cities Country Main Activities Phnom Penh Reducing plastic bag usage in shops Cambodia Siem Reap Piloting a community-based waste separation scheme Palembang Indonesia Replicating a successful waste bank in Yogyakarta as part of a nationwide rollout Surabaya Strengthening project management skills and mini demo-projects in waste management, Lao PDR Xamneua wastewater treatment and urban greenery Myanmar Yangon Training on sustainable water supply and treatment Malaysia Kuching North Developing a local formula of Bokashi composting and piloting a compost centre Puerto Training for composting, water management and piloting a new system of wastewater Princesa treatment Philippines Palo, Leyte Training for composting and water management Maehongson Promoting waste segregation and recycling through education and training Thailand Muangklang Promoting and training for low carbon city plan implementation and organic farming Supporting the scale- up and dissemination of the “ Phitsanulok Model” of waste management Phitsanulok Establishing a local-level multi- stakeholder ‘self - protection’ committee for the environment Cao Lanh and formulation of its strategy Viet Nam Creation of a ‘Model Environmentally - friendly Residential Area’ with pilot projects Da Nang
Replication of a model ‘Waste Bank’ in Indonesia A financially sustainable Combining concepts of system of banking with waste Community-based Solid management to reform Waste Management negative perceptions
Highlights – Replication of a model ‘Waste Bank’ in Indonesia Waste segregation Customer The ‘teller’ records the weighs, at source is brings records and stores the deposit. performed by separated Customer receives a receipt. households. waste to Waste Bank to be ‘deposited’ and is served by a ‘teller’. Deposited wastes are sold to recyclers and craftspeople. Revenue is used to fund the Bank’s operations (15%) and the balance is distributed to customers (85%). Craftspeople refashion waste into useful products (left pictures), which are sold at the ‘distro’ (distribution outlet operated by the Waste Bank, thus creating further income opportunities apart from sales of waste.
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