Intuition, Philosophical Training, and Theism Nick Byrd - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

SLIDE 1

Intuition, Philosophical Training, and Theism

Nick Byrd www.byrdnick.com

SLIDE 2

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Outline

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

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1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

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1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Motivation

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

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Religion & Reflection

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Motivation

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

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Religion & Reflection Intuition

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Motivation

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

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Religion & Reflection Intuition Religion, Reflection, & Intuition

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Motivation

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

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Religion & Reflection Intuition Religion, Reflection, & Intuition

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Motivation

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

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1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

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1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Background

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

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Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT)

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Background

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

SLIDE 12

A bat and a ball cost $1.10 in total. The bat costs $1.00 more than the ball. How much does the ball cost? _____ cents

Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT)

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Background

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

SLIDE 13

A bat and a ball cost $1.10 in total. The bat costs $1.00 more than the ball. How much does the ball cost? _____ cents

Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) Intuitive style

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Background

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

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Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) Intuitive style

• paranormal

beliefs

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Background

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

SLIDE 15

Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) Intuitive style

• paranormal

beliefs

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Background

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

“ I n t u i t i v e t h i n k i n g w a s p

• s

i t i v e l y c

• n

n e c t e d w i t h p a r a n

• r

m a l b e l i e f s ” ( A a r n i

• a

n d L i n d e m a n n 2 5 )

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Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) Intuitive style

• paranormal

beliefs

• belief in God

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Background

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

SLIDE 17

Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) Intuitive style

• paranormal

beliefs

• belief in God

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Background

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

“ P a r t i c i p a n t s w h

• g

a v e m

• r

e i n t u i t i v e a n s w e r s

• n

t h e C R T r e p

• r

t e d s t r

• n

g e r b e l i e f i n G

• d

… . [ a n d p r i m i n g ] i n t u i t i

• n
• v

e r r e fl e c t i

• n

i n c r e a s e s s e l f

• r

e p

• r

t e d b e l i e f i n G

• d

” ( S h e n h a v e t a l 2 1 2 )

SLIDE 18

Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) Intuitive style

• paranormal

beliefs

• belief in God

Reflective style

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Background

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

SLIDE 19

Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) Intuitive style

• paranormal

beliefs

• belief in God

Reflective style

• philosophical

training

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Background

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

SLIDE 20

Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) Intuitive style

• paranormal

beliefs

• belief in God

Reflective style

• philosophical

training

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Background

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

“ … . p h i l

• s
• p

h e r s t e n d t

• b

e s i g n i fi c a n t l y m

• r

e r e fl e c t i v e t h a n t h e i r p e e r s … . ; t h e y a r e l e s s l i k e l y t h a n t h e i r p e e r s t

• e

m b r a c e w h a t s e e m s

• b

v i

• u

s w i t h

• u

t q u e s t i

• n

i n g i t ” ( L i v e n g

• d

e t a l 2 1 )

SLIDE 21

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

Byrd, Nick 2014. “Intuitive and Reflective Responses in Philosophy”

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1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Method

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

Byrd, Nick 2014. “Intuitive and Reflective Responses in Philosophy”

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• 1. The finding that philosophical training is

positively correlated with the reflective cognitive style…does it replicate?

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Method

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

Byrd, Nick 2014. “Intuitive and Reflective Responses in Philosophy”

SLIDE 24

• 1. The finding that philosophical training is

positively correlated with the reflective cognitive style…does it replicate?

• 2. The finding that intuitive responses

positively correlate with belief in God… does it hold among philosophers?

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Method

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

Byrd, Nick 2014. “Intuitive and Reflective Responses in Philosophy”

SLIDE 25

• 1. The finding that philosophical training is

positively correlated with the reflective cognitive style…does it replicate?

• 2. The finding that intuitive responses

positively correlate with belief in God… does it hold among philosophers?

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Method

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

Byrd, Nick 2014. “Intuitive and Reflective Responses in Philosophy”

T r a i n i n g i n p h i l

• s
• p

h y n

• n

e …

• n

e c

• u

r s e … a B A i n p h i l

• s
• p

h y … a P h D i n p h i l

• s
• p

h y … A n a l y z e h

• w

v a r i

• u

s l e v e l s

• f

t r a i n i n g c

• r

r e l a t e s w i t h t e n d e n c y t

• r

e s p

• n

d r e fl e c t i v e l y .

SLIDE 26

• 1. The finding that philosophical training is

positively correlated with the reflective cognitive style…does it replicate?

• 2. The finding that intuitive responses

positively correlate with belief in God… does it hold among philosophers?

