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Identification and Characteristics
Academic self-image is shaped between the ages of 3 and 10…. Children who take an early dislike to schoolwork or have doubts about their academic worth face disadvantage in all future learning.
Carnegie Corporation Task Force on Learning in the Primary Grades
Language Disabled
Children Are:
Bright Creative Imaginative Perceptive
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Their learning difficulties may affect:
Oral language expression Reading Handwriting Spelling Written expressive language Organization
Problems may occur in any combination and in any degree of difficulty.
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Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that is neurological in origin.
It is characterized by difficulties with: accurate and / or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities. These difficulties typically result from a deficit in the phonological component of language that is often unexpected in relation to other cognitive abilities and the provision of effective classroom instruction. Secondary consequences may include problems in reading comprehension and reduced reading experience that can impede growth of vocabulary and background knowledge.
Adopted by the IDA Board, November 2002 and by the National Institutes of Health, 2002.
Language disabled students may have trouble with expressive or receptive language
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Receptive language is input …how the child receives and responds to oral language
Listens Understands vocabulary, word meanings
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May have a short auditory span for spoken words, syllables or digits. May be able to recognize the word but be unable to retrieve it.
Phonological awareness
What did children hear when they wrote what was dictated?
ROW MUSNT BILL TINTED “A” TURNIP OUTS FIR PLY HUM TEDIUM TEA SET HONOR WALL AL WAITS BEEP A LIGHT DIAMOND DIED WEIGHTS FOR NOME ANN
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…how the child receives and reads visual clues
Body language Surroundings Pictures on a page Symbolic language
For reading For Math facts
They may:
Fail to discriminate or recall letters
Miss detail Have figure/ground confusion
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Reading involves:
Understanding of orthography (the look of letters) Phonologic Awareness Ability to integrate material read Understanding of language for:
Phrasing Comprehension - Clue words tell who, what, where, how
Expressive language is output.
Oral language: May be delayed Lack organization Be hard to trigger, they can’t get started Semantics - word finding Syntax – grammar, immature or unembellished sentence structure
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Expressive language may be how the child expresses himself orally.
Vocabulary Sentence structure Organization
…or how the child expresses himself in writing
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Handwriting:
Letter formation Automaticity
Spelling Composition Length Clarity Complexity
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It may be related to ADD, ADHD, Anxiety, or Depression The most consistent aspect
problems is its inconsistency
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