Large Area Picosecond Microchannel Plate Photodetectors Current - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Large Area Picosecond Microchannel Plate Photodetectors Current - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Large Area Picosecond Microchannel Plate Photodetectors Current Future From Photo Sensors Like This Something Like This TO Karen Byrum Argonne HEP Division 7 March 2013 for the LAPPD Collaboration Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March

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Large Area Picosecond Microchannel Plate Photodetectors

Karen Byrum Argonne HEP Division 7 March 2013 for the LAPPD Collaboration

Current From Photo Sensors Like This Future Something Like This

TO

Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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Outline

  • Motivation(s) and Possible Applications
  • LAPPD Introduction
  • Micro Channel Plates
  • Hermetic Packaging, signal and HV circuits
  • Electronics and DAQ (plug-and-play)
  • Photocathodes
  • Conclusions

Acknowledgements- Henry Frisch, Bob Wagner, Ossy Siegmund, Jeff Elam, Matt Wetstein & LAPPD collaborators, Howard Nicholson and the DOE HEP, ANL Management, and the NSF.

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Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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Energy Frontier – Precision TOF and Photon Vertexing

Need: 1) identify the quark content of charged particles Photons arrive 1st, followed by pions, kaons, etc

(Note: conventional TOF resolution is 100 psec -factor of 100 worse than our goal= 1” is 100 psec, so need a small scale-length).

Extract all the information in each event (4-vectors) – only spins remain…

Complete particle measurement: E, p + m(PID) 1ps time & 1mm space resolution

Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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Intensity Frontier — Tracking Neutrino Water Cherenkov Detector

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Tesselation of detector with Large Area MCP-PMTs Technique: measure arrival time and position

  • f photons and reconstruct tracks in water

H.Nicholson

graphic credit: Matt Wetstein

Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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Cosmic Frontier – Cherenkov Imaging Cameras

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3.5 deg. 8 deg. FOV

Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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Outline

  • Motivation(s) and Possible Applications
  • LAPPD Introduction
  • Micro Channel Plates
  • Hermetic Packaging, signal and HV circuits
  • Electronics and DAQ (plug-and-play)
  • Photocathodes
  • Conclusions

6 3/7/2013

Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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The Large Area Picosecond Photodetector Collaboration (LAPPD)

National Labs

  • Argonne
  • HEP Division
  • Energy Systems Division
  • Nuclear Engineering Division
  • Glass Shop
  • X-ray Sciences Division
  • Materials Science Division
  • Mathematics and Computer Science Division
  • Fermilab

Universities

  • University of Chicago
  • Space Sciences Lab/UC-Berkeley
  • University of Hawaii
  • Washington University –St Louis
  • University of Illinois — Chicago
  • University of Illinois — Urbana/Champaign

7

U.S. Companies

  • Incom, Inc.
  • Arradiance, Inc.
  • Synkera Technologies, Inc.
  • Minotech, Inc.
  • Muons, Inc.

LAPPD is a multi-disciplinary/multi- institutional effort that draws on the unique expertise and infrastructure at Laboratories, Universities and Industry partners

Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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“ Portfolio of Risk- Parallel Efforts

  • Two parallel but intertwined efforts at different levels of

risk, reward:

  • SSL/Hawaii (Siegmund)- ceramic package based on Planacon

experience, NaKSb cathode, higher cost, smaller area, lower throughput, lower risk due to fewer innovations, more experience;

  • ANL/UC (Wagner, Byrum,Frisch)- glass package, KCsSb

cathode, lower cost, larger area, higher throughput, higher risk, but more innovation and use of new technologies.

  • Reduce risk and enhance reward by diversification onto the 2
  • paths. Has proved very beneficial to both efforts (much cross-

fertilization, and shared MCP development)

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Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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LAPPD Introduction

Typical pore size is 6-40μm

Realized that an MCP-PMT has all these but large-area, low-cost: (since intrinsic time and space scales are set by the pore sizes- 2-20µ) Requirements: large-area, gain > 107, low noise, low-power, long life, (t)<10 psec, (x) < 1mm, and low large-area system cost

Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

The 4 `Divisions’ of LAPPD

CV CV

Hermetic Packaging

CV CV

Electronics/Integration MicroChannel Plates Photocathodes

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Glass Package Ceramic Package

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Outline

  • Motivation(s) and Possible Applications
  • LAPPD Introduction
  • Micro Channel Plates (MCP)
  • Hermetic Packaging, signal and HV circuits
  • Electronics and DAQ (plug-and-play)
  • Photocathodes
  • Conclusions

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Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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MCP Major Achievements

Development of 8” 20 Substrates Gain Map of ALD- Functionalized 8” MCP

R&D 100 Award for cost-effective and robust route to fabricate large- area MCP detectors

Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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Simplifying MCP Construction

Chemically produced and treated Pb-glass does 3-functions:

1.

