Jet and its Applications Dr. Eng./ Kamal M. A. Ahmed Assistant - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Jet and its Applications Dr. Eng./ Kamal M. A. Ahmed Assistant - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 12, 2024 257 likes •1.06k views

Atmospheric Non-thermal Plasma Jet and its Applications Dr. Eng./ Kamal M. A. Ahmed Assistant Professor Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority Introduction 1 Outline Plasma, sources & configurations 2 Plasma Jet Design, components &

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Atmospheric Non-thermal Plasma Jet and its Applications

  • Dr. Eng./ Kamal M. A. Ahmed

Assistant Professor

Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority

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SLIDE 2

2

1

Introduction

Plasma, sources & configurations

2

Plasma Jet

Design, components & diagnostics

3

Measurements

Electrical & temperature& wettability

4

Plasma Applications

Outline

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SLIDE 3

3

1

Introduction

2

Plasma Jet

3

Measurements

4

Plasma Applications

Outline

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SLIDE 4

4

D C B A

Introduction

➢

Plasma in our life

➢

Plasma classifications

➢

Electrical safety & Plasma sources

➢

Plasma configurations

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Plasma definition

5

  • plasmas are mostly generated by electrical

discharges

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Plasma in our life

6

Plasmas occur naturally comprise the majority of the universe (95 or 99).

Natural Plasma

➢ Well-known examples : ▪ the Sun ▪ stars ▪ the ionosphere ▪ Lightning Aurora (U. of Alaska)

Plasmas in Solar physics Lightning

Plasmas in astrophysics

يبطقلا قفشلا

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Plasma in our life

7

but also can be manmade.

Artificial Plasma

  • Lighting
  • Spray

Coatings

Plasma display Melting Cutting Biomedical

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Plasma classifications

8

2.54 GHz

  • kHz
  • 13.56 MHz
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How to produce plasma

9

Power supply HV (1) (2) (3)

What voltage and current are dangerous for humans?

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Electrical safety

10

Current < 30 mA Voltage < 50 V AC, 50 Hz

Electricity in touch

✓ Earthing

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Earthing

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Device Charged device Earthing rod

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For the measurements devices

12

Should be isolated from the plasma source and the power supply Power supply 220 V 50 Hz Plasma chamber

Measure devices

Isolation transformer ✓ The coaxial cables should be 50 ohm

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Plasma Configurations

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✓ Glow discharge ✓ DBD ✓ Corona discharge

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Plasma Configurations

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✓ MHCD ✓ Gliding arc discharge ✓ Plasma focus ✓ Plasma torch

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Plasma Jet Configurations

15

Floating electrode MHCD Coaxial discharge Pin-to-ring discharge

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SLIDE 16

16

1

Introduction

2

Plasma Jet

3

Measurements

4

Plasma Applications

Outline

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SLIDE 17

17

01 03 02

Design Goals 1 2

Device Components Dia iagno nosti stics cs

3

Plasma Jet

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Design goals

18

Advantages of Atmospheric plasma NON-thermal (Cold) Plasma Ch/cs Gas selection ection Power source’s choice; Neon Power supply Factors affect the plasma operation Electrode & insulators

1 6 5 4 3 2

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Advantages of Atmospheric plasma

19

➢ No Vacuum equipment's Required ➢ Lower Purchase and Maintenance Costs ➢ Can be operated in open air with large treatment areas. ➢ Minimum cooling is required ➢ Different configurations and geometries are available

Atmospheric plasma

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NON-thermal (Cold) Plasma ch/cs

20

✓ The majority of the electrical energy deposited in the Non-thermal (cold) plasma heats the electrons instead of heating the background gas.

➢ Because the ions and the neutrals remain relatively cold, cold plasmas is used for the treatment

  • f heat sensitive materials including polymers and biological tissues.

➢ Its characteristics include a strong thermodynamic non- equilibrium nature, low gas temperature, presence of reactive chemical species and high selectivity offer a tremendous potential to utilize these cold plasma sources in a wide range of applications.

