Learning and cooperation for Learning and cooperation for - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Learning and cooperation for Learning and cooperation for innovation at local level: innovation at local level: conceptual aspects conceptual aspects and indicators of and indicators of RedeSist RedeSist

Ana Lúcia Ana Lúcia Tatsch Tatsch Rodolfo Torres Rodolfo Torres Sérgio Almeida Sérgio Almeida José Eduardo Cassiolato José Eduardo Cassiolato

2

Aims Aims

■ ■ Aim of the paper:

Aim of the paper:

■ ■ 1

1 -

• a conceptual discussion of evaluating

a conceptual discussion of evaluating learning and cooperation in local productive learning and cooperation in local productive arrangements. arrangements.

■ ■ 2

2 -

• develop a set of indicators for measuring

develop a set of indicators for measuring cooperation and learning. cooperation and learning.

Redesist Redesist Methodology of Methodology of Empirical Studies in LPA Empirical Studies in LPA

■ ■ This questionnaire is divided into five sections

This questionnaire is divided into five sections

■ 1-

• describes some basic characteristics of the firm, such

describes some basic characteristics of the firm, such as the size and number of employees. as the size and number of employees.

■ ■ 2

2-

• discusses more deeply some aspects of the

discusses more deeply some aspects of the production process and employee production process and employee’ ’s capabilities. s capabilities.

■ ■ 3

3-

• captures the main issues related to innovation,

captures the main issues related to innovation, cooperation and learning cooperation and learning

■ ■ 4

4-

• evaluates the local externalities of the LPA.

evaluates the local externalities of the LPA.

■ ■ 5

5-

• discusses the impact of public policies to the

discusses the impact of public policies to the performance of the firm. performance of the firm.

4

Redesist Redesist Methodology of Methodology of Empirical Studies in LPA Empirical Studies in LPA

• The third section of the questionnaire is the base to the

The third section of the questionnaire is the base to the proposal of indicators of learning and cooperation in local proposal of indicators of learning and cooperation in local productive arrangement. productive arrangement.

• Four questions analyze the innovation process of the firms

Four questions analyze the innovation process of the firms

• One question evaluates the origin of the information to the

One question evaluates the origin of the information to the learning process. learning process.

• Other questions discuss the cooperation of the firm in the

Other questions discuss the cooperation of the firm in the local productive arrangement. local productive arrangement.

• All of these questions, ask the firm to show the intensity of

All of these questions, ask the firm to show the intensity of the interactions and the strength of the relationship with the interactions and the strength of the relationship with

• ther agents in LPA.
• ther agents in LPA.

5

Main Features of Indicators Main Features of Indicators

• Cooperation and learning are magnitudes which

Cooperation and learning are magnitudes which should be expressed as a measure of intensity should be expressed as a measure of intensity

• Cooperation and learning are not countable

Cooperation and learning are not countable magnitudes, that is, they cannot be viewed as a magnitudes, that is, they cannot be viewed as a absolute measure. absolute measure.

■ ■ The result is featured in the interval between 0 and

The result is featured in the interval between 0 and 1.(indicating an intensity measure of the attribute). 1.(indicating an intensity measure of the attribute).

■ ■ The values are calculated for each firm, so the final

The values are calculated for each firm, so the final result considers the mean of the LPA`s firms. result considers the mean of the LPA`s firms.