Provide pores

2.

Resistive layer supplies electric field in the pore

3.

Pb-oxide layer provides secondary electron emission

Conventional Pb-glass MCP OLD Incom Glass Substrate NEW

Separate the three functions:

  • 1. Hard glass substrate provides

pores; 2.Tuned Resistive Layer (ALD) provides current for electric field 3.Specific Emitting layer provides SEE

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Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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Development of Economical Borosilicate Capillary Arrays for MCPs — Industrial Partnership w/Incom, Inc

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33mm Fused block ready for slicing

 Multifiber stacking  Triple point gaps  Pore crushing at

multifiber boundaries First block  Triple points eliminated  Minimal boundary pore distortion Most recent block Small, inexpensive disks for MCP/ALD development 8”×8” array with 79 million 20μm pores Surface area ~6m2

9” 16”

Capillary array quality dramatically improved during last 2.5 years

500μm

Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) Thin Film Coating Technology

ALD is a chemical vapor synthesis process that permits deposition of a film one atomic layer at a time.  A conformal, self-limiting process.  Atomic level thickness control  Deposit nearly any material  Precise coatings on 3-D objects  Separate Resistive & Emissive Layers

Lots of possible materials => much room for higher performance

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Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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ALD Materials Development

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Resistive Layer

  • 3 Resistive Chemistries invented by ANL ALD Group
  • Tunable R over 6+ orders of mag.
  • R vs. Temp. stable against thermal runaway

Emissive Layer

  • materials and thickness dependences

Materials Studies Slade Jokela, Argonne MSD

Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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MCP Testing at Argonne and SSL — Facilities

SSL 33mm Test Chambers Phosphor detector on left imaged with camera Cross-strip delay line on right for gain mapping SSL 8” MCP Test Detector Vacuum System Argonne 33mm & 8” Test Chambers with UV fs-pulse laser MCP on stripline anode ready for insertion into 8” chamber

Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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MCP Development & Testing

Extraction Current (Relative) ANL ALD MCP Typical Commercial MCP behavior (long scrub times) Commerial MCP ALD with Al2 O3 SEE

MCP Tests Performed at SSL: 350˚C bakeout (aka scrub) then 1-3μA “burn-in” to 7C/cm2

Gain curves of 33mm ALD MCP pair at stages during conditioning. pre-bake gain throughout burn-in

Desirable MCP properties with MgO SEE:

  • Precipitous initial gain decrease seen in commercial MCPs

absent in ALD-functionalized sample.

  • ALD MCPs show little or no aging up to 7C/cm2.

UV scrub of ALD MCP pair 164-163 compared with conventional MCPs. Outgas during burn-in < 4 x 10-10 torr H2 . graphics: Ossy Siegmund & Jason McPhate, SSL ANL ALD MCP

Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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Outline

  • Motivation(s) and Possible Applications
  • LAPPD Introduction
  • Micro Channel Plates
  • Hermetic Packaging, signal and HV circuits
  • Electronics and DAQ (plug-and-play)
  • Photocathodes
  • Conclusions

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Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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Packaging Major Achievements

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Trial detector stack-up SSL Process Tank and with top window

Development of a complete ceramic package system design Development of a ‘frugal’ glass tile package with internal HV divider, capacitive GHz readout

Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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Development of Hermetic Package — All Glass Tile

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  • Cheap, widely available float glass
  • Cheap silver silk-screened RF Stripline

Anode

  • High bandwidth
  • 50  impedance designed for fast

timing

  • Flat panel
  • No pins, single HV cable
  • HV distribution is controlled by the

resistance of the internal parts functionalized with ALD

  • Modular design

Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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Development of Hermetic Package — All Glass Tile

