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Do I Need to Schedule Irrigation on Peanuts? Wesley M. Porter Extension Precision Ag & Irrigation Specialist University of Georgia South Carolina State Peanut Meeting January 28, 2016 Irrigation Scheduling A technique that involves:

SLIDE 1

Wesley M. Porter Extension Precision Ag & Irrigation Specialist University of Georgia

Do I Need to Schedule Irrigation on Peanuts?

South Carolina State Peanut Meeting January 28, 2016

SLIDE 2

Irrigation Scheduling

A technique that involves:

–Determining how much water is needed –When to apply it to the field to meet crop demands.

Main purpose is:

–To increase the profitability and/or quality of the crop by increasing the efficiency of using water and energy or by increasing crop productivity.

SLIDE 3

What to Consider for Irrigation

Irrigation type-efficiency of system (60-95%)
Soil water holding capacity (0.6-1.8 inches/foot)
Crop Growth Stage
Utilization of Sensors for more precise

estimation of soil moisture:

Split apply weekly rates if possible

SLIDE 4

Irrigation Cost (2015)

Average Irrigation cost ~ $9/ac-in applied:

–~$6/ac-in for electric –~$12/ac-in for diesel

So for 1,000 acres of irrigated land @ 10

inches of irrigation:

–$90,000

SLIDE 5

Soil Water Holding Capacity Example

We have a soil with the infiltration rate and soil water holding

capacity (SWHC) below, and a rooting depth of 12 inches, how much moisture will we store from a rain event that had a 1.5 in/hr intensity and a two hours duration, i.e. we caught 3 inches

f rainfall in our rain gage?

– Infiltration rate is 1.0 in/hr – SWHC is 0.8-1.0 in/ft

SLIDE 6

Soil Water Holding Capacity Example

We have a soil with the infiltration rate and soil water holding

capacity (SWHC) below, and a rooting depth of 12 inches, how much moisture will we store from a rain event that had a 1.5 in/hr intensity and a two hours duration, i.e. we caught 3 inches

f rainfall in our rain gage?

– Infiltration rate is 1.0 in/hr – SWHC is 0.8-1.0 in/ft – We had the ability to infiltrate or “catch” approximately 2.0 inches of the event.

SLIDE 7

Soil Water Holding Capacity Example

We have a soil with the infiltration rate and soil water holding

capacity (SWHC) below, and a rooting depth of 12 inches, how much moisture will we store from a rain event that had a 1.5 in/hr intensity and a two hours duration, i.e. we caught 3 inches

f rainfall in our rain gage?

– Infiltration rate is 1.0 in/hr – SWHC is 0.8-1.0 in/ft – We had the ability to infiltrate or “catch” approximately 2.0 inches of the event. – With a 12 inch or 1 foot rooting depth, only 1 inch of that was available to our crop.

SLIDE 8

Soil Water Holding Capacity Example

We have a soil with the infiltration rate and soil water holding

capacity (SWHC) below, and a rooting depth of 12 inches, how much moisture will we store from a rain event that had a 1.5 in/hr intensity and a two hours duration, i.e. we caught 3 inches

f rainfall in our rain gage?

– Infiltration rate is 1.0 in/hr – SWHC is 0.8-1.0 in/ft – We had the ability to infiltrate or “catch” approximately 2.0 inches of the event. – With a 12 inch or 1 foot rooting depth, only 1 inch of that was available to our crop. – This is the problem with using the checkbook method and models that do not account for soil information!

SLIDE 9

System Performance

The more time I have spent on farms I have realized that

many irrigation systems are not up to perfect operating condition:

– Poor uniformity – Leaks – Not applying assumed amount – Problems at the pump

SLIDE 10

System Performance

SLIDE 11

System Performance

SLIDE 12

System Performance

SLIDE 13

System Performance

SLIDE 14

System Performance

SLIDE 15

System Performance

SLIDE 16

Water Requirements: Peanuts

Peanut requires approximately 23 inches of water

from planting until harvest.

Approximately 18 of the 23 inches (78%) of water is

needed from weeks 10-17 of the 20 week growing season.

SLIDE 17

Water Requirements: Peanuts

Peanut requires approximately 23 inches of water

from planting until harvest.

Approximately 18 of the 23 inches (78%) of water is

needed from weeks 10-17 of the 20 week growing season.