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Factors affecting the plasma operation

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(Supply frequency, working voltage, gas type, flow rate, working pressure, electrode spacing and electrode material) HV

Power supply ❑ V? ❑ I? ❑ f(Hz)?

Gas

❑ Type? ❑ P? ❑ Flow rate

Electrodes

❑ Material ❑ Dimensions : spacing & hole ❑ Configuration

Insulator

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Using Air is an advantageous

22

  • Low cost
  • Portability
  • Ozone generation

➢ Higher flow rates helps in Cooling of the system

Endless Air 50% cost reduction

Gas selection ➢ Gas can be Air, H2, He, O2, N2, Ar, CH4,..etc.

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I-V Ch/s

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V = Vdc - RI

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Power source’s choice

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The breakdown voltage must exceed

❑ depends on the pressure, p and electrode spacing, d. ❑ Vb will exceed hundred kV for atmospheric pressure ❑ Solution is : MHCD (d in micrometer range)

)] 1 1 ln[ln( )] . ( ln[ ) . (

se b

d p A d p B V  + − =

d=1cm

Atmospheric

d=500 m MHCD

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25

➢

To reduce breakdown voltage, the power supply frequency is increased.

➢

So RF is favored over DC

➢

Low frequency RF is favored due to :

  • Higher Ion Density.
  • Increased Efficiency.
  • Better Uniformity.

What about higher cost of RF Supply

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Neon Power supply

26

Output

10 kV, 30 mA and 20 kHz

✓

A neon power supply is chosen as a low- cost power supply.

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Electrode selection Electrode’s material can be

⚫ Stainless steel, ⚫ Aluminum, ⚫ Graphite deposition, ⚫ Copper ⚫ Tungsten ⚫ ….etc

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Insulator selection

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Material

Melting point(C)

Alumina 2072 Porcelain 1400 Glass 1500 Mica 1250

Teflon 335 Mylar 254

Silicon rubber 200 PVC 160 Acrylic 160

❑ Sustain HV ❑ Stand for high T (melting point)

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ANPJ Atmospheric Nonthermal Plasma Jet

29

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Plasma jet

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Electrodes Gas inlet Envelope Power supply

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Plasma jet in our lab.

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Electrodes Gas inlet Envelope PS Mylar Teflon

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ANPJ-II

32

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ANPJ-II

Power supply

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Comparison

Previous

ANPJ Device

New

ANPJ-II Device

Only 6 cm3

4%

100% 156 cm3

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Flow system

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❑ The flow rate in the range from 3 to 25 L/min.

N2 Air

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Plasma jet length

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Diagnostics tools

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Diagnostic devices

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Plasma jet device Optical fiber cables To oscilloscope PMT DC power supply Thermometer Neon Power supply N2 gas Variac Spectrometer Voltage probe

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Diagnostics devices

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✓ Voltage divider ✓ Rogowski coil ✓ Photomultiplier Tube ✓ Optical Emission Spectroscopy ✓ Gas and components’ temperature

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Voltage divider

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Scale the voltage to be suitable for the measurement device

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Rogowski coil

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Temperature measurements

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✓ thermocouple or IR

Thermometer

 used to measure the gas temperature  Thermocouples act as a transducer converting thermal energies into electrical  Thermocouples are flexible, inexpensive, and provide fairly accurate temperature measurements.

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43

1

Introduction

2

Plasma Jet

3

Measurements

4

Plasma Applications

Outline

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Electrical measurements

Current, voltage and power measurements

44

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Electric circuit

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Neon power supply 10kV, 30 mA, 20kHz 5 nF Vd (t) i(t) Plasma jet device Gas inlet 21:1 voltage probe 1000:1 voltage probe 0-220 V Vc (t) 25 Ω Variac

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Electrical Ch/s

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dt ) t ( V ) t ( i T 1 P

d 

=

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Electric Ch/cs Lissajous figure Method

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dQ ) t ( V T 1 P

d

=

Charge Discharge voltage

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Plume electrical measurements

48

Plasma jet Cathode Anode R2= 9 MΩ R1= 20 kΩ Z=0 mm R3= 1 kΩ Voltage divider Dielectric Probe Oscilloscope (b) (a)

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Plume electrical measurements

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A safely plasma dose is generated from the plasma jet device even when the exposure time is relatively long (220h).

