Irrigation in the Northeast of Thailand in the Context of Regional - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Irrigation in the Northeast of Thailand in the Context of Regional Thailand in the Context of Regional Development

Buapun Promphakping Research Group on Wellbeing and Sustainable Development Research Group on Wellbeing and Sustainable Development (WeSD) KK university Thailand

General Information General Information

• Mekong the 12th largest River

Mekong, the 12 largest River

– 250 population 1850 sq km 45 percent is forest and 25 percent is – 1850 sq.km. 45 percent is forest, and 25 percent is agricultural land

• The end of war in the region turning the
• The end of war in the region, turning the

battle field into trading field. Th i i h b f MRC

• The transition economy: the reborn of MRC

and the birth of GMS in 1990s.

Average annual growth rates of per capita GDP, 1960 to 2003

4.5% 5.0% 3 0% 3.5% 4.0% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 0 5% 1.0% 1.5% 0.0% 0.5% Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Thailand Vietnam

Trends in share of agriculture in GDP, 1960 to 2003 g

50 60 40 50

• f GDP

20 30 Percent o 10 6 6 2 6 4 6 6 6 8 7 7 2 7 4 7 6 7 8 8 8 2 8 4 8 6 8 8 9 9 2 9 4 9 6 9 8 2 1 9 6 1 9 6 2 1 9 6 4 1 9 6 6 1 9 6 8 1 9 7 1 9 7 2 1 9 7 4 1 9 7 6 1 9 7 8 1 9 8 1 9 8 2 1 9 8 4 1 9 8 6 1 9 8 8 1 9 9 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 8 2 2 2

Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Thailand

Trends in share of agriculture in GDP, 1960 to 2003 g

60 70 40 50

• f GDP

20 30 Percent 10 2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8 2 1 9 6 1 9 6 2 1 9 6 4 1 9 6 6 1 9 6 8 1 9 7 1 9 7 2 1 9 7 4 1 9 7 6 1 9 7 8 1 9 8 1 9 8 2 1 9 8 4 1 9 8 6 1 9 8 8 1 9 9 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 8 2 2 2

Cambodia Lao PDR Myanmar Vietnam

Urbanization percentages in SE Asia Urbanization percentages in SE Asia

60 70

1961

40 50 60

2004

20 30 40 10 20

Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR M alaysia M yanmar Philippines Thailand Vietnam

K d Key macro trends

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• Agriculture is declining in its relative importance.
• Consumer food demand is changing.
• Trade both domestic and international is expanding
• Trade, both domestic and international, is expanding.
• Urbanization is increasing.
• Agriculture is growing, but less rapidly than other

Agriculture is growing, but less rapidly than other sectors.

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GREATER MEKONG SUBREGION ECONOMIC CORRIDORS

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Road Transport Network Road Transport Network

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• Using natural resources

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The Northeast of Thailand The Northeast of Thailand

• 37% out of 65 million of population are in the

37% out of 65 million of population are in the Northeast

• 44 % of agricultural land are in the Northeast

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• Is considered the poorest region: annual incomes of

household in the Northeast are 128,464 THB, compared to 247,354 THB average incomes of the HH in the country.

• Small farmer is the main type of organization of

agricultural production

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River Basins of Region River Basins of Region 1 Salawin Salawin, , Kok Kok , , Ping, Wang, Yom Nan, Ping, Wang, Yom Nan,

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Choapraya, Thachine, Sakaekrang and Choapraya, Thachine, Sakaekrang and Pasak Pasak

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River Basin of Region River Basin of Region 2 Mekong, Chi Mun Mekong, Chi Mun Ri B i f R i Ri B i f R i 3

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River Basins of Region River Basins of Region 3 Pranchineburi, Bangprakong, Tonlesap, Pranchineburi, Bangprakong, Tonlesap, East coast East coast East coast. East coast. River Basin of Region River Basin of Region 4 4 Meklong, Petchaburi Meklong, Petchaburi

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Meklong, Petchaburi Meklong, Petchaburi River Basin of Region River Basin of Region 6 6 The coast of Prachuab, Sout The coast of Prachuab, Sout-

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west coast, , , South South-

• east coast, Tapi, Songkla Lake,

east coast, Tapi, Songkla Lake, Patani Patani

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Drought problems Drought problems

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Irrigation Irrigation

• Total agricultural land 41 8 million rai

Total agricultural land 41.8 million rai

• Irrigated land 4.68 million rai (11 percent)

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• Agricultural outputs in irrigated areas are

evidently higher than in rain fed areas: around 430 460 k i d i h l 280 430 – 460 kgs per rai, compared with only 280 kgs per rai of paddy production

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After 10 years less than one thousand rai of land was irrigated, compared with 500,000 rai of

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เขื่อนคุยเชือก เขื่อนวังยาง เขื่อนหนองแกว เขื่อนหนองกุง เขื่อนหนองเลิง เขื่อนชนบท เขื่อนชุมพวง เขื่อนหนองเปด ื่  ึ้ ุ เขื่อนยางใหญ เขื่อนหัวนา เขือนบานผึง

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Water Grid 13 clusters of water networks water networks (water grids) planed in Thailand: 5 clusters are in the Northeast the Northeast

Mekong‐Loie‐Chi‐Mun Water Diversion Project

• A mega‐irrigation project using gravity to

A mega irrigation project, using gravity to supply water to agricultural areas of the Northeast covering 17 9 million rai in 15 Northeast, covering 17.9 million rai in 15 provinces of the Northeast in rainy season, and 5 – 12 million rai in dry season and 5 12 million rai in dry season

• Filling water to the existing reservoirs at the

end of rainy season to irrigate the land in dry end of rainy season, to irrigate the land in dry season and to generate hydro‐power

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Issues Issues

• How to make efficient use of existing water

How to make efficient use of existing water infrastructure?

• Small is beautiful? Small scale irrigation
• Small is beautiful? Small scale irrigation
• Improvement of technologies: agrarian

f i i h i i transformation, i.e. the reverse migration, trans‐national marriage, cross‐border, etc.

• The question of pricing water and the poor.
• Food crisis