Law, Justice and Development Week 2013 Towards A Science of Delivery - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Law, Justice and Development Week 2013 Towards A Science of Delivery in Development How Law and Justice Can Help Translate Voice, Social Contract and Accountability into Development Impact November 18-22, 2013 1818 Street NW Washington DC The

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Law, Justice and Development Week 2013

Towards A Science of Delivery in Development How Law and Justice Can Help Translate Voice, Social Contract and Accountability into Development Impact

November 18-22, 2013 1818 Street NW Washington DC

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SLIDE 2

November 18, 2013

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The African City’s fate in central - local relations

Jaap de Visser Community Law Centre, University of the Western Cape

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SLIDE 3

The African City: hotbed of opposition?

  • Opposition to national politics often emerges

in urban context

  • How does the national polity respond?
  • Compare: Zimbabwe, South Africa, Ethiopia,

Uganda

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SLIDE 4

Country City Oppositi

  • n

Contestation Current status / latest news Zimbabwe

Harare

’02

  • ppositio

n wins RSA

Cape Town

‘06

  • ppositio

n wins Ethiopia

Addis Ababa

’05

  • ppositio

n wins Uganda

Kampala ‘08

  • ppositio

n wins ’11

  • ppositio

n wins

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SLIDE 5

Country City Oppositi

  • n

Contestation Current status / latest news Zimbabwe

Harare

’02

  • ppositio

n wins ’03 mayor suspended ’04-’08 national commission administers Harare RSA

Cape Town

‘06

  • ppositio

n wins Ethiopia

Addis Ababa

’05

  • ppositio

n wins Uganda

Kampala ‘08

  • ppositio

n wins ’11

  • ppositio

n wins

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SLIDE 6

Country City Oppositi

  • n

Contestation Current status / latest news Zimbabwe

Harare

’02

  • ppositio

n wins ’03 mayor suspended ’04-’08 national commission administers Harare ’13 election opposition wins 2013 Const enhances status of LG RSA

Cape Town

‘06

  • ppositio

n wins Ethiopia

Addis Ababa

’05

  • ppositio

n wins Uganda

Kampala ‘08

  • ppositio

n wins ’11

  • ppositio

n wins

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SLIDE 7

Country City Oppositi

  • n

Contestation Current status / latest news Zimbabwe

Harare

’02

  • ppositio

n wins ’03 mayor suspended ’04-’08 national commission administers Harare ’13 election opposition wins 2013 Const enhances status of LG RSA

Cape Town

‘06

  • ppositio

n wins Formal / informal IGR disputes Ethiopia

Addis Ababa

’05

  • ppositio

n wins Uganda

Kampala ‘08

  • ppositio

n wins ’11

  • ppositio

n wins

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SLIDE 8

Country City Oppositi

  • n

Contestation Current status / latest news Zimbabwe

Harare

’02

  • ppositio

n wins ’03 mayor suspended ’04-’08 national commission administers Harare ’13 election opposition wins 2013 Const enhances status of LG RSA

Cape Town

‘06

  • ppositio

n wins Formal / informal IGR disputes ’11 opposition wins Normalisation Ethiopia

Addis Ababa

’05

  • ppositio

n wins Uganda

Kampala ‘08

  • ppositio

n wins ’11

  • ppositio

n wins

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SLIDE 9

Country City Oppositi

  • n

Contestation Current status / latest news Zimbabwe

Harare

’02

  • ppositio

n wins ’03 mayor suspended ’04-’08 national commission administers Harare ’13 election opposition wins 2013 Const enhances status of LG RSA

Cape Town

‘06

  • ppositio

n wins Formal / informal IGR disputes ’11 opposition wins Normalisation Ethiopia

Addis Ababa

’05

  • ppositio

n wins Post-election violence, arrests Opposition dissolves Uganda

Kampala ‘08

  • ppositio

n wins ’11

  • ppositio

n wins

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SLIDE 10

Country City Oppositi

  • n

Contestation Current status / latest news Zimbabwe

Harare

’02

  • ppositio

n wins ’03 mayor suspended ’04-’08 national commission administers Harare ’13 election opposition wins 2013 Const enhances status of LG RSA

