Land Bank i Land Bank in T n Thai hailand and 8 th th FMIST inte - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Land Bank i Land Bank in T n Thai hailand and 8 th th FMIST inte ternati tional Seminar Himalaya Hote tel, Kath thmandu du, Ne Nepa pal 6-7 Ma 6-7 May 2019 y 2019 Jitti tti Mongk gkolnch chaiarunya, Ph Ph.D. Dean,
Jitti tti Mongk gkolnch chaiarunya, Ph Ph.D.
Dean, Dean, Pu Puey Ungph gphakorn Sch chool of Developm pment t Stu tudi dies s
Thammasat University, and
Inte terim Pr Presi side dent, t, Land d Bank Adm dministr strati tion Insti stitu tute te (pu
publ blic c orga ganizati tion)
Prime Minister Office
8th
th FMIST inte
ternati tional Seminar Himalaya Hote tel, Kath thmandu du, Ne Nepa pal 6-7 Ma 6-7 May 2019 y 2019
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§ Tota tal land d area 51.3 mi million ha.
§ Forest reserves 17.1 million ha. § Agricultural land 24.0 million ha. (4.8 million ha. is irrigated (20%) § Other uses 10.2 million ha.
d gr grabbi bbing g and d hoardi ding g by ‘rich ch’ pe peopl ple
sts and d pu publ blic c land d encr croach chment t
ss of land d (inabi bility to to repa pay loan & land d sa sale) and d lack ck of land d
deruti tilized d land d & Misu suse se of agr gricu cultu tural land d
pping g be betw tween pr private te and d sta state te land d
sseizin ca cause sed d by pu publ blic c & pr private te de developm pment t pr projects cts
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1052 908 839 484 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 2549 2550 2552 2554
Nu Numbe ber of sm small farm HHS th that t has s acce ccess ss to to agr
d (in thousand)
Source : Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board
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Ye Year
2007 2007 2009 2009 2011 2011 2006 2006
rent t (52%) (52%) Ha Have own wn la land (28%) (28%) mortga tgage ge (20%) (20%)
source: Agricultural Economics Office and Farmers’ Reconstruction and Development Fund, 2015
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Ø 52% of farmers
s rent t lands ds for farming g pr produ ducti ction
Ø 20% of farmers
s mortga tgage ge lands ds to to money lende ders, s, risk sk to to loose se it t (almost st 4.8 million Ha.)
Source : Duangmanee Laohakul (2013)
Transf sformati tion of land d ownersh ship p from farmers s to to rich ch pe peopl ple cr create tes s inequ quality ty pr probl blem
7 Deci cile
More than 80%
Perce centa tage ge
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Need for cash Mortgage or Sell land Loss of land /house Forest encroachment Urban migration
Indebtedness Farming problems
Govt.
provide des s land d to to sm small farmers s & po poor pe peopl ple Pr Private te lands ds have be been ta taken by th the ‘Rich ch’
More than 50% of reformed agricultural land (altogether 5.54 million ha.) provided to farmers has been sold to non-farmers
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u O.8 million ha. (out of 4.8 million ha.) of irrigated
land has been misused, not for farming but for building factories, resorts, housing estates. This number is growing over time.
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u Land Cooperatives (since 1935) DCP bought land /or used
deteriorated forest area to distribute them to small farmers through lease or by hire purchase basis : 86 cooperatives with 193,420 members
u Land Settlement Schemes (since 1940) DSDW used
deteriorated forest area for resettling farm communities for small farmers/poor people. Comprehensive supports
must pay back partial investment cost before receiving land title deeds)
u Land Reform Program (since 1954) LRO used deteriorated
forest area or purchased land to allocate to small farmers. 2,863,475 members in 72 provinces(land cannot be sold but 50% of 5.5 mil. ha. of land has been sold to non-farmers)
The big land holding persons get mo more land, while those with sma mall land have less land or no mo more land.
Acc Accor
to CS
Glob
Wea ealth R Rep epor
2018, Thailand ranks numb mber one in terms ms of highest inequality. 1% % of its population owns 66.9% % of national wealth.
