Land surface dependent Water balance modeling of Korea 19-Feb-2006 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Land surface dependent Water balance modeling of Korea

19-Feb-2006 H.C. Jung, Y. Matsuoka (Kyoto University, Japan)

The 11th AIM International Workshop

Objectives

• 1. The effects of land use and land cover on the

climate will accelerate warming by deforestation and change the future impacts on the water balance and ecosystems by a complicated interplay of land surface energy balance including soil moisture, rainfall, snow, albedo etc.

• 2. To define, describe and quantify the relative and

absolute importance of potential climate change to the hydrology, water resources and ecosystem, land surface database were parameterized and land surface dependent potential evapotranspiration models were developed

Contents of presentation

• The core of the research consists of development of
• 1. Land surface database
• Land use and cover data
• Leaf Area Index
• Soil pedon data and Water holding capacity
• 2. Hydro database
• Basin and river network delineation with GIS
• Water level DB gathering and converting to

discharge

• 3. Surface dependent PET model test
• Shuttleworth and wallace(SW) model
• Penman Monteith(PM) model
• FAO 24 style PM model

Conceptual diagram of hydrologic impact assessment with land surface heterogeneity

Regional Climate Potential ET (Penman-Monteith) Soil Information (FC,AWC, 5km) Soil Water Storage (Soil drying function) Watershed Boundary Saxton PTF Actual ET/ Excess Water (Xs) Runoff (Tank model) River Routing (Cascade reservoirs) River Discharge (5day mean, Supply) River Discharge (5day mean, Supply) Land Surface Information Discharge DB Snow Accumulation & Melting

(Veg. Root Depth )

1:25,000 Soil Map (ROK)

(Optimization ) (Grid-based )

FAO Soil Data (DPRK)

(% area/ LAI, SAI )

Water Balance and Hydrologic model

ATMOSPHERE ROOT ZONE SNOW PACK Sublimation Precipitation, Pt Soil Moisture,SM Snow Water ET FC Ps Pr Mt Rs SWE SW Grid-based Xr q1 Tank1 Tank2 Surface Tank S1 Sc S2 S3 a1 a2 a3 Upper basin b1 q2 q3 f1

Construction of Land surface database : Land Cover and Land Use

Global and Local database of LC :

• 1. 30 m Landsat LC, 7classes, K.pen. (area)
• 2. 5m LU, 23 classes, ROK (attribute)
• 3. IGBP 1km LC (attribute, DPRK)

LC Percentage and Primary Type(1,2,3)

Construction of Land surface database : Leaf Area Index

Monthly LAI data from MODIS satellite images :

• 1. 6 year (2000~2006), 4 km, + LC % Data
• 2. mean monthly LAI for LC types by latitude

LC TYPE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Coniferous Forest (30-40N) 1.3 1.4 1.3 2.2 4.0 4.9 5.0 4.6 3.9 3.2 1.7 1.4 Coniferous Forest (40-50N) 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.4 2.4 4.9 5.0 4.2 3.4 1.6 1.2 1.2 Deciduous Forest (30-40N) 0.7 0.7 0.6 1.4 3.8 6.0 5.6 5.3 4.6 3.0 1.1 0.8 Deciduous Forest (40-50N) 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.9 5.0 5.2 4.4 3.8 1.5 0.9 0.8 Agriculture 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.9 1.9 2.4 2.0 0.7 0.3 0.2

LA I seasonality by land cover type

M

• nth

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

LAI

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C

• niferous Forest (30-40N

) C

• niferous Forest (40-50N

) D eciduous Forest (30-40N ) D eciduous Forest (40-50N ) Agriculture G rass

Seasonality of LAI by land cover type and location

SUWON (Rice paddy)

Day of year (DOY), year 2000-2005

LAI

• Mt. JUMBONGSAN RES. (Deciduous forest)

Day of year (DOY), year 2000-2005

LAI

KWANGNUNG (Coniferous forest)

