Liquid Cooling 1 Cold Plate for Super Computer Calculation - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Liquid Cooling 1 Cold Plate for Super Computer Calculation - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 03, 2024 154 likes •496 views

Liquid Cooling 1 Cold Plate for Super Computer Calculation Speed:12 x 10 12 times /sec. SB:12 boards Cold Plate IOSB : 6 boards Thermal Resistance R=dT/Q=(Tbase-Twi)/Q 0.06 Thermal Resistance (C/W) specification :<0.05C/W 0.05 0.04

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SLIDE 1

Liquid Cooling

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SLIDE 2

SB:12 boards SB:12 boards

Super computer

Cold Plate for Super Computer

CPU 20kW/Rack x 848 racks 17MW/ a machine IOSB : 6 boards

Thermal Resistance 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 20 40 60 80 100 120 Heat Input Q (W) Thermal Resistance (C/W)

R=dT/Q=(Tbase-Twi)/Q specification :<0.05C/W Measured data

Cold Plate

Calculation Speed:12 x 10 12 times /sec.

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SLIDE 3

Liquid Cooling Cold Plate

Brazed Sample Inspection by Ultrasonic Microscope Brazed Cold Plate (Cross Section)

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SLIDE 4

Coupler Manifold Cold Plate (8 pcs) Φ６．３５ tube

Cold Plate Assembly

Coupler

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SLIDE 5

For super computer

Total 32 memory on the board 80W(60-100W) x 8 CPUs/Board Φ6.35mm Copper Tube

Cold Plate assembly on the Motherboard

Manifold One tough Coupler to tube

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SLIDE 6

Cold Plate and Heat Pipe Cooler for a Super Computer

Heat Pipe Heat Spreader for DIMM

Hub Cold Plate Qcm Cold Plate

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SLIDE 7

Heat spreader Plate(DMS1) with Heat pipe

Cooling method of DIMM : Liquid cooling + Heat spreader

Cold Rail Cold Rail

DIMM (Dual Inline Memory Module) Cooling

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SLIDE 8

Mini Channel Cold Plate Assemblies: Different Types

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SLIDE 9

Modular Refrigerator

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SLIDE 10

Fujikura MRU Development

Prototype # 1 (Proof of Design) Prototype # 2 (Compact and high performance)

Condenser + Blower Expansion Valve Compressor Evaporator/ Heater

Can fit into 19 inch rack

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SLIDE 11

Fujikura Modular Refrigeration Unit

Cold Plate (Evaporator)

Cover On Cover Off

Cover Compressor Condenser To Evaporator

  • Total cooling solution designed & development by

Fujikura Group using in-house technology  Evaporator made by FETL with advanced cold Plate manufacturing technology.  Heat pipe application inside MRU unit to improve COP.  SUS flexible tube piping made by Fujikura-Numazu.  Assembled & inspected by Fujikura Compo Sakura with high reliability.

  • Target system price: ~ 5000 USD

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SLIDE 12

Fujikura MRU: Test Results

10 20 30 40 50 60

0:00:00 0:00:35 0:01:10 0:01:45 0:02:20 0:02:55 0:03:30 0:04:05 0:04:40 0:05:15 0:05:50 0:06:25 0:07:00 0:07:35 0:08:10 0:08:45 0:09:20 0:09:55 0:10:30 0:11:05 0:11:40 0:12:15 0:12:50 0:13:25 0:14:00 0:14:35 0:15:10 0:15:45 0:16:20 0:16:55 0:17:30 0:18:05 0:18:40 0:19:15 0:19:50 Heater ON Refrigerator ON

Evaporator

Evaporator-Inlet Evaporator-Outlet

10 20 30 40 50 60

0:00:00 0:00:35 0:01:10 0:01:45 0:02:20 0:02:55 0:03:30 0:04:05 0:04:40 0:05:15 0:05:50 0:06:25 0:07:00 0:07:35 0:08:10 0:08:45 0:09:20 0:09:55 0:10:30 0:11:05 0:11:40 0:12:15 0:12:50 0:13:25 0:14:00 0:14:35 0:15:10 0:15:45 0:16:20 0:16:55 0:17:30 0:18:05 0:18:40 0:19:15 0:19:50 Heater ON Refrigerator ON