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Method

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

Byrd, Nick 2014. “Intuitive and Reflective Responses in Philosophy”

T r a i n i n g i n p h i l

• s
• p

h y n

• n

e …

• n

e c

• u

r s e … a B A i n p h i l

• s
• p

h y … a P h D i n p h i l

• s
• p

h y … A n a l y z e h

• w

v a r i

• u

s l e v e l s

• f

t r a i n i n g c

• r

r e l a t e s w i t h t e n d e n c y t

• r

e s p

• n

d r e fl e c t i v e l y . D

• y
• u

t h i n k t h a t a G

• d

e x i s t s ? A c c e p t : y e s L e a n t

• w

a r d : y e s I ’ m n

• t

i n c l i n e d t

• w

a r d e i t h e r a n s w e r I d

• n

’ t k n

• w

L e a n t

• w

a r d : n

• A

c c e p t : n

• A

n a l y z e h

• w

r e s p

• n

s e s t

• t

h i s q u e s t i

• n

c

• r

r e l a t e t

• p

a r t i c i p a n t s ’ p e r f

• r

m a n c e

• n

t h e C

• g

n i t i v e R e fl e c t i

• n

T e s t .

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1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

Byrd, Nick 2014. “Intuitive and Reflective Responses in Philosophy”

SLIDE 28

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Findings

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

Byrd, Nick 2014. “Intuitive and Reflective Responses in Philosophy”

SLIDE 29

Participants

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Findings

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

Byrd, Nick 2014. “Intuitive and Reflective Responses in Philosophy”

SLIDE 30

Participants

• 562 subjects (111 female)

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Findings

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

Byrd, Nick 2014. “Intuitive and Reflective Responses in Philosophy”

SLIDE 31

Participants

• 562 subjects (111 female)
• from 36 countries (approx. 375 from the US)

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Findings

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

Byrd, Nick 2014. “Intuitive and Reflective Responses in Philosophy”

SLIDE 32

Participants

• 562 subjects (111 female)
• from 36 countries (approx. 375 from the US)
• level of training in philosophy:

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Findings

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

Byrd, Nick 2014. “Intuitive and Reflective Responses in Philosophy”

SLIDE 33

Participants

• 562 subjects (111 female)
• from 36 countries (approx. 375 from the US)
• level of training in philosophy:
• no training … PhD … tenured, emeritus

professors of philosophy

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Findings

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

Byrd, Nick 2014. “Intuitive and Reflective Responses in Philosophy”

SLIDE 34

Participants

• 562 subjects (111 female)
• from 36 countries (approx. 375 from the US)
• level of training in philosophy:
• no training … PhD … tenured, emeritus

professors of philosophy

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Findings

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

Byrd, Nick 2014. “Intuitive and Reflective Responses in Philosophy”

• 1. Philosophical training positively correlated with responding reflectively.

Those who had (or were a candidate for) a PhD in philosophy (n = 318) were significantly more likely to respond reflectively than those who did not have a PhD in philosophy (n = 244).

F(1, 558) = 15.41, p = 0.0001, d = 0.32 — controlling for CRT familiarity and for gender

SLIDE 35

Participants

• 562 subjects (111 female)
• from 36 countries (approx. 375 from the US)
• level of training in philosophy:
• no training … PhD … tenured, emeritus

professors of philosophy

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Findings

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

Byrd, Nick 2014. “Intuitive and Reflective Responses in Philosophy”

• 1. Philosophical training positively correlated with responding reflectively.

Those who had (or were a candidate for) a PhD in philosophy (n = 318) were significantly more likely to respond reflectively than those who did not have a PhD in philosophy (n = 244).

F(1, 558) = 15.41, p = 0.0001, d = 0.32 — controlling for CRT familiarity and for gender

SLIDE 36

Participants

• 562 subjects (111 female)
• from 36 countries (approx. 375 from the US)
• level of training in philosophy:
• no training … PhD … tenured, emeritus

professors of philosophy

• 2. Responding intuitively positively correlated with theism. That is, each

intuitive response on the CRT positively correlated with believing in God.

F(1, 559) = 7.3, p = 0.007, d = 0.16, b = 0.12 — controlling for philosophical training F(1, 557) = 5.7, p = 0.016, d = 0.14, b = 0.11 — controlling for philosophical and CRT familiarity

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Findings

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

Byrd, Nick 2014. “Intuitive and Reflective Responses in Philosophy”

• 1. Philosophical training positively correlated with responding reflectively.

Those who had (or were a candidate for) a PhD in philosophy (n = 318) were significantly more likely to respond reflectively than those who did not have a PhD in philosophy (n = 244).

F(1, 558) = 15.41, p = 0.0001, d = 0.32 — controlling for CRT familiarity and for gender

SLIDE 37

Participants

• 562 subjects (111 female)
• from 36 countries (approx. 375 from the US)
• level of training in philosophy:
• no training … PhD … tenured, emeritus

professors of philosophy

• 2. Responding intuitively positively correlated with theism. That is, each

intuitive response on the CRT positively correlated with believing in God.

