Japan and relating NIES activities Noriyuki Suzuki, Akinori Takami, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Japan and relating NIES activities Noriyuki Suzuki, Akinori Takami, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 30, 2023 133 likes •417 views

Current atmospheric monitoring of mercury in Japan and relating NIES activities Noriyuki Suzuki, Akinori Takami, Yasuyuki Shibata [National Institute for Environmental Studies] Kohji Marumoto [National Institute for Minamata Disease] Akira

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Current atmospheric monitoring of mercury in Japan and relating NIES activities

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Noriyuki Suzuki, Akinori Takami, Yasuyuki Shibata [National Institute for Environmental Studies] Kohji Marumoto [National Institute for Minamata Disease] Akira Mizohata [Osaka Prefecture University] Norio Fukuzaki [Niigata Institute of Technology] Kazuaki Kawamoto [Nagasaki University] Kenji Doi [Ministry of the Environment, Japan] Hiromitsu Nagasaka, Tatsuya Hattori, Shuji Hoshi [IDEA Consultants, Inc.]

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Contents

Long-term monitoring program for atmospheric mercury species and mercury in precipitation at background area (Cape Hedo, Japan) New site started at Oga, Akita prefecture Relating research project at NIES and NIMD collaboration

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Measurement items, sampling, and analytical methods

Component Measurement items Sampling and analytical methods Atmosphere Mercury Mercury speciation (GEM, GOM, PBM) Continuous measurement with Tekran mercury speciation system Hg 24 hours continuous sampling by gold amalgamation method and followed by CVAAS Particulate matter Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, As, Cr, V, Ni, Se, Sb, Ba, Co, Mn, Sn, Te, Tl, Be, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K 7 days continuous sampling by the low-volume sampler and analyzed by ICP/MS Precipitation Hg Sampling by the automatic wet-only sampler and analyzed by CVAAS (EPA method 1631)

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Cape Hedo, 2007-current

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Okinawa

Mercury monitoring station in Okinawa, Japan

26.87N 128.26E 60m a.s.l.

Cape Hedo Atmosphere and Aerosol Monitoring Station (CHAAMS)

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Sampling apparatus

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Model 1130&1135 Tekran Instruments

Wet-Only Sampler Low Volume Sampler

a glimpse of the monitoring site

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Standard Operating Procedures for Atmospheric Mercury Analysis

Develop the QA/QC procedure in hot and humid conditions based on Draft USEPA’s SOP (Oct. 2008)

GEM: Good correlation with MOEJ manual method*

* Measurement of gaseous mercury including GEM and GOM

 Good Recovery of manual injected STD Hg gas  GOM, PBM: Good correlation with manually-operated

  • ffline method

(Gaseous Elemental Mercury: GEM, Particle-Bound Mercury: PBM, Gaseous Oxidized Mercury: GOM)

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for Tekran mercury speciation system

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Observations of mercury species

Cape Hedo, FY2014 (Apr 2014-Mar 2015)

7 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 13/04/01 13/05/01 13/05/31 13/06/30 13/07/30 13/08/29 13/09/28 13/10/28 13/11/27 13/12/27 14/01/26 14/02/25 14/03/27

GOM, PBM (ng/m3) GEM (ng/m3)

GEM GOM PBM

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Observations of mercury species

Cape Hedo, FY2014 (Apr 2014-Mar 2015)

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GEM

Max Average Min

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Observations of mercury species

Cape Hedo, FY2014 (Apr 2014-Mar 2015)

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GOM

Max Average Min

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Observations of mercury species

Cape Hedo, FY2014 (Apr 2014-Mar 2015)

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PBM

Max Average Min

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Observations of mercury species

Cape Hedo, FY2007-FY2014

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GEM

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

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Observations of mercury species

Cape Hedo, FY2007-FY2014

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GOM

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

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Observations of mercury species

Cape Hedo, FY2007-FY2014

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PBM

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

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Observations of mercury species

Annual variations of GEM

FY2008

(Apr 2008

  • Mar 2009)

FY2009

(Apr 2009

  • Mar 2010)

FY2010

(Apr 2010

  • Mar 2011)

FY2011

(Apr 2011

  • Mar 2012)

FY2012

(Apr 2012

  • Mar 2013)

FY2013

(Apr 2013

  • Mar 2014)

FY2014

(Apr 2014

  • Mar 2015)

Mean 1.8 2.2 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.7 1.7 Median 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.7 Min 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.2 Max 5.2 5.2 6.0 4.7 7.3 4.8 3.9 Standard Deviation 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3

Statistics

Hourly Mean of GEM Unit: ngm-3

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Funakawa, Akita

Mercury monitoring station in Akita , Japan

39.89N 139.85E

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Cape Hedo Okinawa To strengthen the capacity

  • f the mercury-observation

network in Japan, a new observation site was set up at Funakawa, Akita Prefecture, in September 2014.