Evaporator

Evaporator-Inlet Evaporator-Outlet

Time, mm:ss Temperature, °C

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 Evaporator temperature controlled at around 25 – 26 °C  Heater Input 1.8 kW

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SLIDE 13

Technology comparison: Evaporator Heat Transfer Coefficient

Liquid Pumped Cooling

Thermal Control Technology Evaporative Heat Transfer Coefficient

10 k 20 k 30 k 40 k 50 k

5 – 10 k 8 – 15 k 10 – 20 k 15 – 35 k 20 – 50 k Thin Heat Pipes Cylindrical Heat Pipes Vapour Chambers Loop Heat Pipes

 Single phase cooling  Pumped circulation  One dimensional heat flow  Two phase passive cooling  Two dimensional heat flow  Two phase passive cooling  Heat spreading device  Highly developed evaporator  Two phase passive cooling  High heat flux and long distance capability

Evaporative heat transfer coefficient range for each technology is dependent on:  Evaporator design & thickness  Operation orientation  Heat flux  Heat transfer length

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SLIDE 14

Heat Spreader

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SLIDE 15

Heat Spreader of Chips

A heat spreader is important part to be spreading heat and guard for silicon chips. Cold forged Electro Ni plating Gold plating CPU Package IHS with Ni plating and gold plating Stiffener

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SLIDE 16

Micro-channel Vapor chamber

Micro skiving fin is available 0.1mm fin gap and 0.1 mm fin thickness.

Thermal Resistance of Micro Channel Vapor Chamber

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SLIDE 17

Piezo Fan

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SLIDE 18

Piezo Fan (Dual Cool Jet): Heat Dissipating Element Thin, Robust, Simple Structure

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SLIDE 19

Features of DCJ

Thin D DC fan for note-PC PC

◎Miniaturization of fan bearing has limitation on the size due to reliability. 3mm thick is required at this moment. ◎High rotation speed is needed when reducing the thickness, and it becomes a high noise and high power consumption. ◎Failure is caused from dust.

Ultra thin DCJ

◎1mm thickness is possible. ◎Low acoustic noise (<35dBA). ◎Low power consumption (<350mW). ◎Simple structure.

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SLIDE 20

Sample of DCJ (40SQ)

Size (main body: W x L x T) 40x40x1 [mm] Size with frame (Wo x Lo) 60x50 [mm] Input Voltage DC 5 [V] Driving Voltage* AC 25 [Vrms] Driving Frequency* 155 ±2[Hz]

  • Max. Air Flow Rate*

15 [LPM]

  • Max. Static Pressure*

6 [Pa]

Ｐ－Ｑ Performance（40SQ-25D-1T）

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 5 10 15 20 Air flow [L/min] Static pressure [Pa]

20 Fan On Fan Off

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SLIDE 21

Power Input (W) Heater Temperature ( ºC)

DCJ running at 125 HZ and 35 Vrms ※

With DCJ cooling, CPU power can be increased up to 5 W

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1 2 3 4 5 6 DCJ on DCJ off

Reference DCJ Testing Data for 5W Cooling

※Tested only one DCJ without any other thermal cooling parts

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SLIDE 22

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4: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY _ Fabricated Module

Specification Heat Pipe : L 175.0mm W 8.5mm T 1.5mm Module Weight : 20gmm (Including Fan) Maximum Height : 4.5mm

Current module Qmax is 18W

Qmax 18W

Total Resistance Temperature Profile

電子電装事業部門 開発発表会 , 27th December ,2012

Th Target Line

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SLIDE 23

Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC)

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SLIDE 24

Energy Sources Volumetric Energy Density (Watt*hours/Liter) Specific Energy Density (Watt*hours/kg) Li-ion Batteries 450 200 Hydrogen + Container Compr (2000 psi) 520 248 Hydrogen/Metal Hydride 600 236 Methanol* 4,817 6,098 Formic Acid 2,050 1,724

*Methanol has the highest energy density.

