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1st Grade PSI: Unit 1 Stars Slide 3 / 106
Table of Contents: Stars
· Introduction to the Night Sky · Types of Stars · What is a star?
Click on the topic to go to that section
· Constellations · Astronomy Tools
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Introduction to the Night Sky
Return to Table
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K W L What you know about night sky? What you want to know about what you see? What did you learn about things in the night sky?
.
Slide 6 / 106 The Night Sky
People have been looking up into the night sky for a very long time. They wondered about the shining lights that sparkled in the sky.
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People in the past did not have tools to help them see a closer view of sky. They used their eyes and imagination.
Twinkle Twinkle Little Star
Click here to listen to the song and paint a picture in your mind.
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When people studied the night sky they began to see patterns in the sky. Those patterns are called constellations.
Constellations Slide 9 / 106
Astronomers are people who study stars.
Astronomers Slide 10 / 106
Astronomers started keeping track of which stars appeared in the night sky.
Astronomers
Do you see a pattern in this group of stars?
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Astronomers also wanted to measure the positions
Astronomers
The constellation called the "Big Dipper" changes position in the sky throughout the year.
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1 Why did astronomers study the night sky? A To keep track of star patterns B To keep track of star positions C Both A and B
Answer
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2 What are groups of stars that form patterns called? A Special stars B Constellations C Starlight
Answer
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3 If you stood on the roof of the school and looked at the night sky in August, and then went back to the same spot and looked at the night sky in January, the stars would be in the exact same position. True False
Answer
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Astronomy Tools
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There are tools that help you to see things in the sky. Tools help you to complete a task. A pencil is a tool. It helps you write words or draw pictures. Do you know other tools?
Let's Brainstorm! Slide 17 / 106
What tools do you think we could use to see
very far away?
Astronomy Tools Slide 18 / 106
Throughout the years, astronomers used tools to measure the positions and patterns of the stars. These included astrolabes, quadrants, and sextants. These tools can measure the distances between stars. These tools helped astronomers make maps of the stars. .
Astronomy Tools
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People built high towers called observatories to watch the movement and patterns in the sky.
Astronomy Tools Slide 20 / 106
These observatories are tools!
Astronomy Tools Slide 21 / 106 Astronomy Tools
Our ancestors built large structures and monuments that lined up with the stars at certain times of the year.
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They kept track of the positions of the moon and stars every day and made maps and calendars based on their positions.
Astronomy Tools
Star Map Star Calendar
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In 1609, a scientist by the name of Galileo Galilei invented the first telescope to get a closer look at stars. Some people believed that the stars were holes in the sky.
Galileo Galilei Slide 24 / 106
A telescope makes far away
- bjects bigger and closer.
Since the invention of the telescope we have learned a lot about the night sky.
Telescopes
Teacher Note
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Today, there are many different types of telescopes and satellites astronomers use to study space.
Telescopes and Satellites Slide 26 / 106 Hubble Space Telescope
We now send telescopes into space so we can see very far away stars. The Hubble Space Telescope is floating in outer space and sends pictures back to Earth.
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Click here to see some pictures from the Hubble Telescope.
Hubble Space Telescope Slide 28 / 106
Thanks to their amazing tools, astronomers have discovered many
night sky besides stars.
Using Telescopes
Click here to see how a large telescope works
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If you live in a city it is harder to see a lot of stars Why?
Stars Slide 30 / 106
If you are out in the country or camping in the mountains or the desert away from the city lights, you may see thousands of stars.
Stars
SLIDE 6
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Is this picture of the night sky from a city or the country? How do you know?
Stars Slide 32 / 106
Answer
4 Do the night sky and the day sky look the same?
A yes B no
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Answer
5 What is a tool?
A something that is big B something that is hard to understand C something that helps you do things
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Answer
6 Before special tools were developed, a long time ago, people used their eyes and imagination to study the night sky.
True False
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7 Which of the following is the best tool scientists have developed to study stars? A An astrolabe B A quadrant C A magnifying glass D A telescope
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Answer
8 The man who invented the telescope was ______.
A Astronomeritus B Galileo C Gallaxy
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Answer
9 In the city you see more stars than you can in the country.
Yes No
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What is a star?
Return to Table
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To us, stars look like bright lights. A star is a huge sphere of very hot gases.
What are stars?
Click here to see what Timon, Pumbaa, and Simba think stars are made of....which one is right?
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Stars produce a huge amount of energy. The star closest to us gives Earth the energy to stay warm, grow plants, and support all life. We call the star closest to us the Sun.
What are stars?
The Sun is a star!
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Answer
10 A star is
A dark B cold C hot
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Answer
11 A star is made of
A water B stone C gases
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Answer
12 What is the Star closest to Earth called?
A The North Star B Star Bright C The Sun
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Types of Stars
Return to Table
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When you look up at the night time sky you may see many different stars.
Stars Slide 46 / 106
In general, stars are very far away. Do you remember which star is closest to Earth?
How far away are stars? Slide 47 / 106
Scientists study stars and place them in groups based
how they are different.
Big
Little
White Blue Yellow Black Red
Types of Stars Slide 48 / 106
Stars come in many sizes and colors.
Star Size and Color
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Have you ever noticed that fire can have different colors? Stars also have different colors depending on temperature.
Star Temperature and Color
Blue - hottest part of flame Yellow - hotter than red, cooler than blue Red - coolest part of flame
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Big (Giant) Stars are Hotter than Smaller Stars Blue stars are hottest Then Yellow Then Red
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Stars come in all different sizes: Blue Giant Stars are brightest! The hotter the star, the brighter it is.
Come to the board and point out as many different colors as you can see.
