Japan’s Nuclear Energy Policy Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry Apr. 2018
1. Current Status of Nuclear Energy in Japan 2. Three Key Challenges - Challenge to International Market - Challenge to Decommissioning - Challenge to Nuclear Innovation
Strategic Energy Plan and Energy Mix as of 2030 “Strategic Energy Plan” (Cabinet Decision in 2014. According to law, it will be revised in early 2018.) I. Nuclear power is an important base-load power source as a low carbon and quasi- domestic energy source, contributing to stability of energy supply-demand structure. II. Dependency on nuclear power generation will be lowered to the extent possible by energy saving and introducing renewable energy as well as by improving the efficiency of thermal power generation, etc. III. The basic policy of Japan is to promote a nuclear fuel cycle that reprocesses spent fuels and effectively utilizes the plutonium retrieved, from the viewpoint of effective utilization of resources and reduction of the volume and harmfulness of high-level radioactive waste. 2030 Target of electricity generation 2001 ～ 2010 Energy conservation Based on “Strategic Energy Plan”, METI approved “Long-term Energy （ average ） Supply and Demand Outlook” (so-called Energy Mix) in 2015. LNG 2010 2013 2030 LNG 27% 27% (approx.) Nuclear 29% 1% 20~22% Coal Renewable* 10% 11% 22~24% Coal 24% 26% (approx.) Thermal 61% 88% 56% Oil 3% (approx.) Oil 12% Renewable energy Renewable * Geothermal 1.7~4.6 % 22~24% (approx.) energy 11% Biomass 3.7~4.6 % Wind 1.7 % Nucl uclea ear p pow ower er Nucl uclea ear p pow ower er Solar 7.0 % 27% 27% 22~20% 22~ 20% (appr pprox.) .) Hydro 8.8~9.2 % 2 【 Source 】 extracted (preliminary translation) from documents released in the 11 th Long-term Energy Supply and Demand Outlook Subcommittee, Advisory Committee for Natural Resources and Energy, METI
Restart of Nuclear Power Plants in Japan Passed NRA Under NRA To be Decided to In Operation Review Review Determined Decommission PWR 7 5 4 1 7 BWR 0 2 8 15 11 (1 GCR) 110 110 110 110 110 136 136 58 58 91 138 Tokyo EPCO Hokkaido EPCO J-POWER Kashiwazaki Kariwa Tomari Ohma ３２ ２７ ２４ ２３ ２７ ２１ ２０ ２８ ２６ ８ 54 121 110 Hokuriku EPCO Tohoku EPCO As of 3 rd , Apr, 2018 Shika ２４ １２ Higashidori １２ 36 116 139 JAPC Tokyo EPCO Tsuruga ３１ Higashidori 34 50 83 52 83 83 Kansai EPCO Tohoku EPCO Mihama Onagawa ４１ ３３ ２２ １６ 118 118 118 118 46 78 78 78 78 110 Kansai EPCO Tokyo EPCO Ohi Fukushima Daiicih ２６ ２５ 83 83 87 87 110 110 110 110 Kansai EPCO Tokyo EPCO Takahama Fukushima Daini ４３ ４２ ３３ ３２ ３５ ３４ ３２ ３０ 17 46 82 137 110 Chugoku EPCO JAPC Shimane Tokai/Tokai Daini ３９ ２９ 110 114 56 54 84 138 56 118 118 Kyushu EPCO Chubu EPCO Genkai ３０ ２４ Hamaoka １３ ３７ ２４ ２０ 89 89 57 89 57 Kyushu EPCO Shikoku EPCO 110 Capacity(10MkW) Sendai ３３ ３２ ２３ Ikata Age ２９ 3 ABWR PWR BWR *Ikata Unit 3 and Sendai Unit 1 are under the periodic inspection. Genkai Unit 3 is under the pre-service inspection
Under Construction Projects J-POWER Ohma (ABWR , 1,383MWe) Chugoku EPCO 【 under construction 】 37.6% completed Shimane ③ (ABWR , 1,373MWe) 【 under construction 】 93.6% completed Tokyo EPCO Higashidori ① (ABWR , 1,385MWe) 【 under construction 】 9.7% completed 4
Current Status of Nuclear Fuel Cycle （ 5.5~6.5tPuf/y Plutonium usage by 16 to 18 MOX fuel load nuclear reactors *Including 1.1tPuf/y plutonium usage by Oma Nuclear Power Plant ） Oma Nuclear Power Plant MOX fuel from (utilized fully load MOX fuel) foreign reprocessors JNFL MOX MOX Fuel Rokkasho Fuel JNFL Fabrication Plant Plutonium Reprocessing Plant Plutonium quantity possessed Plan of Operation: by electric power supplier over 4tPuf/y （ storage in UK and France ） FY 2021 (the 1 st half) approx. 24.5tPuf Storing : approx.2,970tU Plan of Operation: Storage Capacity : 3,000tU FY 2022 (the 1st half) Spent Nuclear Geological disposal Fuel Mutsu ： 5000tU Vitrified Waste repository Power Plant Off-site storage facility (Spent fuel pool, etc.) (Spent Fuel Interim Storage) Electric power supplier Next Spent Fuel Storing: （ Tokyo Electric Power co./ reprocessing approx.15,000tU Japan Atomic Power co. ） Plan of Operation: plant Storage capacity : FY 2018 (the latter half) Study on implementation of sub- approx.21,000tU surface disposal for waste from Waste from operation decommissioning (2002FY~) and decommissioning Fast Breeder Sub-surface disposal Vitrified Waste Low-Level Radioactive Reactors(FBR) test cavern Storage Center Waste Disposal Center Waste (from Spent Fuel Reprocessing) returned from JNFL: Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited MOX: Uranium-plutonium mixed UK and France 5 Waste from operation oxide
