The 11th AIM International Workshop Land surface dependent Water balance modeling of Korea 19-Feb-2006 H.C. Jung, Y. Matsuoka (Kyoto University, Japan)
Objectives 1. The effects of land use and land cover on the climate will accelerate warming by deforestation and change the future impacts on the water balance and ecosystems by a complicated interplay of land surface energy balance including soil moisture, rainfall, snow, albedo etc. 2. To define, describe and quantify the relative and absolute importance of potential climate change to the hydrology, water resources and ecosystem, land surface database were parameterized and land surface dependent potential evapotranspiration models were developed
Contents of presentation • The core of the research consists of development of 1. Land surface database - Land use and cover data - Leaf Area Index - Soil pedon data and Water holding capacity 2. Hydro database - Basin and river network delineation with GIS - Water level DB gathering and converting to discharge 3. Surface dependent PET model test - Shuttleworth and wallace(SW) model - Penman Monteith(PM) model - FAO 24 style PM model
Conceptual diagram of hydrologic impact assessment with land surface heterogeneity (Grid-based ) Regional Climate (% area/ LAI, SAI ) Potential ET Land Surface (Penman-Monteith) Information (Veg. Root Depth ) Snow Accumulation & Melting FAO Soil Data (DPRK) Soil Water Storage Soil Information 1:25,000 Soil Map (Soil drying function) (FC,AWC, 5km) (ROK) Actual ET/ Watershed Boundary Saxton PTF Excess Water (Xs) Runoff (Tank model) Discharge DB River Routing River Discharge River Discharge (Cascade reservoirs) (5day mean, Supply) (Optimization ) (5day mean, Supply)
Water Balance and Hydrologic model Grid-based ATMOSPHERE Sublimation Precipitation, Pt Ps Pr ET Snow SWE SNOW Mt PACK SW Xr Water Rs ROOT FC ZONE Soil Moisture,SM Upper basin q1 Sc Tank1 S1 a1 q2 b1 f1 Surface S2 S3 Tank2 a2 a3 Tank q3
Construction of Land surface database : Land Cover and Land Use Global and Local database of LC : 1. 30 m Landsat LC, 7classes, K.pen. (area) 2. 5m LU, 23 classes, ROK (attribute) 3. IGBP 1km LC (attribute, DPRK) LC Percentage and Primary Type(1,2,3)
Construction of Land surface database : Leaf Area Index Monthly LAI data from MODIS satellite images : 1. 6 year (2000~2006), 4 km, + LC % Data 2. mean monthly LAI for LC types by latitude LC TYPE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Coniferous Forest (30-40N) 1.3 1.4 1.3 2.2 4.0 4.9 5.0 4.6 3.9 3.2 1.7 1.4 Coniferous Forest (40-50N) 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.4 2.4 4.9 5.0 4.2 3.4 1.6 1.2 1.2 Deciduous Forest (30-40N) 0.7 0.7 0.6 1.4 3.8 6.0 5.6 5.3 4.6 3.0 1.1 0.8 Deciduous Forest (40-50N) 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.9 5.0 5.2 4.4 3.8 1.5 0.9 0.8 Agriculture 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.9 1.9 2.4 2.0 0.7 0.3 0.2
SUWON (Rice paddy) Mt. JUMBONGSAN RES. (Deciduous forest) 7 7 LA I seasonality by land cover type 6 6 7 5 5 C oniferous Forest (30-40N ) C oniferous Forest (40-50N ) 4 4 6 LAI LAI D eciduous Forest (30-40N ) 3 3 D eciduous Forest (40-50N ) Agriculture 2 2 5 G rass 1 1 4 0 0 0 100 200 300 0 100 200 300 LAI Day of year (DOY), year 2000-2005 Day of year (DOY), year 2000-2005 KWANGNUNG (Coniferous forest) Mt. HALLASAN PARK (Coniferous forest) 3 7 7 6 6 2 5 5 4 1 4 LAI LAI 3 3 0 2 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 1 M onth 0 0 0 100 200 300 0 100 200 300 Day of year (DOY), year 2000-2005 Day of year (DOY), year 2000-2005 Seasonality of LAI by land cover type and location
Construction of Land surface database : Soil pedology and Water holding capacity Linear regressions for prediction of soil water contents at FC and WP by the stepwise multi-linear linear regression θ f = 42.5080 -0.3510P sand -0.1030 P silt + 1.9231P om (n=1006, r 2 =0.717) θ w = 1.5515 +0.0754P silt +0.2732 P clay + 1.3544P om (n=1006, r 2 =0.664) 50 300 Available water contents estimated by linear Proposed R 2 = 0.7463 Difference of available water contents (100 cm 3 / cm -3 ) Saxton 250 Batjes between PTF models and mesured AWC regression model (mm/m) 25 Rawls 200 150 0 100 -25 50 0 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 20 40 60 80 100 Measured available water contents (mm/m) Silt (%) Comparison of available water contents estimated by proposed PTF model results.