Size of Stars Slide 52 / 106
Answer
13 Which part of the fire is hottest?
A yellow B blue C both are the
same temperature
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Answer
14 Which type of star is hottest and brightest
A a yellow star like our sun B a giant blue star C a smaller red star
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Answer
15 Stars can be
A big and little B all the same color C big and little and different colors
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A couple of stars have been found that are 100 to 200 times larger than the Sun. Some very old stars are smaller than Earth.
There are many kinds
the sky. Some are very big.
Types of Stars Slide 56 / 106
Many of the stars you see at night are giant stars. Giant stars can be blue or red.
Giant Stars Slide 57 / 106
Blue Giant Stars are large and their gas burns quickly making them very hot. A Blue Giant is very bright.
Blue Giant Stars Slide 58 / 106
Right now our Sun is a yellow star.
Our Sun
The Sun will grow bigger and become a Red Giant Star, and its light will shine much farther into space than it does right now.
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Red Dwarf Stars are smaller than our sun.
Red Dwarf Stars
There are many Red Dwarf Stars in outer space, but we see very few of them in the sky because they are small and produce very little light.
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A yellow star, like our sun, will cool and become a White Dwarf Star. After billions, maybe even trillions of years, the White Dwarf Star will stop glowing. At that point it will be what we call a Black Dwarf Star.
White and Black Dwarf Stars
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There are a some stars that get really huge! They are called Supergiants! They are way bigger than our Sun and explode when they die. The explosion is called a Supernova. Most smaller stars, like our Sun, cool down and become White Dwarf Stars, then they fade into space and become Black Stars.
Supernova Slide 63 / 106
Answer
16 Are there stars that are bigger than the sun?
Yes No
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Answer
17 Red Dwarf stars are
A super giant B large C small
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Answer
18 Blue stars are
A small B large C tiny
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Answer
19 The closest star to Earth is the Sun.
True False
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Answer
20 Yellow stars fade into
A pink stars B white stars C blue stars
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Answer
21 White stars fade into
A black stars B blue stars C white stars
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Answer
22 A Giant Blue Star is the size of the sun.
True False
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Answer
23 We see a lot of blue stars in the night sky because they are
A small B cool C bright
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Answer
24 We say stars have a life-cycle because they
A are "born" when they are formed B have growth stages: grow larger, then get smaller,
then fade away
C both a and b
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Constellations
Return to Table
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Constellations are groups of stars. There are 88 different constellations in our sky. You can see different
- nes at different times of
the year.
Constellations Slide 74 / 106
Remember, a constellation is a group
imaginary shape in the night sky. They are usually named after characters from stories, people, animals and objects.
Constellations
The mostly simple shapes and few stars make these patterns easy
to identify, and for learning about the night sky.
This group of stars looks like a bull!
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Constellations are pictures that you can see when you connect the stars - like connecting the dots.
Constellations Slide 76 / 106
In different parts of the world, people give groups of stars special names based on their shape. A very long time ago, creating imaginary images out of stars became useful for keeping track of star positions.
Constellations Slide 77 / 106
As Earth turns you can see different constellations. You cannot see constellations during the day because the Sun's light is too bright to see star light.
Sunlight and Constellations Slide 78 / 106 Some Constellations
Click here for a video on constellations
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One constellation is the Northern Cross.
Constellations Slide 80 / 106
The Fishhook
Constellations Slide 81 / 106 Constellations Slide 82 / 106
The Great Dog Canis Major
Constellations Slide 83 / 106
Cancer -The Crab
Constellations Slide 84 / 106
Leo The Lion
Constellations
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Pisces The Fish
Constellations Slide 86 / 106
Scorpius The Scorpion
Constellations Slide 87 / 106
Taurus The Bull
Constellations Slide 88 / 106
Ursa Major The Great Bear
Constellations Slide 89 / 106
The Little Bear Ursa Minor
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Answer
25 Constellations are groups of _________ stars in the night sky.
A tiny B bright C red
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Answer
26 Can you see different constellations at different times of the year?
Yes No
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Answer
27 Constellations are like a dot to dot drawing connecting
A one planet to a star B on planet to another planet C one star to another to make a picture
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Answer
28 You can see constellations in the day time sky.
Yes No
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In the Northern Hemisphere, the easiest star to find is the North Star. The North Star's name is Polaris.
Polaris
Finding stars Slide 95 / 106
The easiest way to find the North Star (Polaris) is to find the constellation called the Big Dipper in the northern part of the sky.
Finding Polaris
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To find the North Star use the two stars that form the edge of the cup of the Big Dipper away from the handle. Follow an imaginary line through these two stars and this line will point you toward the North Star.
Finding Stars
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The North Star is not a very bright star, so it might take some practice to find it easily.
Finding Stars Slide 98 / 106
Answer
29 The North Star also called Polaris?
Yes No
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Answer
30 To find the North Star you should find the______________ first.
A Little Dipper B The Eagle C Big Dipper
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Navigating at night was important to the sailors who looked toward the stars so that they would know which way to steer their boats.
Navigation
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What star is the ship below using to direct the boat north?
Navigation Slide 102 / 106
Farmers looked at the patterns in the night sky to see what season it was, when it was the right time to plant seeds and when to harvest their crops.
Click here to learn about the star constellation Orion
Farming
Orion
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In North America - where people in the USA live - farmers usually plant crops in March. Based on this, what would the Big Dipper look like in the night sky when it's time to plant crops in the USA?
Farming A B Slide 104 / 106
Answer
31 Sailors looked to the patterns in the night sky to help them find their way .
True False
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Answer
32 Farmers used the constellations to help them know when to plant and harvest their crops.
True False
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Please return to your KWL chart Let's fill in the column about what you learned!