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Sampling apparatus

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Model 1130&1135 Tekran Instruments

Wet-Only Sampler

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Observations of mercury species

Cape Oga, FY2014

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GEM

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Observations of mercury species

Cape Oga, FY2014

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GOM

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Observations of mercury species

Cape Oga, FY2014

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PBM

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Observations of mercury species

Annual variations of GEM At Oga site

FY2014

(Apr 2014

  • Mar 2015)

Mean 1.6 Median 1.6 Min 0.9 Max 6.8 Standard Deviation 0.4

Statistics

Hourly Mean of GEM Unit: ngm-3

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Observations of mercury species

Cape Oga, FY2014 (Apr 2014-Mar 2015)

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GOM

Max Average Min

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Observations of mercury species

Cape Oga, FY2014 (Apr 2014-Mar 2015)

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PBM

Max Average Min

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Fate processes of mercury in global atmosphere-

  • cean system

23 3D Transport Emission to air 3D Transport Oxidation Aqueous phase Ox-Red Dry deposition Wet deposition Adsorption Gas exchange Coastal Ocean

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Analysis of mercury stable isotopes to reveal fate of mercury

  • General plan

– Background and purpose

  • To analyze mass-dependent and mass-independent isotopic

fractionation mainly in ocean-atmosphere system

  • Characteristic isotopic fractionation could imply specific

chemical/physical process that the mercury species being suffered from ← volatilization, biological species transformation, etc.

  • ⇒ Expecting to reveal unknown location, medium and process of

mercury fate in atmosphere-ocean system

– MDF and MIF

  • To analyze MIF (d202Hg, etc. ) and MDF (D199Hg、D201Hg) in remote and

coastal fish and sediments and discuss the location/medium and processes δxxxHg = {[(xxxHg/198Hg)sample) / ((xxxHg/198Hg)std)] – 1 } x 1000 xxx = 199, 200, 201, 202 Δ199Hg = δ199Hg - (0.252 x δ202Hg)

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① Reveal sources of methyl mercury (Coastal or ocean or ?) ② Reveal inter-media fate process

  • Phase change （Liquied → Gas）
  • Ox-Red（Hg2+ ⇄ Hg0）
  • Methylation （Hg2+ → CH3Hg+）
  • Demethylation（CH3Hg+ → Hg2+ or Hg0）

Hg0 Hg2+ Hg粒子

Ox -Red

Methylation-demetylation

Atmosphere Ocean

Hg2+ MMHg Hg0 DMHg

Ox-Red

Hg0 DMHg

気化

MMHg MMHg Hg2+ Hg2+

Coastal/lake

Hg0 DMHg

D199Hg ≈ negative D199Hg ≈ pos. D199Hg ≈ neg. D199Hg ≈ 0 D199Hg ≈ 0 D199Hg ≈ pos.

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Analysis of mercury stable isotopes to reveal fate of mercury

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Atmospherilong-range transport Bioaccumulationin fish

Anshropogenic sources Satelite data

Global multimedia fate model for mercury

 Atmospheric and oceanic transport, chemical reactions, bioaccumulation to be integrated  Methylation process and location

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Summary

 Continuous mercury measurement at Cape

Hedo

– Starting in 2007, now continuous speciated monitoring

by Tekran

– Extensive QA/QC maintained based on established SOP

  • Treand of observation

– Around 1.8-2.0 ng/m3 in average as GEM, maybe slight

decreasing trend in recent a few years

– New monitoring site Cape Oga opened this year,

locating at northern part of Honshu island of Japan

– Additional monitoring at Niiigata prefecture

  • Relating activity

– Development of global multimedia fate model