Cape Town

‘06

  • ppositio

n wins Formal / informal IGR disputes ’11 opposition wins Normalisation Ethiopia

Addis Ababa

’05

  • ppositio

n wins Post-election violence, arrests Opposition dissolves ’08 & ‘ 013 ruling party regains full control Uganda

Kampala ‘08

  • ppositio

n wins ’11

  • ppositio

n wins

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SLIDE 11

Country City Oppositi

  • n

Contestation Current status / latest news Zimbabwe

Harare

’02

  • ppositio

n wins ’03 mayor suspended ’04-’08 national commission administers Harare ’13 election opposition wins 2013 Const enhances status of LG RSA

Cape Town

‘06

  • ppositio

n wins Formal / informal IGR disputes ’11 opposition wins Normalisation Ethiopia

Addis Ababa

’05

  • ppositio

n wins Post-election violence, arrests Opposition dissolves ’08 & ‘ 013 ruling party regains full control Uganda

Kampala ‘08

  • ppositio

n wins ’11

  • ppositio

n wins Constitution amended KCA Act passed Central govt. now administers Kampala

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SLIDE 12

Country City Oppositi

  • n

Contestation Current status / latest news Zimbabwe

Harare

’02

  • ppositio

n wins ’03 mayor suspended ’04-’08 national commission administers Harare ’13 election opposition wins 2013 Const enhances status of LG RSA

Cape Town

‘06

  • ppositio

n wins Formal / informal IGR disputes ’11 opposition wins Normalisation Ethiopia

Addis Ababa

’05

  • ppositio

n wins Post-election violence, arrests Opposition dissolves ’08 & ‘ 013 ruling party regains full control Uganda

Kampala ‘08

  • ppositio

n wins ’11

  • ppositio

n wins Constitution amended KCA Act passed Central govt. now administers Kampala ‘013 Tribunal recommends Lord Mayor to be removed 2 days ago (18/11): Lord Mayor arrested

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SLIDE 13

Country Urban growth City Oppositi

  • n

Contestation Current status / latest news Zimbabwe

2010: 38% 2030: 51% Harare

’02

  • ppositio

n wins ’03 mayor suspended ’04-’08 national commission administers Harare ’13 election opposition wins 2013 Const enhances status of LG RSA

2010: 62% 2030: 71% Cape Town

‘06

  • ppositio

n wins Formal / informal IGR disputes ’11 opposition wins Normalisation Ethiopia

2010: 18% 2030: 27% Addis Ababa

’05

  • ppositio

n wins Post-election violence, arrests Opposition dissolves ’08 & ‘ 013 ruling party regains full control Uganda

2010: 13% 2030: 21% Kampala ‘08

  • ppositio

n wins ’11

  • ppositio

n wins Constitution amended KCA Act passed Central govt. now administers Kampala ‘013 Tribunal recommends Lord Mayor to be removed 2 days ago (18/11): Lord Mayor arrested

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Does constitutional status matter?

South Africa, 3 examples

  • Stand-alone status for cities
  • Protected revenue: electricity
  • Protected planning powers
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Stand-alone status

  • Constitutional recognition of ‘stand-alone’

status of largest cities

  • Eight metros: single political and planning

units

  • Law defines who qualifies
  • Independent Demarcation Board decides
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SLIDE 16

Electricity

  • Importance:
  • Surplus cross-subsidises other services
  • Electricity distribution essential for debt

collection

  • 2000-2010: nat govt. attempts to regionalise
  • Cities resist successfully, backed by

Constitution

  • Oper. revenue: electricity/total

Metro’s 32.6% Other cities 36.9% National Treasury 2011

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SLIDE 17

Land use

  • Constitution guarantees cities’ power to control

land use

 Johannesburg successfully challenged provincial

decision making (tribunals)

 Cape Town successfully challenged national decision

making (mining)

  •  accelerated devolution of planning powers to

cities

  • Caveat: city may stop undesirable development

but still needs other levels of govt to make development happen

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November 18, 2013

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Thank You

jdevisser@uwc.ac.za