Section III Section III -

• Question 8: cooperation

Question 8: cooperation activities activities

class 1 suppliers 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 4 clients 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 4 competitors 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 4 joint ventures 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 4 class 2 Universities 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 4 Research Centers 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 4 Institutes for Capacitation 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 4 class 3 Unions 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 4 Financial Institutions 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 4 Importance Location Formalization

Indicators Indicators

• Indicator of the degree of importance of

Indicator of the degree of importance of cooperation cooperation

• Indicator of degree of formalization

Indicator of degree of formalization

• Indicator of degree of endogenous cooperation

Indicator of degree of endogenous cooperation

Indicator of importance of cooperation Indicator of importance of cooperation

Classes of agents: (1)

∑

=

= =

k l l C j

n j n k I

1

,..., 2 , 1 ; 3 1

(class)

n i ,..., 2 , 1 =

(agents) (we will assume, for simplification, that

n P

i

S j

1 =

3) =

i

S j n j C j C i

P I I

∑

=

=

1

~

where n Firm: (2) Arrangement: (3)

∑

=

=

n i C i C A

I n I

1

~ 1 ~

follows that

1 ~ ≤ ≤

C A

I

In such a way that, as

1 3

,

≤ ≤

i l

n

Indicator of degree of formalization Indicator of degree of formalization

( )

∑

=

− =

k l F l l FMC j

n n k I

1

2 3 1

Class of agents: (1)

C i S j n j FMC j FMC i

I P I I

i

~ ~

1

∑

=

=

Firm: (2)

∑

=

=

n i FMC i FMC A

I n I

1

~ 1 ~

Arrangement: (3)

1. ~ ≤ ≤

FMC A

I

1 ~ ≤ ≤

FMC i

I follows logically that 0

Note that, as

1 ~ ~ = +

FMC A INFC A

I I

Indicator of endogenous cooperation Indicator of endogenous cooperation

Class Agents (1)

C j i k l L l i j l i EC j i

I n n k I

, 1 , , ,

) (

φ

3 1 ∑

=

= (a) where

( )

L l L l

n n − = 4 3 1 ) (

φ

,

i

S j n j EC j EC i

P I I

∑

=

=

1

~

Firm (2) (b) Arrangement (3)

∑

=

=

n i EC i EC A

I n I

1

~ 1 ~

(c);

1 ~ ≤ ≤

EC A

I

.

Note that, as

• 1

3

,

≤ ≤

i l

n

follows, from (a), (b) and (c), that

Section III Section III -

• Question 6: fonts of information to

Question 6: fonts of information to learning process learning process

class 1 suppliers 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 4 clients 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 4 competitors 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 4 joint ventures 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 4

• ther firms of the sector

1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 4 subsidiaries 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 4 consulting firms 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 4 class 2 Universities 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 4 Research Centers 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 4 Capacitation Institutes 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 4 class 3 Conferences 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 4 Workshops 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 4 Internet 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 4 Importance Formalization Location

Indicator Indicator

• Indicator which explicates how locally the

Indicator which explicates how locally the learning processes are accomplished by the learning processes are accomplished by the firms: firms: Indicator of

Indicator of endogenous learning endogenous learning

Indicator of Indicator of endogenous learning endogenous learning

Source agent (1) :

I s i p l L l i S l i L s i

L n n p

, 1 , , ,

) (

φ

3 1 ∑

=

= Π

( )

L l i L l i

n n

, ,

4 3 1 ) (

φ

− = where Firm (2) : Π

i

S s h s L s i L i

P

∑

=

Π =

1 ,

~ (18) Arrangement (3):

∑

=

Π = Π

n i L i L A

n

1

~ 1 ~

(19).

[ ]

1 , ~ ∈ ΠL

A

. As 0 and from (18) that

1

,

≤ Π ≤

L s i

Conclusion Conclusion

• The indicators proposed in this paper aim at

The indicators proposed in this paper aim at characterizing and evaluating the intensity of characterizing and evaluating the intensity of cooperation in local productive arrangement. cooperation in local productive arrangement.

• The future steps of the research will be the proposal

The future steps of the research will be the proposal

• f cross indicators (for example intensity of
• f cross indicators (for example intensity of

cooperation versus degree

• f

endogenous cooperation versus degree

• f

endogenous cooperation) cooperation). .

• Moreover, by using these indicators will be possible

Moreover, by using these indicators will be possible to evaluate differences among the local productive to evaluate differences among the local productive arrangements studied. arrangements studied.