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Realization in Demountable

Assembled in ALD Lab Clean Room Transported to APS UV Laser Test Setup

Demountable signal readout via PSEC4 ASIC 60 mV

5 ns

All glass package concept demonstrated with o-ring sealed tile:

  • Continuously pumped
  • MCP pair: Chem. 2 + MgO SEE
  • Al photocathode on quartz window
  • ALD grid spacer for HV distribution
  • 30-strip anode to fanout board
  • Future Work:
  • Complete work presently ongoing for Indium pressure

seal for top window

  • Produce sealed tiles with bialkali PC in future Argonne

Single Tile Processing System

Demountable

Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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Glass MCP Phototube Strip Line Anode

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Tile base is 30 strip silk-screened anode

  • One 8” MCP Glass PMT ≡ Tile
  • Serial connection of tiles with common

double-end readout minimally affects performance

  • 4×3 array of tiles ≡ SuperModule Tray
  • Complete readout chain from front-end

waveform sampling ASIC through digital and central control cards to graphics processor PC has been integrated into SuperModule

Digital & Central DAQ Boards: Mircea Bogadan & Craig Harabedian, Chicago

Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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Strip Line Anode Performance with 8” MCP Pairs

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Single PE Time Resolution

63 ps Quality cuts

  • n signal

Position scan along stripline w/double-ended readout

dT/dX = 10.2ps/mm

Differential Time Resolution vs. Noise

2mm laser spot size not included in sim.

σ = 6 ps @ S/N=100

  • Results from Argonne 8” Test Ch. w/UV laser

excitation, fast scope readout (M.Wetstein, B. Adams, A. Elagin, R. Obaid, A. Vostrokov)

  • Un-optimized Anode performance impressive and

meets present needs

  • Prospects for improvement to few ps resolution are

good

Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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Outline

  • Motivation(s) and Possible Applications
  • LAPPD Introduction
  • Micro Channel Plates
  • Hermetic Packaging, signal and HV circuits
  • Electronics and DAQ (plug-and-play)
  • Photocathodes
  • Conclusions

25 3/7/2013

Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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Electronics Major Achievements

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Development of a complete system for the ceramic tube Development of a 15 GS/sec waveform sampling ASIC

Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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Development & Testing of Front-end Electronics

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PSEC4 6-ch. “scope-on-a-chip” 1.6 GHz BW, 10-15 GSa/s, 130nm technology

Evaluation board w/2.0 USB interface + PC DAQ software

uncorrected

PSEC ASIC Design and Testing by

  • Univ. of Chicago & Univ. of Hawaii

PSEC 4 design & test results: Eric Oberla & Hervé Grabas, Chicago

Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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Outline

  • Motivation(s) and Possible Applications
  • LAPPD Introduction
  • Micro Channel Plates
  • Hermetic Packaging, signal and HV circuits
  • Electronics and DAQ (plug-and-play)
  • Photocathodes
  • Conclusions

28 3/7/2013

Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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Photocathode Major Achievements

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Trial detector stack-up SSL Process Tank and with top window

A 7” Bialkali made in the Burle Equipment at ANL A successful 8” Bialkali Cathode made at SSL

Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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PhotoCathode Development

Have made >20% 8”PC at SSL; at ANL, 25% ½” PC’s, 18% 7” PCs

SSL 8” SbNaK cathode QE of SSL 8” SbNaK cathode QE of ANL small SbKCs cathodes ANL ANL

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7” cathode: Chalice in Burle oven

Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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Outline

  • Motivation(s) and Possible Applications
  • LAPPD Introduction
  • Micro Channel Plates
  • Hermetic Packaging, signal and HV circuits
  • Electronics and DAQ (plug-and-play)
  • Photocathodes
  • Conclusions

31 3/7/2013

Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD

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LAPPD Project Summary

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  • Many applications can benefit from precise timing, excellent

spatial and large area coverage of photodetectors

  • Picosecond timing on large area seems to be within the reach
  • f LAPPD (working in a large parameter space of cost and

performance)

  • Innovative inter-disciplinary program with mix of

laboratories, universities and industry: R&D 100 award

  • 1 year goal to produce first sealed tube
  • 3 years goal: deliver first tile systems to early adopters

More information on web: http://psec.uchicago.edu/

Cosmic Frontier Workshop - SLAC, 7 March 2013, Karen Byrum, Argonne HEPD