1. Current Status of Nuclear Energy in Japan 2. Three Key Challenges - Challenge to International Market - Challenge to Decommissioning - Challenge to Nuclear Innovation
Contribution to Peaceful Use of Nuclear Power in the World make proactive contributions to improvement of nuclear safety, peaceful use of nuclear power, nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security in the world, by sharing the experiences and lessons learnt from the TEPCO's Fukushima nuclear accident. UK: HORIZON Project ● In 2012, from its parent companies (E.ON and RWE), HITACHI purchased all stocks of HORIZON, which has a plan to construct new nuclear power plants in the UK such as Wylfa (1,350MW, 2 Sellafield Hartlepool reactors) and Oldbury (1,350MW, 2 reactors). HITACHI plans to construct ABWRs through HORIZON. Heysham In Dec 2013, HORIZON agreed with HM Treasury on cooperation Sizewell Wylfa regarding external financing of the building for new NPPs. Bradwell Oldbery Hinkley Ponit C Sinop Turkey: Sinop Project In 2013, Japan obtained the exclusive negotiating right for Turkey Sinop NPP (4 ATMEA1 reactors are planned). In 2015, Inter Governmental Agreement (IGA) entered into force. Feasibility Study for detailed construction plan has been Akkuyu undertaken by MHI. 7
Nuclear Projects in UK (1) France-China Coalition (EDF , CGN) and Japan have own projects. (2) Hitachi (HORIZON) plans to build two ABWRs in Wylfa, Wales. (3) UK strongly expects the success of Hitachi PJ. The PJ is important for Japan in terms of maintenance of global competitiveness of JP nuclear tech & HRs. Company Site Reactor type Unit Status <Total cost> ￡ 18.2bn <PPA> ￡ 92.50MW/h EPR <Investment> France-China Hinkley 2 EDF66.5%, CGN33.5% Point C (1,600MW) NNB Under construction Sellafield GenCo Hartlepool (start operation in 2025) EPR tbd EDF80%, CGN20% Sizewell Hualong1 EDF33.5%, CGN66.5% Heysham tbd Bradwell (Chinese) Sizewell Wylfa Toshiba -Toshiba will sell the PJ NuGen tbd 3 Moorside -First refusal right to KEPCO Bradwell Planned ABWR Oldbery 2 (start operation in middle Wylfa Horizon Hitachi (1,350MW) 2020s) Nuclear Hinkley Ponit C Power ABWR tbd Planned Oldbery 8
HORIZON Project <Wylfa map & site image> １． HORIZON chronology 2012 HITACHI purchased all stocks of HORIZON HITACHI plan to construct ABWRs at Wylfa and Oldbury 1350MW × 2-3 reactors for each site Same design as Tokyo EPCO “Kashiwazaki Kariwa unit 6” 2013 Apply for GDA (Generic Design Assessment) of ABWRs in UK 2017 approved By ONR and EA 2 ． Wylfa Project Schedule 2017 Apply for Granted SL (Nuclear Site License) 2020 Start construction (tentative) mid 2020s ： Commercial Operation (tentative) 9
Nuclear Projects in India The Agreement between India and Japan for peaceful uses of nuclear energy came in to effect in July, 2017. Based on the joint statement between both Prime ministers Abe and Modi, Working Group to strengthen bilateral nuclear cooperation was established. Nuclear Capacity Target Working Group between Japan and India <Joint Statement between Japan and India> 6.2 GW → 15 GW (2027) September, 2017 In Operation The two Prime Ministers expressed satisfaction （ 22 reactors ） Under Construction at the entry into force of the Agreement Narora 1 、 2 （ 5reactors ） (PHWR) Planned between the Government of Japan and the Chhaya-Mithi Virdi Government of the Republic of India…. Kakrapar 1 、 2 Gorakhpur 1 、 2(PHWR) (PHWR) They looked forward to a working group to Kakrapar 3 、 4 1 ～ 6 Rajasthan (PHWR) strengthen bilateral cooperation in this field … (PHWR) Rajasthan 7 、 8 (PHWR) Tarapur 1 、 2 （ＷＨ） (BWR) Tarapur 3 、 4 Kovvada (PHWR) Madras 1 、 2 Jaitapur 1 、 2 (EPR) (PHWR) Kalpakkam (PFBR) Kudankulam 1,2(VVER-1000) Kudankulam 3 ～ 6 (VVER-1000) Kaiga 1 ～ 4 March, 2018 Kickoff Meeting (PHWR) (Nuclear Liability Law) 10
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