Energy Density of Selected Fuels

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SLIDE 25

(1) Methanol permeable membrane (2) DMFC MEA (3) Air and water management layer

e-

Air Water Methanol

(1) (2) (3)

CO2 vent

Water Balance Operation:

  • Water is produced at the cathode.
  • About 1/3 generated water is reused at anode for electrochemical reaction.
  • About 2/3 generated water is released from the system.

O2 H2O MeOH

Technical highlight - Passive water balance

  • peration

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SLIDE 26

Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC)

DMFC is investigated based on our thermal and liquid feeding technology. Strong point

  • Unique fuel delivering system
  • Pocket size
  • High energy conversion efficiency using exhaust heat (1kW type)

2W output prototype 1kW output prototype Output power [W] 2 1,000 Size [mm] 135 x 75 x 23 400 x 500 x 150 Supplying water temperature [oC]

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Applications Portable electronics device (Smart phone, mobile PC) Aviation, Passenger ship, etc.

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SLIDE 27

Package Internal structure Fuel tank Stack DC-DC converter 1.Sequencing fuel bottle to charge fuel into the DMFC stack 2.Connecting DMFC to the portable electronic device. 3.DMFC will automatically start to charge the electronic device.

2W DMFC

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  • 1. H×L×t : 75×140×38 mm
  • 2. Weight without fuel : 230g (With fuel : 260g)
  • 3. Power output : 4-5W·h for 1 fuel pushing.
  • 4. Working time: up to 8 hours (Automatically stop)
  • 5. Orientation independent
  • 6. Working temperature : 10 – 35oC (0 -40oC in future).
  • 7. Ambient relative humidity : 10 – 100%
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SLIDE 28

Performance & Durability of passive DMFC system

  • Working time: 6 hours with one fuel charging.
  • Total power output: C#1 (4.60W·h); C#120(4.55W·h).
  • Fuel utilization: 1.4 W·h/g of fuel.
  • We tested this DMFC charger in last 6 months for total 120 operation cycles.

0. 2 0. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1. 1. 2 60 120 180 240 300 360 T i m e (m i ns) P ow er output (W )

C #1 C #120

25oC and 50%RH 28

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SLIDE 29

Overall Dimensions: 600mm (W) x 400mm (D) x 330mm (H)

600 mm 400mm 300mm 29

1KW DMFC

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Liquid pump Heat exchanger stack Liquid pump Air blower Methanol sensor Water tank Methanol solution tank 30

1KW DMFC

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Performance of large active area single cell (180cm2)

  • The peak power output is 16.5W.
  • Assume 61 cells in one stack, the stack power output is 1,000W.
  • In order to increase the stack power output to 1,200W, 20% up of

performance is needed.

  • Our target is to increase single cell power output 20 to 25W.
  • 2.00E+00

0.00E+00 2.00E+00 4.00E+00 6.00E+00 8.00E+00 1.00E+01 1.20E+01 1.40E+01 1.60E+01 1.80E+01 0.00E+00 1.00E-01 2.00E-01 3.00E-01 4.00E-01 5.00E-01 6.00E-01 7.00E-01 8.00E-01 0.00E+001.00E+012.00E+013.00E+014.00E+015.00E+016.00E+017.00E+01 Voltage (V) Current (A)

Power output, 75C, 1.75% MeOH at 0.4ml/A, dry air

E_Stack[V]-0710 E_Stack[V]-0625 Power[W]-0710 Power[W]-0625

31 Power (W)

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SLIDE 32

Energy balance diagram of 1.0 kW DMFC

4.0 kW of heat 1.0 kW of net electrical power 150 W for air blower 150 W for the other active components 1.3 kW of total electrical power 5.3 kW of methanol

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SLIDE 33

Thanks

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