Lecture 09: VMs and VCS head in the clouds Hands-on Unix system administration DeCal 2012-10-29 1 / 20
Projects groups of four people ❖ Projects ● Virtualization submit one form per group with OCF ● Head in the clouds usernames, proposed project ideas, and one SSH public key virtualization infrastructure is in place: ● we’ll create accounts and send out an announcement by Wednesday needed for this week’s lab ✦ 2 / 20
❖ Projects Virtualization ❖ What is virtualization? ❖ Virtualization is ❖ Why? Virtualization ❖ Why not? ❖ Degrees of separation ❖ Process isolation ❖ Full virtualization ❖ Full virtualization cont’d ❖ More features Head in the clouds 3 / 20
What is virtualization? ❖ Projects predates Unix (IBM: 1964) ● Virtualization ❖ What is virtualization? ❖ Virtualization is ❖ Why? ❖ Why not? ❖ Degrees of separation ❖ Process isolation ❖ Full virtualization ❖ Full virtualization cont’d ❖ More features via http://wowrack.com/images/misc/ Head in the virtualization-architechture.gif clouds 4 / 20
Virtualization is ❖ Projects multiple virtual machines (VMs) on ● Virtualization one physical computer ❖ What is virtualization? what is a virtual machine? ❖ Virtualization ● is ❖ Why? processes, memory, disk, network ❖ Why not? ✦ ❖ Degrees of separation traffic, input/output devices? ❖ Process isolation ❖ Full how thoroughly virtualized? ● virtualization ❖ Full virtualization can it run any operating system cont’d ✦ ❖ More features that supports a specific Head in the clouds architecture? 5 / 20
Why? consolidation ❖ Projects ● Virtualization ❖ What is increase hardware utilization ✦ virtualization? ❖ Virtualization decrease power consumption is ✦ ❖ Why? ❖ Why not? compartmentalization (reliability, ❖ Degrees of ● separation security) ❖ Process isolation ❖ Full virtualization separate services on different VMs ✦ ❖ Full virtualization cont’d abstraction (flexibility) ❖ More ● features Head in the easily provision/destroy servers clouds ✦ 6 / 20
Why not? ❖ Projects single point of failure (reliability, ● Virtualization security) ❖ What is virtualization? restrictions on virtualized operating ❖ Virtualization ● is ❖ Why? system ❖ Why not? performance impacts ❖ Degrees of ● separation ❖ Process inadequate compartmentalization ● isolation ❖ Full (security) virtualization ❖ Full licensing ($) virtualization ● cont’d ❖ More features Head in the clouds 7 / 20
Degrees of separation process isolation ❖ Projects ● Virtualization ❖ What is one OS, many isolated user-space ✦ virtualization? ❖ Virtualization “containers” is ❖ Why? ❖ Why not? full virtualzation ❖ Degrees of ● separation ❖ Process one hypervisor , many OSes on isolation ✦ ❖ Full virtualization virtual “hardware” ❖ Full virtualization cont’d lots of gray area in between ❖ More ● features Head in the one kernel, many OSes? clouds ✦ 8 / 20
Process isolation varying degrees of isolated use-space ❖ Projects ● Virtualization (CPU, memory, I/O, network) ❖ What is virtualization? enhanced chroot ❖ Virtualization ● is low abstraction, low overhead ❖ Why? ● ❖ Why not? ❖ Degrees of cannot run a virtualized OS separation ✦ ❖ Process isolation compartmentalization is limited ✦ ❖ Full virtualization ❖ Full implementations: Linux containers, virtualization ● cont’d OpenVZ (Linux), FreeBSD jails, ❖ More features Solaris zones Head in the clouds 9 / 20
Full virtualization ❖ Projects thorough hardware architecture (e.g., ● Virtualization x86) abstraction by hypervisor ❖ What is virtualization? more overhead, (nearly) full ❖ Virtualization ● is ❖ Why? compartmentalization ❖ Why not? virtualized OS need not be aware ❖ Degrees of ● separation ❖ Process virtualized OS can be aware: ● isolation ❖ Full paravirtualization virtualization ❖ Full virtualization cont’d one kernel, many OSes ✦ ❖ More features “cooperative” drivers (e.g., virtio, ✦ Head in the clouds “guest additions”) 10 / 20
