JUVENILE DETENTION IN WASHINGTON STATE 2016 Amanda Gilman, PhD - - PDF document

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JUVENILE DETENTION IN WASHINGTON STATE 2016

Amanda Gilman, PhD Rachael Sanford

Goals of the Statewide Detention Reporting Project

■ Count every youth in detention in the state ■ Count every admission into detention in the state ■ Understand who is in detention ■ Understand why youth are in detention

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HB 2449

all juvenile courts shall transmit y smit youth-le h-level s l secure d re detention ntion d data to the administrative office of the courts Courts are also encouraged to report individual-level data reflecting whether a detention a ntion alternati rnative, such as electronic monitoring, was used, and the time spent in detention alternatives The administrative office of the courts and the juvenile court administrators must work to develop un unif iform data

• rm data standa

standards s for detention The administrative office of the courts shall deliver an annual al s statewide ide repor report to the legislature that details the number of Washington youth who are placed into detention facilities during the preceding calendar year

Findings from the 2016 Statewide Detention Report

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Where are youth going to detention?

*

* Closing on December 31, 2017

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Where do we stand in terms of data availability?

Data availability: here is where we started (2015)

Data Available Data Unavailable

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Data availability as of the 2016 report

Data Available Data Unavailable

Data availability: here is where we’ll be for the 2017 report

Data Available Data Unavailable

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200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Island Mason Walla Walla/Columbia Clallam Okanogan Lewis Skagit Grays Harbor Whatcom Grant Chelan Thurston Kitsap Yakima Cowlitz Clark Spokane Snohomish Benton/Franklin King Pierce Juvenile offender Non-offender Hold for other in-state jurisdiction (district/municipal and adult courts) Other in-state holds Out of state and Tribal holds

1549 1446 1077 1058 894 834 789 723 613 607 483 427 419 404 393 391 358 321 279 164 114

Admissions to County Detention Facilities in 2016

Where are youth coming from?

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One out of 100 youth in these counties went to detention at least once in 2016

Youth-Level Detention Rates (per 1,000 Youth) by County

Statewide rate: 9.3 per 1,000

Data unavailable from the following counties: Adams; Asotin; Ferry; Garfield; Lincoln; Pend Oreille; Whitman

Who is in detention?

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Mal Male, 70. 70.2% Fe Female, 29. 29.7%

Youth in detention by gender, race/ethnicity, and age

Bla Black, k, 15 15.1% As Asia ian, 3. 3.1% 1% Nat Native Am Amer erican, 5. 5.1% 1% Other/Unkno her/Unknown , 1 , 1.2% 2% Lati Latino, 25. 25.4% Whit White, 50. 50.2%

Average age = 16.1 years

Proportion of Girls in Detention in 2016 by County

Not shown: counties with fewer than 30 youth in detention in 2016

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Youth Detention in 2016 By Race/Ethnicity

Not shown: counties with fewer than 30 youth in detention in 2016

How long do youth typically stay in detention?

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Median length of stay in detention in 2016 (in days)

3.2 1.8 3.9 Overall Non-offender Offender

How many non-offender youth are in detention?

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Juven venile O le Offender nder, , 86. 86.6% Juv Juveni nile Non- Non- Offender er, 13 , 13.4%

Truancy, 43. 43.8% AR ARY, 42. 42.2% Dep Dependency, 12. 12.6% Other her, 1.4% 1.4%

In 13.4% of all detention admissions, the most serious reason was a non-offender matter Among admissions for non-

• ffender matters, truancy and

ARY petitions were the most common reasons

Percent of Admissions in 2016 for a Non- Offender Matter by County

Not shown: counties with fewer than 30 petitions & counties that file criminal contempt charges (please see WSCCR’s Washington State Juvenile Detention 2016 Annual Report for more detail: https://www.courts.wa.gov/subsite/wsccr/docs/2016DetentionAnnualReport.pdf)

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Tackling the issue of Becca youth in detention from a different angle

■ How many Becca petitions were filed in 2015? ■ How many of these petitions resulted in at least one detention admission within one year? ■ Of the petitions that resulted in detention, how many detention admissions did youth typically experience within one year? ■ Of the petitions that resulted in detention, how much time did youth spend in detention in the following year? ■ Are there racial/ethnic and gender disparities in Becca petition filing rates and use of detention?

