Lesson 2: Where Do We Begin? Discovering Design Your Design - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Lesson 2: Where Do We Begin?

Discovering Design

Your Design Challenge

Work in pairs to design and build a portable pinhole camera to be used by participants in an arts program for people with disabilities. Write this statement in your engineering notebook.

Naming the Steps of the Engineering Design Process

 Engineers use a structured process to solve design

challenges.

 All design challenges start with a design challenge

• statement. Can we give a name to the “step” of

receiving or creating a design challenge statement?

When we design for people, we must think about…

These guide us toward what

• ur design must do.

These guide us toward what our design should allow users to do. Let’s start with these.

User needs User actions

What does your customer need?

Analyze user needs – first need.

What aspects of the camera design does this affect?

Record on 4”x5” black and white film paper a single image of a 10’x10’ square area from a distance

• f no less than 5’ and no more than

20’, filling the paper as much as possible without cutting off the subject.

Remember that light travels in straight lines.

 Recall your notes on the camera obscura

 What happens as the camera is moved closer to the

• bject? Farther from it?

The image in the camera changes with camera distance.

 What if the camera stays still and the film

paper moves inside the camera?

 Engineers would use math and science, not just trial-

and-error, to figure out where to put the film and place the camera. You should, too!

The image in the camera changes with film position.

Let’s Consider an Example: Film Placement

 Suppose that you want to make a pinhole camera

from a 12”x5”x7” box and use it to photograph the side of a 5’x5’x14’ car from no farther than 35’ away using 2”x3” film paper. You want the image to fill the film paper without being cut off.

 If you are going to affix the film paper to one side of the

box, what are your options for that placement?

 How far would you have to be from the car to get the

desired image?

 Work with your partner to explain your reasoning and

draw a model of the situation.

Example: Film Placement

 Which dimensions of the car matter?

14’ 5’ 5’

Example: Film Placement

 What would models for height and length look like?

Camera Subject

Example: Film Placement

 What would models for height and length look like?

14’ Film length 3” Car length Camera Distance ≤ 35’

Example: Film Placement

 What would models for height and length look like?

5’ Film height 2” Car height Camera Distance ≤ 35’

Example: Film Placement

 If needed, revise your geometric model(s) with your

• partner. Show either one 3-D model or two 2-D

models.

 Show film paper, aperture, and subject  Show height and width  How can we determine the dimensions of the pinhole

camera?

Optics models can be complex.

 Geometric/algebraic model using linear equations

Optics models can be simplified.

 Geometric model using similar triangles and

proportionality

Example: Film Placement

 Recall that, in this example, you want to make a

pinhole camera from a 12”x5”x7” box and use it to photograph a 5’x5’x14’ car from no farther than 35’ away using 2”x3” film paper. You want the image to fill the film paper without being cut off.

 If you are going to affix the film paper to one side of the

box, what are your options for that placement?

 How far would you have to be from the car to get the

desired image?

Write the problem statement, perform the calculations, and answer the questions in your engineering notebook.

Now determine the geometry of your camera.

 Use the model that you developed and used for the

previous example to calculate the required dimensions of your own camera.

 What are your options for the focal length of your

camera for this project?

 What can you say about the minimum or maximum

size required for the container?

Record this in your engineering notebook.

 Place post-it notes on the appropriate pages in your notebook to

denote the following items:

 User needs  User actions  Example model, calculations and answers  My camera geometry, min/max size

 Write down the name of the appropriate item on each post-it.  Place a post-it in your notebook for anything else you are

particularly proud of or would like me to see.

Notebook Check

What’s Next?

These guide us toward what

• ur design must do.

These guide us toward what our design should allow users to do. We’ll continue to explore user needs…

User needs User actions

… which will make us look at user actions.