F(1, 559) = 7.3, p = 0.007, d = 0.16, b = 0.12 — controlling for philosophical training F(1, 557) = 5.7, p = 0.016, d = 0.14, b = 0.11 — controlling for philosophical and CRT familiarity

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Findings

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

Byrd, Nick 2014. “Intuitive and Reflective Responses in Philosophy”

• 1. Philosophical training positively correlated with responding reflectively.

Those who had (or were a candidate for) a PhD in philosophy (n = 318) were significantly more likely to respond reflectively than those who did not have a PhD in philosophy (n = 244).

F(1, 558) = 15.41, p = 0.0001, d = 0.32 — controlling for CRT familiarity and for gender

SLIDE 38

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

SLIDE 39

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Discussion

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

SLIDE 40

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Discussion

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

(a) Finley, Tang, and Schmeichel 2015 (b) Evans, Dillon, and Rand 2015; Pennycook, Cheyne, Koehler, and Fuglesang 2015

SLIDE 41

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Discussion

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

(a) Finley, Tang, and Schmeichel 2015 (b) Evans, Dillon, and Rand 2015; Pennycook, Cheyne, Koehler, and Fuglesang 2015

“ … i n d i v i d u a l d i f f e r e n c e s i n [ r e fl e c t i v e ] t h i n k i n g a r e n e g a t i v e l y r e l a t e d t

• r

e l i g i

• u

s b e l i e f s w h e n [ r e fl e c t i v e ] t h

• u

g h t i s m e a s u r e d b e f

• r

e r e l i g i

• u

s b e l i e f s . W h e n r e l i g i

• u

s b e l i e f i s m e a s u r e d b e f

• r

e [ r e fl e c t i v e ] t h i n k i n g , h

• w

e v e r , t h e n e g a t i v e r e l a t i

• n

s h i p i s r e d u c e d t

• n
• n
• s

i g n i fi c a n c e … ” ( F i n l e y e t a l 2 1 5 , e m p h a s i s a d d e d )

SLIDE 42

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Discussion

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

(a) Finley, Tang, and Schmeichel 2015 (b) Evans, Dillon, and Rand 2015; Pennycook, Cheyne, Koehler, and Fuglesang 2015

SLIDE 43

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Discussion

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

(a) Finley, Tang, and Schmeichel 2015 (b) Evans, Dillon, and Rand 2015; Pennycook, Cheyne, Koehler, and Fuglesang 2015

SLIDE 44

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Discussion

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

(a) Finley, Tang, and Schmeichel 2015 (b) Evans, Dillon, and Rand 2015; Pennycook, Cheyne, Koehler, and Fuglesang 2015

SLIDE 45

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Discussion

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

(a) Finley, Tang, and Schmeichel 2015 (b) Evans, Dillon, and Rand 2015; Pennycook, Cheyne, Koehler, and Fuglesang 2015

“ … [ r e a c t i

• n

t i m e s ] s h

• u

l d n

• t

b e i n t e r p r e t e d a s a d i r e c t p r

• x

y f

• r

t h e u s e

• f

i n t u i t i v e

• r

r e fl e c t i v e p r

• c

e s s e s ” ( E v a n s D i l l

• n

a n d R a n d 2 1 5 )

SLIDE 46

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Discussion

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

(a) Finley, Tang, and Schmeichel 2015 (b) Evans, Dillon, and Rand 2015; Pennycook, Cheyne, Koehler, and Fuglesang 2015

SLIDE 47

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Discussion

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

(a) Finley, Tang, and Schmeichel 2015 (b) Evans, Dillon, and Rand 2015; Pennycook, Cheyne, Koehler, and Fuglesang 2015

“ … t h e [ C

• g

n i t i v e R e fl e c t i

• n

T e s t ] i s a v a l i d m e a s u r e

• f

r e fl e c t i v e b u t n

• t
• f

i n t u i t i v e t h i n k i n g . ” ( P e n n y c

• k

e t a l 2 1 5 , e m p h a s i s a d d e d )

SLIDE 48

• A. Order effects.

Does not apply to Byrd 2014.

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Discussion

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

(a) Finley, Tang, and Schmeichel 2015 (b) Evans, Dillon, and Rand 2015; Pennycook, Cheyne, Koehler, and Fuglesang 2015

SLIDE 49

• A. Order effects.

Does not apply to Byrd 2014.

• B. Reaction time?

Not a direct proxy.

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Discussion

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

(a) Finley, Tang, and Schmeichel 2015 (b) Evans, Dillon, and Rand 2015; Pennycook, Cheyne, Koehler, and Fuglesang 2015

SLIDE 50

• A. Order effects.

Does not apply to Byrd 2014.