Total available water capacity and field capacity of the soil in Korea for 100 ㎝ depth n ∑ = ⋅ ⋅ − TAWC [ AWC t (1 s )] j j j = j 1
Construction of Hydro database : Basin delineation of Korean peninsula GIS based Hydro-Network and Basin DB : 1. SRTM 3sec DEM 2. 1:25,000 rivernet for stream burning 3. National basin map of ROK 4. 177 stream monitoring station for area comparison 100000 140 R 2 = 0.9994 n=174 120 100 10000 Calculated Area (km2) F reg uency 80 60 1000 40 20 100 0 Ba s in a rea compa ris on ( Log -log plot) < -5 0 -5 0 ~ -3 0 -3 0 ~ -2 0 -2 0 ~ -1 0 -1 0 ~ -5 -5 ~ 5 5 ~ 1 0 1 0 ~ 2 0 2 0 ~ 3 0 3 0 ~ 5 0 > 5 0 10 10 100 1000 10000 100000 Reported Area (km 2) Error Range(% )
Construction of Hydro database : Discharge DB and Watershed delineation GIS based Hydro-Network and Basin DB : 1. ROK- 60 station, daily water level 2. DPRK- GRDC monthly 7station 3. more than 5 year records for optimzation Catchments Watershed HydroNet
Comparison of land surface dependent PET between PM and SW Model (10yr mean) � Penman-Monteith (PM) 4.5 PETSW Δ + ρ / R c D r 4 ρ = n p a a PETPM c L E Δ + γ + γ t v w ps ( r / r ) 3.5 c a d a y) 3 m onthly m ea n PE T (m m / � Shuttleworth and Wallace (SW) 2.5 - Dividing Transpiration and Evaporation 2 - More accurate and theoretical approach 1.5 ρ = + c L E C M C M t v w ps c c g g 1 Δ + ρ − Δ + 0.5 R ( c D r R ) /( r r ) = n p a ac g aa ac M Δ + γ + γ + c r /( r r ) 0 sc aa ac 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Δ + ρ − Δ − + R [ c D r ( R R )] /( r r ) Month = n p a ag n g aa ag M Δ + γ + γ + g r /( r r ) sg aa ag
Ratio of Transpiration and Evaporation at deciduous forest-dominant basin by SW model 4.5 4 TR EV 3.5 day) 3 monthly mena PET (mm/ 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Month
PET by land cover type using SW model 12 conSW decSW 10 agSW 8 day) PET SW (mm/ 6 4 2 0 1 31 61 91 121 151 181 211 241 271 301 331 361 DOY
Coniferous 12 conSW conPM 10 Agriculture Forest 8 d a y ) 6 P E T (m m / agSW agPM 6 4 5 2 4 P E T (m m /d a y ) 0 Deciduous Forest 1 29 57 85 113 141 169 197 225 253 281 309 337 365 3 DOY 12 decSW decPM 2 10 1 8 day) P E T (m m / 0 6 1 28 55 82 109 136 163 190 217 244 271 298 325 352 4 DOY 2 0 1 29 57 85 113 141 169 197 225 253 281 309 337
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