Full virtualization cont’d ❖ Projects physical hardware (“bare metal”) need ● Virtualization not be aware ❖ What is virtualization? physical hardware can be aware: ❖ Virtualization ● is ❖ Why? hardware-assisted ❖ Why not? ❖ Degrees of separation VT flag on modern processors ✦ ❖ Process isolation often necessary for decent ✦ ❖ Full virtualization performance ❖ Full virtualization cont’d ❖ More implementations: qemu/KVM, ● features VirtualBox, VMware, Hyper-V Head in the clouds 11 / 20
More features teleportation: migration of VMs ❖ Projects ● Virtualization between hypervisors ❖ What is virtualization? ❖ Virtualization live vs. offline is ✦ ❖ Why? ❖ Why not? snapshots of state ❖ Degrees of ● separation ❖ Process live (RAM include) vs. offline isolation ✦ ❖ Full virtualization (only disk, e.g., logical volume) ❖ Full virtualization cont’d automation? ❖ More ● features Head in the clouds 12 / 20
❖ Projects Virtualization Head in the clouds ❖ What is the cloud? ❖ Business as Head in the clouds usual ❖ Cloud computing is ❖ Examples ❖ IaaS ❖ Paradigm changes ❖ Amazon Web Services 13 / 20
What is the cloud? ❖ Projects Virtualization Head in the clouds ❖ What is the cloud? ❖ Business as usual ❖ Cloud computing is ❖ Examples ❖ IaaS ❖ Paradigm changes ❖ Amazon Web Services via http://www.ibm.com/cloud-computing/ images/smartcloud-smarterplanet.png 14 / 20
Business as usual economies of scale: pool labor and ❖ Projects ● Virtualization material resources Head in the clouds ❖ What is the pay recurring costs (rent, utility ✦ cloud? ❖ Business as price) vs one-time costs usual ❖ Cloud computing is (equipment, software license) ❖ Examples ❖ IaaS “outsource” enterprise computing ✦ ❖ Paradigm changes for speed and maintenance ❖ Amazon Web Services Big Brother? ● 15 / 20
Cloud computing is computing resources delivered over a ❖ Projects ● Virtualization network (Internet) Head in the clouds ❖ What is the cloud? ❖ Business as usual ❖ Cloud computing is ❖ Examples ❖ IaaS ❖ Paradigm changes ❖ Amazon Web Services via wikimedia.org 16 / 20
Examples ❖ Projects Software as a Service (SaaS) ● Virtualization Head in the Google Apps, iCloud, ✦ clouds ❖ What is the Dropbox/Box, ? cloud? ❖ Business as usual Platform as a Service (PaaS) ❖ Cloud ● computing is ❖ Examples Heroku, Google App Engine ❖ IaaS ✦ ❖ Paradigm changes ❖ Amazon Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) ● Web Services Amazon AWS (e.g., EC2), ✦ Rackspace Cloud, Microsoft Azure 17 / 20
IaaS virtualization on large scale ❖ Projects ● Virtualization Head in the data centers of hypervisors ✦ clouds ❖ What is the image, device (block), file storage ✦ cloud? ❖ Business as virtual LANs (VLANs), firewalls usual ✦ ❖ Cloud computing is on demand scaling ❖ Examples ● ❖ IaaS ❖ Paradigm changes ❖ Amazon Web Services 18 / 20
Paradigm changes instance storage ❖ Projects ● Virtualization load balancing ● Head in the clouds rapid deployment, centralized ● ❖ What is the cloud? management ❖ Business as usual ❖ Cloud computing is ❖ Examples ❖ IaaS ❖ Paradigm changes ❖ Amazon Web Services 19 / 20
Amazon Web Services ❖ Projects Virtualization Head in the clouds ❖ What is the cloud? ❖ Business as usual ❖ Cloud computing is ❖ Examples ❖ IaaS ❖ Paradigm changes ❖ Amazon Web Services via http://developer.mindtouch.com/Wik.is/ EC2_Infrastructure 20 / 20
Recommend
More recommend