SLIDE 18

Soil Moisture Variability

SLIDE 19

Soil Moisture Variability

SLIDE 20

Soil Moisture Variability

SLIDE 21

Irrigation Scheduling: USDA NASS

Irrigation Scheduling Method Entire United States (%) Georgia (%) South Carolina (%) Visible Stress 78 88 90 Feel of Soil 40 40 40 Soil Moisture Sensor 10 9 6 Scheduling Service 8 7 4 Weather Report 8 7 3 Calendar Schedule 21 12 17 When Neighbor Irrigates 6 2 2

SLIDE 22

2014 Peanut Irrigation Treatments

Irrigation Scheduling Methods:

– UGA SSA (weighed average of 40-50 cb range) – SmartCrop – Checkbook – UGA Easy Pan – UF Peanut Farm (http://agronomy.ifas.ufl.edu/peanutfarm/) – Rainfed

SLIDE 23

Peanut Irrigation Scheduling 2014

Irrigation Scheduling Method Irrigation Amount (in) Total Water (in) Yield (lb/ac) Dryland 0.40 12.73 465.2 UGA SSA 9.40 21.73 6052.3 SmartCrop 6.40 18.73 5642.0 EasyPan 11.65 23.98 5725.0 UGA ET Checkbook 15.02 27.35 5025.5 UF Peanut Farm 7.90 20.23 4802.5

Planted: May 20, 2014 Dug: October 10, 2014 Harvested: October 17, 2014 Rainfall: 12.33 inches

SLIDE 24

Irrigation Scheduling Profitability

Irrigation Scheduling Method Total Irrigation (in) Cost/ac of Electric @ $6/ac-in Cost/ac of Diesel @ $18/ac-in Yield (lb/ac) Profit/ac from Electric Irrigation Only @ $0.21/lb Profit/ac from Diesel Irrigation Only @ $0.21/lb Dryland 0.40 $2.40 $7.20 465.2 $93.43 $88.63 UGA SSA 9.40 $56.40 $169.20 6052.3 $1190.37 $1077.57 SmartCrop 6.40 $38.40 $115.20 5642.0 $1123.85 $1047.05 EasyPan 11.65 $69.90 $209.70 5725.0 $1109.45 $969.65 UGA Checkbook 15.02 $90.12 $270.36 5025.5 $945.13 $764.89 UF Peanut Farm 7.90 $47.40 $142.20 4802.5 $941.92 $847.12

SLIDE 25

Peanut Irrigation Scheduling: Varieties

Georgia 06G

Irrigation Treatment Irrigation Amount (in.) Yield (lbs/ac) Dryland 0.40 481.3 UGA SSA 9.40 6662.5 SmartCrop 6.40 5926.8 UGA EasyPan 11.65 6255.5 UGA Checkbook 15.02 5509.8 UF Peanut Farm 7.90 4988.8

Georgia 12Y Irrigation Treatment Irrigation Amount (in.) Yield Dryland 0.40 498.3 UGA SSA 9.40 5833.0 SmartCrop 6.40 5344.5 UGA EasyPan 11.65 5698.5 UGA Checkbook 15.02 5345.3 UF Peanut Farm 7.90 4418.5

Planted: May 20, 2014 Dug: October 10, 2014 Harvested: October 17, 2014 Rainfall: 12.33 inches

SLIDE 26

Peanut Irrigation Scheduling: Varieties

TUFRunner 511 Irrigation Treatment Irrigation Amount (in.) Yield Dryland 0.40 413.3 UGA SSA 9.40 6261.5 SmartCrop 6.40 6276.5 UGA EasyPan 11.65 5842.5 UGA Checkbook 15.02 4867.5 UF Peanut Farm 7.90 5184.8 TUFRunner 727 Irrigation Treatment Irrigation Amount (in.) Yield Dryland 0.40 468.0 UGA SSA 9.40 5452.3 SmartCrop 6.40 5020.3 UGA EasyPan 11.65 5103.5 UGA Checkbook 15.02 4379.5 UF Peanut Farm 7.90 4618.0

Planted: May 20, 2014 Dug: October 10, 2014 Harvested: October 17, 2014 Rainfall: 12.33 inches

SLIDE 27

SLIDE 28

Peanut Irrigation Scheduling 2015

Irrigation Scheduling Method Irrigation Amount (in) Total Water (in) Yield (lb/ac) Dryland 0.50 23.30 5193.6 UGA SSA 4.45 27.25 5478.6 CWSI 3.55 26.35 5172.8 UGA ET Checkbook 12.50 35.30 5313.4 UGA EasyPan 5.20 28.00 5404.9 UF PeanutFarm 5.20 28.00 5327.3 IrrigatorPro 2.80 25.60 5542.6 50% Checkbook 6.76 29.56 5176.1 Planted: May 18, 2015 Dug: October 5, 2015 Harvested: October 12, 2015 Rainfall: 22.65 inches