How many Becca petitions were filed in 2015?

Truancy Truancy 11,215 215 (88.0%) 8.0%) ARY ARY 1,288 288 (10.1%) 0.1%) CHINS INS 235 235 (1.9 (1.9%)

12,738 Becca

petitions were filed in 2015 (that’s 18 petitions for every 1,000 youth in the state)

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Becca petitions filed per 1,000 youth (age 10-17) by county What percentage of Becca petitions resulted in at least one detention admission within one year?

2.6% 26.1% 4.7% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% Truancy (n=11,215) ARY (n=1,288) CHINS (n=235)

Percent of Petitions that Resulted in at least One Detention Admission

All Becca (n=12,572)

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Percent of Becca petitions that resulted in detention by county

Not shown: counties with fewer than 30 petitions & counties that file criminal contempt charges (please see WSCCR’s Washington State Juvenile Detention 2016 Annual Report for more detail: https://www.courts.wa.gov/subsite/wsccr/docs/2016DetentionAnnualReport.pdf)

Of the Becca petitions that resulted in detention, how many detention stays did youth typically experience within one year?

1.2 2.4

Range across counties

Statewide average: 1.9 admissions

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Of the Becca petitions that resulted in detention, how much time did youth spend in detention in the following year?

On average, each petition resulted in 6.

6.1 da 1 days ys in

detention in the year following the petition filing.

0.9 15.2

Range across counties

Are there racial/ethnic disparities in Becca petition filing rates and use of detention?

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27%

Twenty-seven percent of youth in Washington State are Black, Latino, or Native American (2015). Forty percent of Becca petitions filed in 2015 involved a Black, Latino, or Native American youth.

40% 43%

Forty-three percent of Becca petitions filed in 2015 that resulted in at least one detention episode involved a Black, Latino, or Native American youth. % in % in popul population

• n

% amon % among g pe peti titions % amon among g pe peti titions s wi with th de detention White 63.3% 55.9% 55.9% Black/African American 6.0% 9.4% 8.2% Native American/Alaska Native 1.9% 5.3% 5.4% Asian/Pacific Islander 9.5% 3.9% 1.3% Latino/Hispanic 19.3% 25.5% 29.2%

Racial/ethnic disparities in Becca petition filing rates and use of detention

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Are there gender disparities in Becca petition filing rates and use of detention?

■ Females make up about half (49%) of the youth population, 47% of all Becca petitions filed and 46% of all petitions resulting in detention. – No evidence that girls are more likely than boys to have a petition filed or to go to detention as a result – But how does this compare to the general juvenile justice population?

Gender by non-offender and

• ffender populations

30.4% 47.3% 49.9% 46.9% 27.2% 46.1% 49.7% 41.8%

Offender All Non-Offfender ARY/CHINS TRU

% Female by Juvenile Justice Population

referrals/petitions detention admissions

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Key take away points

■ First annual statewide detention report was released in early 2017 in response to HB

• 2449. In 2016:

– Nearly one in every 100 youth in Washington State experienced at least one detention stay, with substantial variability by county; – About 13% of admissions were for a non-offender matter, with substantial variability by county. – Admissions for offender matters were typically twice as long as admissions for non-

• ffender matters;

■ Additional analyses regarding Becca petitions filed in 2015 show that: – About 5% of Becca petitions resulted in at least one detention stay in the year following the petition being filed; – ARY petitions are about 10 times more likely than truancy petitions to result in detention; – On average, Becca youth who went to detention had 1.9 detention admissions and spent 6.1 days in detention over the course of the year; – There was evidence of racial disproportionality at both the petition filing stage and the detention stage, but more so at the filing stage; – The Becca population had a notably higher proportion of females than the offender population.

Thank You

Amanda Gilman, PhD Senior Research Associate Washington State Center for Court Research Administrative Office of the Courts amanda.gilman@courts.wa.gov