Day of year (DOY), year 2000-2005

LAI

• Mt. HALLASAN PARK (Coniferous forest)

Day of year (DOY), year 2000-2005

LAI

R2 = 0.7463 50 100 150 200 250 300 50 100 150 200 250

Measured available water contents (mm/m) Available water contents estimated by linear regression model (mm/m)

• 50
• 25

25 50 20 40 60 80 100 Silt (%) Difference of available water contents (100 cm 3 / cm-3) between PTF models and mesured AWC

Proposed Saxton Batjes Rawls

Linear regressions for prediction of soil water contents at FC and WP by the stepwise multi-linear linear regression θf = 42.5080 -0.3510Psand -0.1030 Psilt + 1.9231Pom (n=1006, r2=0.717) θw = 1.5515 +0.0754Psilt +0.2732 Pclay + 1.3544Pom (n=1006, r2=0.664)

Construction of Land surface database : Soil pedology and Water holding capacity

Comparison of available water contents estimated by proposed PTF model results.

Total available water capacity and field capacity of the soil in Korea for 100㎝ depth

1

[ (1 )]

n j j j j

TAWC AWC t s

=

= ⋅ ⋅ −

∑

Construction of Hydro database : Basin delineation of Korean peninsula

Ba s in a rea compa ris on ( Log -log plot) R 2 = 0.9994 10 100 1000 10000 100000 10 100 1000 10000 100000

Reported Area (km 2) Calculated Area (km2)

n=174

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

< -5 0

• 5 0 ~ -3 0
• 3 0 ~ -2 0
• 2 0 ~ -1 0
• 1 0 ~ -5
• 5 ~ 5

5 ~ 1 0 1 0 ~ 2 0 2 0 ~ 3 0 3 0 ~ 5 0 > 5 0

Error Range(% ) F reg uency

GIS based Hydro-Network and Basin DB :

• 1. SRTM 3sec DEM
• 2. 1:25,000 rivernet for stream burning
• 3. National basin map of ROK
• 4. 177 stream monitoring station for area

comparison

Construction of Hydro database : Discharge DB and Watershed delineation

GIS based Hydro-Network and Basin DB :

• 1. ROK- 60 station, daily water level
• 2. DPRK- GRDC monthly 7station
• 3. more than 5 year records for
• ptimzation

Catchments Watershed HydroNet

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Month m onthly m ea n PE T (m m / d a y) PETSW PETPM

Comparison of land surface dependent PET between PM and SW Model (10yr mean)

) / ( /

a c a a p n ps w v t

r r r D c R E L c γ γ ρ ρ + + Δ + Δ =

g g c c ps w v t

M C M C E L c + = ρ

) /( ) /( ) (

ac aa sc ac aa g ac a p n c

r r r r r R r D c R M + + + Δ + Δ − + Δ = γ γ ρ

) /( ) /( )] ( [

ag aa sg ag aa g n ag a p n g

r r r r r R R r D c R M + + + Δ + − Δ − + Δ = γ γ ρ

Penman-Monteith (PM) Shuttleworth and Wallace (SW)

• Dividing Transpiration and Evaporation
• More accurate and theoretical approach

Ratio of Transpiration and Evaporation at deciduous forest-dominant basin by SW model

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Month monthly mena PET (mm/ day)

TR EV

PET by land cover type using SW model

2 4 6 8 10 12 1 31 61 91 121 151 181 211 241 271 301 331 361 DOY PET SW (mm/ day)

conSW decSW agSW

Coniferous 2 4 6 8 10 12 1 29 57 85 113 141 169 197 225 253 281 309 337 365 DOY P E T (m m / d a y ) conSW conPM Deciduous Forest 2 4 6 8 10 12 1 29 57 85 113 141 169 197 225 253 281 309 337 P E T (m m / day) decSW decPM

Agriculture Forest 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 28 55 82 109 136 163 190 217 244 271 298 325 352 DOY P E T (m m /d a y ) agSW agPM

Thanks !