Lifecycle Management Methodology using Lifecycle Cost Benefit - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Lifecycle Management Methodology using Lifecycle Cost Benefit Analysis for Washing Machine H. Yamaguchi, N. Itsubo, S. Lee, I. Jeong, M. Motoshita, A. Inaba LCA Research Center, AIST M. Ichinohe, N. Yamamoto, Hitachi, Ltd. Y. Miyano , Hitachi Appliances, Inc. This reserch is supported by NEDO

Introduction EuP Directive Requests to Manufacturers of EuP: ・ Ecodesign ・ Life Cycle Thinking ・ LCA (ISO14041,14044) ・ Green Product Chane ・ International Harmonization → Request for Internal Ecodesign control or Management system for Ecodesign Problem: ・ Relation of environmantal impact and cost unclarified ・ Many kinds of environmental options ・ Identify Priority of Options using Cost-Benefit Analysis → Need a tool for Decision Making Support for Environmental Options and Communication

Goal ・ Develop LCCBA Method with Monetary value of environmental Impact using LIME, including LCT, LCA, LCC → CBA ・ Develop EcoDesign Managing system According to EuP request ・ Clearize Cost-Environmental Profile of Products and Process able to support for Decision making and Communication ・ Achieve an Example of Washing Machine

Weigting Character Damage -ization Assessment LIME (Life-cycle Impact assessment Method based on Endpoint modeling)

Target and Scope of Example Target: Life cycle of a Washing Machine for home use (Laundry:8kg) Scope: Recycle/ Transpor- Material- Waste Use taion production Treatment System Boundary

Phase1: Extraction of Improvement Options for Ecodesign Phase2: CBA for Improvement Options LCA CBA Check Check Yes Yes LCC No No Step-by-step Approach Basic Improvement Specification LCCBA LCCBA LCCBA data Report Option of Products (Phase1) (Phase2) (Phase3) Idea Ecodesign Eco-profile Generation Parameter LCA Check Yes LCC No Phase3: LCA, LCC for Final Products Process Flow of LCCBA

LCA ・ LCC Step1 • Analize for screening. • Perform quickly using simple data. • Extract the stage and process having large environmental impact and cost. • Infer the ecodesign parameter. • Check by criteria and go to the next step (Step2 or Phase2).

LCC ・ LCA Data Step1 Stage Item* Amout* LCC LCA Steel 27.2kg ETH- ESU96 Copper 1.81kg ETH- ESU96 Material- W ashing Machine(IO) Aluminium 3.11kg ETH- ESU96 Producion Polypropylene. 14.87kg ETH- ESU96 ABS 1.31kg APMA Packaging Cardboard 5kg × BUW AL250 Material EPS 0.5kg × PRE Electricity 377.2kW h Av.unit pricie× Av. amount AIST- LCA Detergent 206kg Av.unit pricie× Av. amount AIST- LCA Use** Tap W ater 539kL Av.unit pricie× Av. amount IO Sewage System 539kL Av.unit pricie× Av. amount AIST- LCA Transpotation truck (600km× 2) 78.6t･km Av. Price BUW AL250 Recycling of Steel 27.2kg BUW AL250 Recycling of Copper 1.33kg PRE Recycling/ Recycling of Recycling Price for W ashing 1.76kg BUW AL250 W aste Aluminum Mashine by Recycling Law treament Recycling of for Home Appliances 15.87kg BUW AL250 Polypropylene Landfill 11.84kg BUW AL250 * Value for Representative W ashing Machine ** 365W ash× 11.5years

Step1 Cost and Environmental Impact for Stages (Relative value) 0.5 Material～Production Environmental Impact (Relative value) 0.4 0.3 W ater(Use) 0.2 Detergent(Use) 0.1 Recycling, W aste treatment Electricity(Use) Transportation 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Cost (Relative value) H. Yamaguchi, et al., Proc. 7th Ecobalance, p.409 (Tsukuba, 2006)

Adequacy Check for the Step1 Adequacy checking 1st criteria 2nd criteria (ISO14044) Technological coverage Geographical coverage Time- related cverage ecodesign parameter Representativeness Possibility to infer Ecodesign Parameter to 2nd Judgement 1st Judgement Identified Completeness Improve- Other Items be improved Problem ment Option （ EuP Directives) (e) Quantity of consumables W ater（ Use）∨ ○ ∨ ∨ X X X ∨ X needed for use and maintenance Detergent ∨ ○ ∨ ∨ X X X ∨ X (c) W ater consumption （ Use） Material～ X X - - - - - - - Production Ecodesign parameter : EuP directive, Annex Ⅰ (2005), 2nd criteria : ISO 14044 (2006)

LCA ・ LCC Step2 1. Analize the important stage and process precisely after Step1. a) Material ～ Production: Collect Data of the production factory for small units of the products.(Housing, Driver, Controller, Washing Tub ・・・） Material, Parts: Collect the material and weight. Anscillary Material, Utility, Waste allocate to unit by man/hour of the unit production. b) Use ： Use washing frequency by the actual survey data c) Survey for other stage more precisely if possible. 2. Extract the stage and process having large environmental impact and cost. 3. Infer the ecodesign parameter and generate the improvement option. 4. Check the adequacy by 1 st and 2 nd criteria and go to the next step (Step3 or Phase2).