• B. Reaction time?

Not a direct proxy.

• C. Intuitive? … no,

unreflective.

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Discussion

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

(a) Finley, Tang, and Schmeichel 2015 (b) Evans, Dillon, and Rand 2015; Pennycook, Cheyne, Koehler, and Fuglesang 2015

SLIDE 51

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

Byrd 2014. “Intuitive and Reflective Responses in Philosophy”

SLIDE 52

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Summary

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

Byrd 2014. “Intuitive and Reflective Responses in Philosophy”

SLIDE 53

Prior Findings

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Summary

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

Byrd 2014. “Intuitive and Reflective Responses in Philosophy”

SLIDE 54

Prior Findings

• Among lay reasoners, intuitive (or unreflective) reasoning predicted belief in

God.

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Summary

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

Byrd 2014. “Intuitive and Reflective Responses in Philosophy”

SLIDE 55

Prior Findings

• Among lay reasoners, intuitive (or unreflective) reasoning predicted belief in

God.

• Training in philosophy correlated with more reflective responses on the CRT.

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Summary

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

Byrd 2014. “Intuitive and Reflective Responses in Philosophy”

SLIDE 56

Prior Findings

• Among lay reasoners, intuitive (or unreflective) reasoning predicted belief in

God.

• Training in philosophy correlated with more reflective responses on the CRT.

These Findings

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Summary

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

Byrd 2014. “Intuitive and Reflective Responses in Philosophy”

SLIDE 57

Prior Findings

• Among lay reasoners, intuitive (or unreflective) reasoning predicted belief in

God.

• Training in philosophy correlated with more reflective responses on the CRT.

These Findings

• Having a PhD in philosophy correlates with being significantly more reflective.

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Summary

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

Byrd 2014. “Intuitive and Reflective Responses in Philosophy”

SLIDE 58

Prior Findings

• Among lay reasoners, intuitive (or unreflective) reasoning predicted belief in

God.

• Training in philosophy correlated with more reflective responses on the CRT.

These Findings

• Having a PhD in philosophy correlates with being significantly more reflective.
• Responding intuitively (or unreflectively) on the CRT correlates with believing

in God — even among people with PhDs in philosophy.

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Summary

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

Byrd 2014. “Intuitive and Reflective Responses in Philosophy”

SLIDE 59

Prior Findings

• Among lay reasoners, intuitive (or unreflective) reasoning predicted belief in

God.

• Training in philosophy correlated with more reflective responses on the CRT.

These Findings

• Having a PhD in philosophy correlates with being significantly more reflective.
• Responding intuitively (or unreflectively) on the CRT correlates with believing

in God — even among people with PhDs in philosophy.

• Scientific anti-realism

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Summary

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

Byrd 2014. “Intuitive and Reflective Responses in Philosophy”

SLIDE 60

Prior Findings

• Among lay reasoners, intuitive (or unreflective) reasoning predicted belief in

God.

• Training in philosophy correlated with more reflective responses on the CRT.

These Findings

• Having a PhD in philosophy correlates with being significantly more reflective.
• Responding intuitively (or unreflectively) on the CRT correlates with believing

in God — even among people with PhDs in philosophy.

• Scientific anti-realism
• Physical (vs. psychological) view of personal identity

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Summary

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

Byrd 2014. “Intuitive and Reflective Responses in Philosophy”

SLIDE 61

Prior Findings

• Among lay reasoners, intuitive (or unreflective) reasoning predicted belief in

God.

• Training in philosophy correlated with more reflective responses on the CRT.

These Findings

• Having a PhD in philosophy correlates with being significantly more reflective.
• Responding intuitively (or unreflectively) on the CRT correlates with believing

in God — even among people with PhDs in philosophy.

• Scientific anti-realism
• Physical (vs. psychological) view of personal identity
• Fregenism (not Russellianism) about language

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Summary

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

Byrd 2014. “Intuitive and Reflective Responses in Philosophy”

SLIDE 62

Prior Findings

• Among lay reasoners, intuitive (or unreflective) reasoning predicted belief in

God.

• Training in philosophy correlated with more reflective responses on the CRT.

These Findings

• Having a PhD in philosophy correlates with being significantly more reflective.
• Responding intuitively (or unreflectively) on the CRT correlates with believing

in God — even among people with PhDs in philosophy.

• Scientific anti-realism
• Physical (vs. psychological) view of personal identity
• Fregenism (not Russellianism) about language
• Deontological responses to the trolley problem

1 Motivation 2 Background 3 Method 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Summary

Summary

Nick Byrd. “Intuition, Philosophical Trainin…”

Byrd 2014. “Intuitive and Reflective Responses in Philosophy”

SLIDE 63

Intuition, Philosophical Training, and Theism

Nick Byrd www.byrdnick.com