SLIDE 29

Irrigation Scheduling Profitability

Irrigation Scheduling Method Total Irrigation (in) Cost/ac of Electric @ $6/ac-in Cost/ac of Diesel @ $12/ac-in Yield (lb/ac) Profit/ac from Electric Irrigation Only @ $0.19/lb Profit/ac from Diesel Irrigation Only @ $0.19/lb Dryland 0.50 $3.90 $7.80 5193.6 $995.87 $991.97 UGA SSA 4.45 $27.60 $55.20 5478.6 $1027.03 $999.43 CWSI 3.55 $22.20 $44.40 5172.8 $973.56 $951.36 UGA Checkbook 12.50 $75.90 $151.80 5313.4 $946.93 $871.03 UGA EasyPan 5.20 $32.10 $64.20 5404.9 $1008.34 $976.24 UF Peanut Farm 5.20 $32.10 $64.20 5327.3 $993.41 $961.31 IrrigatorPro 2.80 $17.70 $35.40 5542.6 $1049.25 $1031.55 50% Checkbook 6.76 $41.46 $82.92 5176.1 $954.94 $913.48

SLIDE 30

UGA SSA IrrigatorPro UGA EasyPan UF PeanutFarm UGA Checkbook CWSI 50% Checkbook Rainfall (in)

SLIDE 31

Peanut Irrigation Scheduling: Varieties

Planted: May 18, 2015 Dug: October 5, 2015 Harvested: October 12, 2015 Rainfall: 22.65 inches

GA-06G Irrigation Treatment Irrigation Amount (in.) Total Water (in.) Yield (lbs/ac) Dryland 0.5 23.30 5268.7 UGA SSA 4.45 27.25 5700.2 SmartCrop CWSI 3.55 26.35 5729.7 UGA Checkbook 12.50 35.30 5829.1 UGA EasyPan 5.20 28.00 5769.8 UF PeanutFarm 5.20 28.00 5533.1 IrrigatorPro 2.80 25.60 5439.9 50% Checkbook 6.76 29.56 5937.0 GA-12Y Irrigation Treatment Irrigation Amount (in.) Total Water (in.) Yield (lbs/ac) Dryland 0.5 23.30 5030.1 UGA SSA 4.45 27.25 5829.3 SmartCrop CWSI 3.55 26.35 5076.9 UGA Checkbook 12.50 35.30 4879.4 UGA EasyPan 5.20 28.00 5456.1 UF PeanutFarm 5.20 28.00 5456.1 IrrigatorPro 2.80 25.60 5620.9 50% Checkbook 6.76 29.56 4479.1

SLIDE 32

Peanut Irrigation Scheduling: Varieties

Planted: May 18, 2015 Dug: October 5, 2015 Harvested: October 12, 2015 Rainfall: 22.65 inches

TUFRunner-511 Irrigation Treatment Irrigation Amount (in.) Total Water (in.) Yield (lbs/ac) Dryland 0.5 23.30 4868.3 UGA SSA 4.45 27.25 5632.4 SmartCrop CWSI 3.55 26.35 5236.3 UGA Checkbook 12.50 35.30 5300.7 UGA EasyPan 5.20 28.00 5449.3 UF PeanutFarm 5.20 28.00 5189.5 IrrigatorPro 2.80 25.60 6213.3 50% Checkbook 6.76 29.56 5245.8 TUFRunner-727 Irrigation Treatment Irrigation Amount (in.) Total Water (in.) Yield (lbs/ac) Dryland 0.5 23.30 5268.7 UGA SSA 4.45 27.25 4752.6 SmartCrop CWSI 3.55 26.35 5148.4 UGA Checkbook 12.50 35.30 5626.5 UGA EasyPan 5.20 28.00 5033.0 UF PeanutFarm 5.20 28.00 5467.1 IrrigatorPro 2.80 25.60 5156.6 50% Checkbook 6.76 29.56 5442.4

SLIDE 33

Tillage Effects: 2015

Irrigation Scheduling Method Irrigation Amount (in) Total Water (in) Yield (lb/ac) Dryland 0.50 23.15 4800.3 UGA SSA-Strip 5.00 27.65 4639.1 UGA SSA-Con. 4.25 26.90 4721.2 PeanutFarm-Strip 5.75 28.40 4766.8 PeanutFarm-Con. 5.75 28.40 5069.5 Checkbook-Strip 12.05 34.70 4563.8 Checkbook-Con. 12.05 34.70 4611.6 EasyPan-Strip 5.75 28.40 4916.6 EasyPan-Con. 5.75 28.40 4815.4 Planted: May 18, 2015 Dug: October 5, 2015 Harvested: October 12, 2015 Rainfall: 22.65 inches

SLIDE 34

Conclusions

A sensor based method produced the most consistent and

highest yield in all varieties during the drier year of 2014.