Plasma power density equals 0.17 mW/cm2 << 135 J/cm2

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Temperature measurements

Gas and electron temperature measurements

50

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Gas temperature

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<50 oC

Gas T Axial distance

✓ Cold plasma

For heat- sensitive treatments Polymer & biomedical

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Spectroscopy- photomultiplier

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eV in ) I A g I A g ( ln ) E E ( T k

2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 exc

  − =

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Plume intensity

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N2 Intensity Axial distance

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Species emission from plasma jet

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Stephan Reuter, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 51 (2018) 233001

✓ Ozone ✓ NO ✓ OH

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Spectroscopy- Spectrometer

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Glass slide for protection

USB cable

5 mm

Spectrometer

OceanView software

Cable support Slider 5m Optical fiber cable Gas flow Envelope Electrodes Plasma jet

450

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Excitation Electron Temperature (Alg lgorit

  • rithm

hm for

  • r spectrometer)

56 Output Data from Spectrometer Temperature Estimation Peak Identification Peak Modeling Peak Detection Data Acquistion System Equalization Background Subtraction

         − 

k ki k exc

g A I ln E kT

400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 00 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
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Spectrum

57

https://www.nist.gov/

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Electron vs gas temperature

58

11680 <400 K

Tgas Te

~ 1 eV

✓ Cold plasma

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Sine vs pulsed wave comparison

59

Xiong et al., PHYSICS OF PLASMAS 17, 043506 (2010)

Advantages of pulsed

✓ Less temperature ✓ Higher velocity ✓ Less energy consumption

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Wettability

Contact angle measurements

60

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Contact angle & wettability

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Smaller Contact angle Larger Better Wettability Worse Better adhesiveness Worse

 

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Contact angle Measurements spherical cap approach

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h Substrate

a α

θ

 =  = 

−

2 ; ) a h ( tan 1

) 3 ( 6

2 2

a h h V + = 

➢

V is known , a is computed, h is calculated

➢

Contact angle is measured

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Contact angle Measurements LBADS approach

63

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Contact angle

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Contact angle Treatment time

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14

N2

➢ Wettability improvement of Mylar substrate ▪

by measuring contact angle (spherical cap, LBADS)

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Ink removal

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Ink removal

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Etching area

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Etching Area Treatment time

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Plasma applications

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Water treatment Plasma chemical removal of corrosion Surface/Polymer treatment

Bacterial inactivation/ Wound healing In In dentistry istry

Antimicrobial treatment of foods In Agriculture

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Water treatment

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https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6184321/figures#figures

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Plasma chemical removal of corrosion

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Before treatment After treatment

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Surface treatment

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Polymer treatment

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https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0008622316307977

Etching of CNT patterns on PET Increasing the adhesive process Cleaning

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Bacterial inactivation

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Wound healing

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In dentistry

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▰ https://physicsworld.com/a/plasmas-are-cool-for-dental-disinfectio

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Antimicrobial treatment of foods

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Control

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In Agriculture

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➢ Increase rooting speed ➢ Reduce water consumption ➢ Enhance seed germination ➢ Stimulate plant growth ➢ Prevent pests

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Useful Software/Article resources

79

❑ http://gen.lib.rus.ec/ ❑ EKB يرصملا ةفرعملا كنب ❑ Researchgate ❑ Sci-hub.tw ❑ Facebook groups ❑ https://www.facebook.com/groups/ResearchPaperThesisArticlesandBooks/ ❑ https://www.facebook.com/groups/paperreqest/ ❑ https://www.facebook.com/groups/ScientificPapers/ ❑ https://www.facebook.com/groups/literaturefree/

✓ MATLAB ✓ ORIGIN ✓ ENGAUGE DIGITIZER ✓ IMAGEJ

Useful Software

For Latex beginner's

https://www.overleaf.com

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THANKS!

An Any qu quest estions? You can find me at Kamal_hagag@yahoo.com https://www.facebook.com/kamal.abdelaziz 01 0109 094146 46069

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