Step2 LCA Results (Environmental Impact: 23,500 Yen) Materia～Production Materia～Production Recycling, W aste treatment 17.7% Lead solder Electricity(Use) W ater(Use) Detergent(Use) Transportation 10.9% Transp. to consumer e Transp. to recycler g ta S Use 42.9% Recycling, W aste treatment 28.5% - 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 Environmantal Impact (Yen) LCA Software:SimaPro7, Database: Ecoinvent, AIST, Impact Evaluation: LIME

Step2 LCC Results Material～Production Sales, General Management Material～Production (11.9% ) Transp. Distribution Electricity(Use) Detergent(Use) W ater(Use) Transp. (5.6% ) Recycling , W ase treatment Stage Use (82.0% ) Recycling , W ase treatment (0.52% ) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Cost (% )

Step2 Cost- Environmental Impact Profile for Stages 0.3 Recycling・ W aste treatment Detergent/ Use Environmental Impact 0.2 Relative Value) Material～Production W ater/ Use Transp. 0.1 （ Electricity/ Use Sales・ General Management Distribution 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Cost （ Relative Value)

Cost and Environmental Impact for Unit Production (Relative Value) 0.30 Controller 0.25 Environmental Impact (Relative Value) Impact of Lead Driver ： In PCB 0.20 Housing 24%of Total 0.15 Basket 0.10 Outer tub 0.05 Lid Inspection, Packaging Dryer Assembly Hangging stick 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 Production Cost (Relative Value)

Adequacy Check for the Step2 LCA and LCC Adequacy checking 1st criteria 2nd criteria (ISO14044) Technological coverage Geographical coverage Time- related cverage ecodesign parameter Representativeness Possibility to infer Ecodesign Parameter to be 2nd Judgement 1st Judgement Identified Completeness Improve- Other Items improved Problem ment Option （ EuP Directives) (e) Quantity of consumables W ater（ Use）∨ ○ ∨ ∨ ∨ ∨ ∨ ∨ ○ needed for use and Dewater maintenance Detergent Saving of ∨ ○ ∨ ∨ ∨ ∨ ∨ ∨ ○ (c) W ater consumption （ Use） detergent (d) Use of hazardous Material～ Lead- free ∨ ○ ∨ ∨ ∨ ∨ ∨ ∨ ○ substances （ Pb, PCB of Production soldering Controller） Recycling, (d) Emission to soil （ Pb, Lead- free W aste ∨ ○ ∨ ∨ ∨ ∨ ∨ ∨ ○ Potential Environmental soldering treatment Impact） Ecodesign parameter : EuP directive, Annex Ⅰ (2005), 2nd criteria : ISO 14044 (2006)

Phase1: Extraction of Improvement Phase2: CBA for Improvement Options Options for Ecodesign LCA CBA Check Check Yes Yes LCC No No Step-by-step Approach Improvement Specification LCCBA LCCBA LCCBA Report Option of Products Basic (Phase1) (Phase2) (Phase3) data Idea Ecodesign Eco-profile Generation Parameter LCA Check Yes LCC No Phase3: LCA, LCC for Final Products Process Flow of LCCBA

Precise Examination of Environmantal Options Environmental Saving of Dewater Pb Free Options Detergent Soldering ･ Trend of consumer ･ Effect ･ Cost, ･ Usability, Methods under ･ Characteristics of ･ Quality of Washing for consideration Solder, ･ Equipment Cleaning ･ Circulation of High density ･ Sn0.7Cu solder Issues considered (No detergent liquid by new dewater adoption) pulsator ･ Washing by dewater pulsator ･ Production Method adopted - ･ Control for high torque motor Engineering ･ Production ･ Production equipment Equipment

（１） Dewater Scenario ６ 洗浄方式「ビート式」 Conventional Method New Dewater Method Drum type Drum type New dewater New dewater pulsator pulsator Agitator type Agitator type Pulsator type Pulsator type Lifter Lifter Wing Wing Trap clothes to rotate Slide clothes up and down Use little water used Move clothes by water flow

８ Dewater ・Pushing, beating, rubbing Point of Development wash by dewater pulsator Dewater ・Reuse of high-density Washing by detergent liquid by circulation Circulation High-density Detergent Liquid 内フタからシャワー Dewater Pulsator 状に 高濃度洗剤液をかけ る （ Pushing, beating, rubbing wash ） Circulation Pump High density Detergent Liquid