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u Redu
duce ce inequ quality and d incr crease se qu quality of life of th those se who are in need. d.
u Ne
New mode del to to help p th the landl dless ss or ‘Poor’ pe peopl ple to to ge get t acce ccess ss to to land d (less ss sta state te spe spendi ding g co compa pared d to to pr previous s mode dels) s).
u Land
d pr provide ded d to to th these se ta targe get t gr groups ps is s not t so sold d (joint t ownersh ship p be betw tween th them and d sta state te (se seek new way)
u Redu
duce ce exce cessi ssive land d te tenure th through gh pr progr gressi ssive land d ta
come from land d ta tax be be use sed d to to bu buy unuse sed d land d from th the ‘Rich ch’
u Land
d for cu culti tivati tion (go government t su subsi bsidy dy to to pu purch chase se and d let t th them repa pay)
u Secu
curity on land d th that t ca can be be tr transf sfer to to th their ch childr dren
u Suppo
pports ts th that t help p th them to to pr produ duce ce, pr proce cess, ss, se sell th their farm pr produ ducts cts
Land d Bank Adm dministr strati tion Insti stitu tute te (LABAI) has s be been esta stabl blish shed d si since ce 2014, to to addr ddress ss land d issu ssues.
t aims s to to be be a nati tional mech chanism sm for su susta stainabl ble land d redi distr stribu buti tion to to sm small farmers s and d po poor pe peopl ple. LABAI has s pu publ blic c orga ganizati tion sta statu tus, s, to to avoid d red d ta tape pe bu bureaucr crati tic c sy syste
st se seek for pr prope per land d ba bank mode del to to be be appr pproved d by ca cabi binet t as s well as s pa parliament. t. Slow pr progr gress: ss: offici cial esta stabl blish shment t in 2014, ope perati tion in 2015, first st land d pu purch chase se in 2016. Ne New rules s and d gu guide delines s have be been de develope ped d bu but t not t co compl plete ted d yet. t. Till now, lega gal arrange gement t for joint t land d ownersh ship p is s sti still pe pendi ding. g.
1) Provide land acquisition and land development credit to farmers, poor people, community organizations, groups who are going to loss their land 2) Promote, support community
3) Purchase, sell, lend, lease, hire purchase, exchange land etc.
1) Promote sustainable redistribution of land tenure and creation of Land Bank 2) Serve as match maker between
who need land to cultivate 3) Purchase private land and make it possible for small farmers, poor people to access to the land 4) Promote community based land management through common land title
Land d Bank Adm dministr strati tion Insti stitu tute te (LABAI)
Governing board Objectives Mandate/Authority Sources of budget
community organizations
secretary
1) Seed fund from government ($ 21.6 mil.) 2) Annual operation budget from govt. 3) Subsidies from other sources (if any) 4) Income from own business 5) Interest from own capitals
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a) Land d ba bank : a financi cial mech chanism sm for land d manage gement t b) b) Land d ba bank : a new ente terpr prise se to to se serve go government’s s po policy cy on land d c) c) Land d ba bank : a so soci cial de developm pment t insti stitu tute te to to so solve land d issu ssues
๐ Pr Provide de so soft t loan to to 250 indi dividu duals s to to pr prevent t land d loss ss (refinance ce) ๐ Pu Purch chase se land d for farmers s (4 co communiti ties, s, 499 pe perso sons) s) expl ploring g ways s to to launch ch joint t land d ownersh ship p mode del. ๐ Pu Purch chase se new land, d, recr cruit, t, orga ganize pe peopl ple from various s si site tes s who are affecte cted d by Govt.
terventi tions.
New se settl ttlement t and d co coope perati tive will be be formed, d, ba basi sic c infrastr structu cture, exte tensi sion, cr credi dit t and d marketi ting g se service ces s will be be co coordi dinate ted d and/ d/or pr provide ded.
perati tive pa pays s ba back ck for land d co cost st (3 % inte terest st rate te) ๐ Develop p ‘match tch making’ g’ pl platf tform be betw tween th those se who want t to to se sell or let t land d (su suppl pply) and d th those se who want t uti tilize th the land d (de demand) d)
* Long process and time frame to reach a sustainable goal which covers multiple development dimensions (socio-economic, political and environmental) * Str tructu ctural and d lega gal co constr straints, ts, inte ter-age genci cies s co coordi dinati tion and d inte tegr grati tion is s cl close se to to impo possi ssibl ble * Clarity of visi sion, po posi siti tioning, g, manda date te, str strate tegi gies s and d ope perati tion pl plans s are yet t to to be be de develope ped d * Creati tive & co courage ge qu qualified d sta staff alto toge geth ther with th de demand- d-dr driven effecti ctive manage gement t sy syste stem is s requ quired d * Ide deal pr progr gressi ssive land d ta tax, to to di disco scourage ge exce cessi ssive land d holdi ding g and d ge generate te inco come for land d ba bank do does s not t exist st yet t * Govt.
d pu purch chasi sing g pr proce cedu dure is s co compl plica cate te and d leadi ding g to to incr creasi sing g land d pr price ce