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Introduction (00) RNDr. Martin Madaras, PhD. madaras@skeletex.xyz - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Fundamentals of Computer Graphics and Image Processing Introduction (00) RNDr. Martin Madaras, PhD. madaras@skeletex.xyz Image Processing Lectures 1-6 (21.9 2.11) doc. RNDr. Milan Ftnik,CSc . 2 Computer Graphics Lectures 7-12 (9.11

  1. FCGIP Introduction (0) - Image Processing (1) - Image Processing (2) - Image Processing (3) - Image Processing (4) - Image Processing (5) - Introduction CG (6) - 3D Modeling Representations, Transformations, Projections (7) - Rasterization, Shading (8) - 64

  2. FCGIP Introduction (0) - Image Processing (1) - Image Processing (2) - Image Processing (3) - Image Processing (4) - Image Processing (5) - Introduction CG (6) - 3D Modeling Representations, Transformations, Projections (7) - Rasterization, Shading (8) - Visibility, Clipping, Textures (9) - 65

  3. FCGIP Introduction (0) - Image Processing (1) - Image Processing (2) - Image Processing(3) - Image Processing (4) - Image Processing (5) - Introduction CG (6) - 3D Modeling Representations, Transformations, Projections (7) - Rasterization, Shading (8) - Visibility, Clipping (9) - Shadows, Animations (10) - 66

  4. FCGIP Introduction (0) - Image Processing (1) - Image Processing (2) - Image Processing (3) - Image Processing (4) - Image Processing (5) - Introduction CG (6) - 3D Modeling Representations, Transformations, Projections (7) - Rasterization, Shading (8) - Visibility, Clipping (9) - Shadows, Animations (10) - Ray-casting, Acceleration structures, Global Illumination Intro (11) - 67

  5. FCGIP Introduction (0) - Image Processing (1) - Image Processing (2) - Image Processing (3) - Image Processing (4) - Image Processing (5) - Image Processing (6) - 3D Modeling Representations, Transformations, Projections (7) - Rasterization, Shading (8) - Visibility, Clipping (9) - Shadows, Animations (10) - Ray-casting, Acceleration structures, Global Illumination Intro (11) - WRITTEN EXAM [2 nd part, CG] (12) - 68

  6. FCGIP Evaluation  Image Processing part  Practical lessons, projects from IP: 25p  Oral exam from IP part: 25p  Computer Graphics part  Practical lessons, projects from CG: 25p  Written exam during last lesson: 25p Standard evaluation from the sum of points: max 100p 69

  7. Computer Graphics Last Lecture (13) 21.12.2019 Computer Graphics Test ? (Lectures 7 - 12) 70

  8. Lectures vs. exam 71

  9. Sources and literature  Foley, J et. al. -- Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice, Addison- Wesley 2013, Professional, ISBN 978-0321399526  HILL, F. Computer graphics using OpenGL. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2001. 922 s. ISBN 0-02-354856-8.  ŽÁRA, J. -- BENEŠ, B. -- SOCHOR, J. Moderní počítačová grafika. Praha: Computer Press, 2005. 606 s. ISBN 80-251-0454-0.  RUŽICKÝ, E. -- FERKO, A. Počítačová grafika a spracovanie obrazu. Bratislava: SAPIENTIA, 1995. 324 s. ISBN 80-967180-2-9.  OpenGL Sources SHREINER, D. -- OpenGL ARB, The OpenGL Programming Guide. Addison-Wesley, 2009. s. ISBN 978-0321552624  http://www.glprogramming.com/red/  http://nehe.gamedev.net/  www.google.com 72

  10. How the lectures should look like #2 Ask questions, please!!! - Be communicative - www.slido.com #ZPGSO00 - More active you are, the better for you! - 73

  11. Computer Vision / Computer Graphics 74

  12. Computer Vision/ Computer Graphics Computer Graphics Computer Vision 75

  13. Image Processing What is Image Processing? 76

  14. What is IP? “Any use of computers to process or manipulate images “ - “The image can be a 2D (intensity, RGB) or 3D (depth map, structured - point cloud)“ “Computer Vision uses image processing algorithms to solve tasks” - 77

  15. Introduction What is Computer Graphics? 78

  16. What is CG?  “Any use of computers to create or manipulate images “  “The pictorial representation and manipulation of data by a computer “ 79

  17. Goals of CG  Recreating reality - convincingly  Creating alternative reality  Convert information into an optical form 80

  18. Recreating reality 81

  19. Recreating reality 82

  20. Recreating reality 83

  21. Alternative reality 84

  22. Introduction What is rendered image? How do we perceive the color image on a device? 85

  23. Frame Buffer 86

  24. Color Mixing - Mixture of Red, Green and Blue 87

  25. Color Display 88

  26. Modern Displays LCD - liquid crystal display 89

  27. Pixel PIxEL - Picture Element 90

  28. Color Frame Buffer Each color intensity needs to be stored separately 91

  29. Color Depth Bits per pixel determine image color depth 92

  30. 8-bit Palette Each pixel points to a color number in palette Palette is 24bit but contains only 256 colors 93

  31. Display Resolution and Memory  Frame-buffer memory size and speed as limiting factor  1024x768 24bit - 2.25 MB - 0.79 megapixels  1920x1080 24bit - 5.94 MB - 2 megapixels  4096x2160 30bit - 31.64 MB - 8.84 megapixels  For animated displays we need to read the frame buffer at least 24 times per second 94

  32. Double Buffering  Q: What happens if we write directly to the framebuffer ?  We need a second buffer to solve this problem 95

  33. Aspect Ratio  Display aspect ratio  TV 4:3  HDTV 16:9  35mm film 3:2  Pixel aspect ratio  Nowadays, almost always 1:1 96

  34. Frame-buffer Manipulation  Direct memory access,  Limited by OS security policies  Various graphical toolkits and libraries  Often slow for complex geometry and 3D graph  OpenGL and DirectX  Fast but requires hardware 97

  35. What is an image? Rectilinear 2D array of pixels - Reality Digital Image 98

  36. What is an image? Rectilinear 2D array of pixels - Reality Digital Image 99

  37. What is an image? Pixels are NOT little squares! Pixels are samples! - Reality Digital Image 100

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