IrrigatorPro and UF PeanutFarm Performed well during

2015 and have the potential to guide producers much better than a Checkbook method.

Irrigated yields were not as high during a “wet” year

showing that overwatering or too much rainfall could hurt peanut yields.

This suggests the UGA Checkbook should be reduced to

better match crop requirements.

SLIDE 35

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the

following:

– The staff at Stripling Irrigation Research Park and John Paulk for peanut planting and production aid. – The Georgia Seed Development Commission for providing the seed for the varieties planted. – The Georgia Peanut Commission and National Peanut Board for funding this project.

SLIDE 36

Wesley M. Porter Extension Precision Ag & Irrigation Specialist University of Georgia

Do I Need to Schedule Irrigation on Peanuts?

South Carolina State Peanut Meeting January 28, 2016

Irrigation Scheduling

–Determining how much water is needed –When to apply it to the field to meet crop demands.

–To increase the profitability and/or quality of the crop by increasing the efficiency of using water and energy or by increasing crop productivity.

What to Consider for Irrigation

estimation of soil moisture:

Irrigation Cost (2015)

–~$6/ac-in for electric –~$12/ac-in for diesel

inches of irrigation:

–$90,000

Soil Water Holding Capacity Example

capacity (SWHC) below, and a rooting depth of 12 inches, how much moisture will we store from a rain event that had a 1.5 in/hr intensity and a two hours duration, i.e. we caught 3 inches

– Infiltration rate is 1.0 in/hr – SWHC is 0.8-1.0 in/ft

Soil Water Holding Capacity Example

capacity (SWHC) below, and a rooting depth of 12 inches, how much moisture will we store from a rain event that had a 1.5 in/hr intensity and a two hours duration, i.e. we caught 3 inches

– Infiltration rate is 1.0 in/hr – SWHC is 0.8-1.0 in/ft – We had the ability to infiltrate or “catch” approximately 2.0 inches of the event.

Soil Water Holding Capacity Example

capacity (SWHC) below, and a rooting depth of 12 inches, how much moisture will we store from a rain event that had a 1.5 in/hr intensity and a two hours duration, i.e. we caught 3 inches

– Infiltration rate is 1.0 in/hr – SWHC is 0.8-1.0 in/ft – We had the ability to infiltrate or “catch” approximately 2.0 inches of the event. – With a 12 inch or 1 foot rooting depth, only 1 inch of that was available to our crop.

Soil Water Holding Capacity Example

capacity (SWHC) below, and a rooting depth of 12 inches, how much moisture will we store from a rain event that had a 1.5 in/hr intensity and a two hours duration, i.e. we caught 3 inches

System Performance

many irrigation systems are not up to perfect operating condition:

– Poor uniformity – Leaks – Not applying assumed amount – Problems at the pump

System Performance

System Performance

System Performance

System Performance

System Performance

System Performance

Water Requirements: Peanuts

from planting until harvest.

needed from weeks 10-17 of the 20 week growing season.

Water Requirements: Peanuts

from planting until harvest.

needed from weeks 10-17 of the 20 week growing season.

Soil Moisture Variability

Soil Moisture Variability

Soil Moisture Variability

Irrigation Scheduling: USDA NASS

2014 Peanut Irrigation Treatments

– UGA SSA (weighed average of 40-50 cb range) – SmartCrop – Checkbook – UGA Easy Pan – UF Peanut Farm (http://agronomy.ifas.ufl.edu/peanutfarm/) – Rainfed

Peanut Irrigation Scheduling 2014

Irrigation Scheduling Method Irrigation Amount (in) Total Water (in) Yield (lb/ac) Dryland 0.40 12.73 465.2 UGA SSA 9.40 21.73 6052.3 SmartCrop 6.40 18.73 5642.0 EasyPan 11.65 23.98 5725.0 UGA ET Checkbook 15.02 27.35 5025.5 UF Peanut Farm 7.90 20.23 4802.5

Irrigation Scheduling Profitability

Peanut Irrigation Scheduling: Varieties

Peanut Irrigation Scheduling: Varieties

Peanut Irrigation Scheduling 2015

Irrigation Scheduling Profitability

Peanut Irrigation Scheduling: Varieties

Peanut Irrigation Scheduling: Varieties

Tillage Effects: 2015

Conclusions

highest yield in all varieties during the drier year of 2014.

2015 and have the potential to guide producers much better than a Checkbook method.

showing that overwatering or too much rainfall could hurt peanut yields.

better match crop requirements.

Acknowledgements

following:

– The staff at Stripling Irrigation Research Park and John Paulk for peanut planting and production aid. – The Georgia Seed Development Commission for providing the seed for the varieties planted. – The Georgia Peanut Commission and National Peanut Board for funding this project.

Questions?